Dataset

This dataset was created by Hussein Al Chami

Contents

Sample data for exercises in Further Adventures in Data Cleaning.

As high-throughput methods become more common, training undergraduates to analyze data must include having them generate informative summaries of large datasets. This flexible case study provides an opportunity for undergraduate students to become familiar with the capabilities of R programming in the context of high-throughput evolutionary data collected using macroarrays. The story line introduces a recent graduate hired at a biotech firm and tasked with analysis and visualization of changes in gene expression from 20,000 generations of the Lenski Lab’s Long-Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE). Our main character is not familiar with R and is guided by a coworker to learn about this platform. Initially this involves a step-by-step analysis of the small Iris dataset built into R which includes sepal and petal length of three species of irises. Practice calculating summary statistics and correlations, and making histograms and scatter plots, prepares the protagonist to perform similar analyses with the LTEE dataset. In the LTEE module, students analyze gene expression data from the long-term evolutionary experiments, developing their skills in manipulating and interpreting large scientific datasets through visualizations and statistical analysis. Prerequisite knowledge is basic statistics, the Central Dogma, and basic evolutionary principles. The Iris module provides hands-on experience using R programming to explore and visualize a simple dataset; it can be used independently as an introduction to R for biological data or skipped if students already have some experience with R. Both modules emphasize understanding the utility of R, rather than creation of original code. Pilot testing showed the case study was well-received by students and faculty, who described it as a clear introduction to R and appreciated the value of R for visualizing and analyzing large datasets.

When working with data, you often spend the most amount of time cleaning your data. Learn how to write more efficient code using the tidyverse in R.

Reddit is a social news, content rating and discussion website. It's one of the most popular sites on the internet. Reddit has 52 million daily active users and approximately 430 million users who use it once a month. Reddit has different subreddits and here We'll use the r/AskScience Subreddit.

The dataset is extracted from the subreddit /r/AskScience from Reddit. The data was collected between 01-01-2016 and 20-05-2022. It contains 612,668 Datapoints and 25 Columns. The database contains a number of information about the questions asked on the subreddit, the description of the submission, the flair of the question, NSFW or SFW status, the year of the submission, and more. The data is extracted using python and Pushshift's API. A little bit of cleaning is done using NumPy and pandas as well. (see the descriptions of individual columns below).

The dataset contains the following columns and descriptions: author - Redditor Name author_fullname - Redditor Full name contest_mode - Contest mode [implement obscured scores and randomized sorting]. created_utc - Time the submission was created, represented in Unix Time. domain - Domain of submission. edited - If the post is edited or not. full_link - Link of the post on the subreddit. id - ID of the submission. is_self - Whether or not the submission is a self post (text-only). link_flair_css_class - CSS Class used to identify the flair. link_flair_text - Flair on the post or The link flair’s text content. locked - Whether or not the submission has been locked. num_comments - The number of comments on the submission. over_18 - Whether or not the submission has been marked as NSFW. permalink - A permalink for the submission. retrieved_on - time ingested. score - The number of upvotes for the submission. description - Description of the Submission. spoiler - Whether or not the submission has been marked as a spoiler. stickied - Whether or not the submission is stickied. thumbnail - Thumbnail of Submission. question - Question Asked in the Submission. url - The URL the submission links to, or the permalink if a self post. year - Year of the Submission. banned - Banned by the moderator or not.

This dataset can be used for Flair Prediction, NSFW Classification, and different Text Mining/NLP tasks. Exploratory Data Analysis can also be done to get the insights and see the trend and patterns over the years.

Cleaning efficacy study, for surfaces contaminated with SARS-Co-2. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Nelson, S., R. Hardison, R. Limmer, J. Marx, B.M. Taylor, R. James, M. Stewart, S. Lee, W. Calfee, S. Ryan, and M. Howard. Efficacy of Detergent-Based Cleaning and Wiping against SARS-CoV-2 on High Touch Surfaces. Letters in Applied Microbiology. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, USA, 76(3): ovad033, (2023).

Species occurrence data are foundational for research, conservation, and science communication, but the limited availability and accessibility of reliable data represents a major obstacle, particularly for insects, which face mounting pressures. We present BeeBDC, a new R package, and a global bee occurrence dataset to address this issue. We combined >18.3 million bee occurrence records from multiple public repositories (GBIF, SCAN, iDigBio, USGS, ALA) and smaller datasets, then standardised, flagged, deduplicated, and cleaned the data using the reproducible BeeBDCR-workflow. Specifically, we harmonised species names (following established global taxonomy), country names, and collection dates and we added record-level flags for a series of potential quality issues. These data are provided in two formats, “cleaned” and “flagged-but-uncleaned”. The BeeBDC package with online documentation provides end users the ability to modify filtering parameters to address their research questions. By publishing reproducible R workflows and globally cleaned datasets, we can increase the accessibility and reliability of downstream analyses. This workflow can be implemented for other taxa to support research and conservation.

The LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus)

April 2020 by Neslihan Suzen, PhD student at the University of Leicester (ns433@leicester.ac.uk) Supervised by Prof Alexander Gorban and Dr Evgeny MirkesThe data are extracted from the Web of Science [1]. You may not copy or distribute these data in whole or in part without the written consent of Clarivate Analytics.[Version 2] A further cleaning is applied in Data Processing for LSC Abstracts in Version 1*. Details of cleaning procedure are explained in Step 6.* Suzen, Neslihan (2019): LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus). figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.9449639.v1.Getting StartedThis text provides the information on the LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus) and pre-processing steps on abstracts, and describes the structure of files to organise the corpus. This corpus is created to be used in future work on the quantification of the meaning of research texts and make it available for use in Natural Language Processing projects.LSC is a collection of abstracts of articles and proceeding papers published in 2014, and indexed by the Web of Science (WoS) database [1]. The corpus contains only documents in English. Each document in the corpus contains the following parts:1. Authors: The list of authors of the paper2. Title: The title of the paper 3. Abstract: The abstract of the paper 4. Categories: One or more category from the list of categories [2]. Full list of categories is presented in file ‘List_of _Categories.txt’. 5. Research Areas: One or more research area from the list of research areas [3]. Full list of research areas is presented in file ‘List_of_Research_Areas.txt’. 6. Total Times cited: The number of times the paper was cited by other items from all databases within Web of Science platform [4] 7. Times cited in Core Collection: The total number of times the paper was cited by other papers within the WoS Core Collection [4]The corpus was collected in July 2018 online and contains the number of citations from publication date to July 2018. We describe a document as the collection of information (about a paper) listed above. The total number of documents in LSC is 1,673,350.Data ProcessingStep 1: Downloading of the Data Online

The dataset is collected manually by exporting documents as Tab-delimitated files online. All documents are available online.Step 2: Importing the Dataset to R

The LSC was collected as TXT files. All documents are extracted to R.Step 3: Cleaning the Data from Documents with Empty Abstract or without CategoryAs our research is based on the analysis of abstracts and categories, all documents with empty abstracts and documents without categories are removed.Step 4: Identification and Correction of Concatenate Words in AbstractsEspecially medicine-related publications use ‘structured abstracts’. Such type of abstracts are divided into sections with distinct headings such as introduction, aim, objective, method, result, conclusion etc. Used tool for extracting abstracts leads concatenate words of section headings with the first word of the section. For instance, we observe words such as ConclusionHigher and ConclusionsRT etc. The detection and identification of such words is done by sampling of medicine-related publications with human intervention. Detected concatenate words are split into two words. For instance, the word ‘ConclusionHigher’ is split into ‘Conclusion’ and ‘Higher’.The section headings in such abstracts are listed below:

Background Method(s) Design Theoretical Measurement(s) Location Aim(s) Methodology Process Abstract Population Approach Objective(s) Purpose(s) Subject(s) Introduction Implication(s) Patient(s) Procedure(s) Hypothesis Measure(s) Setting(s) Limitation(s) Discussion Conclusion(s) Result(s) Finding(s) Material (s) Rationale(s) Implications for health and nursing policyStep 5: Extracting (Sub-setting) the Data Based on Lengths of AbstractsAfter correction, the lengths of abstracts are calculated. ‘Length’ indicates the total number of words in the text, calculated by the same rule as for Microsoft Word ‘word count’ [5].According to APA style manual [6], an abstract should contain between 150 to 250 words. In LSC, we decided to limit length of abstracts from 30 to 500 words in order to study documents with abstracts of typical length ranges and to avoid the effect of the length to the analysis.

Step 6: [Version 2] Cleaning Copyright Notices, Permission polices, Journal Names and Conference Names from LSC Abstracts in Version 1Publications can include a footer of copyright notice, permission policy, journal name, licence, author’s right or conference name below the text of abstract by conferences and journals. Used tool for extracting and processing abstracts in WoS database leads to attached such footers to the text. For example, our casual observation yields that copyright notices such as ‘Published by Elsevier ltd.’ is placed in many texts. To avoid abnormal appearances of words in further analysis of words such as bias in frequency calculation, we performed a cleaning procedure on such sentences and phrases in abstracts of LSC version 1. We removed copyright notices, names of conferences, names of journals, authors’ rights, licenses and permission policies identified by sampling of abstracts.Step 7: [Version 2] Re-extracting (Sub-setting) the Data Based on Lengths of AbstractsThe cleaning procedure described in previous step leaded to some abstracts having less than our minimum length criteria (30 words). 474 texts were removed.Step 8: Saving the Dataset into CSV FormatDocuments are saved into 34 CSV files. In CSV files, the information is organised with one record on each line and parts of abstract, title, list of authors, list of categories, list of research areas, and times cited is recorded in fields.To access the LSC for research purposes, please email to ns433@le.ac.uk.References[1]Web of Science. (15 July). Available: https://apps.webofknowledge.com/ [2]WoS Subject Categories. Available: https://images.webofknowledge.com/WOKRS56B5/help/WOS/hp_subject_category_terms_tasca.html [3]Research Areas in WoS. Available: https://images.webofknowledge.com/images/help/WOS/hp_research_areas_easca.html [4]Times Cited in WoS Core Collection. (15 July). Available: https://support.clarivate.com/ScientificandAcademicResearch/s/article/Web-of-Science-Times-Cited-accessibility-and-variation?language=en_US [5]Word Count. Available: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/show-word-count-3c9e6a11-a04d-43b4-977c-563a0e0d5da3 [6]A. P. Association, Publication manual. American Psychological Association Washington, DC, 1983.

The datasets presented here were partially used in “Formulation and MIP-heuristics for the lot sizing and scheduling problem with temporal cleanings” (Toscano, A., Ferreira, D. , Morabito, R. , Computers & Chemical Engineering) [1], in “A decomposition heuristic to solve the two-stage lot sizing and scheduling problem with temporal cleaning” (Toscano, A., Ferreira, D. , Morabito, R. , Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal) [2], and in “A heuristic approach to optimize the production scheduling of fruit-based beverages” (Toscano et al., Gestão & Produção, 2020) [3]. In fruit-based production processes, there are two production stages: preparation tanks and production lines. This production process has some process-specific characteristics, such as temporal cleanings and synchrony between the two production stages, which make optimized production planning and scheduling even more difficult. In this sense, some papers in the literature have proposed different methods to solve this problem. To the best of our knowledge, there are no standard datasets used by researchers in the literature in order to verify the accuracy and performance of proposed methods or to be a benchmark for other researchers considering this problem. The authors have been using small data sets that do not satisfactorily represent different scenarios of production. Since the demand in the beverage sector is seasonal, a wide range of scenarios enables us to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in the scientific literature in solving real scenarios of the problem. The datasets presented here include data based on real data collected from five beverage companies. We presented four datasets that are specifically constructed assuming a scenario of restricted capacity and balanced costs. These dataset is supplementary data for the submitted paper to Data in Brief [4]. [1] Toscano, A., Ferreira, D., Morabito, R., Formulation and MIP-heuristics for the lot sizing and scheduling problem with temporal cleanings, Computers & Chemical Engineering. 142 (2020) 107038. Doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.107038. [2] Toscano, A., Ferreira, D., Morabito, R., A decomposition heuristic to solve the two-stage lot sizing and scheduling problem with temporal cleaning, Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. 31 (2019) 142-173. Doi: 10.1007/s10696-017-9303-9. [3] Toscano, A., Ferreira, D., Morabito, R., Trassi, M. V. C., A heuristic approach to optimize the production scheduling of fruit-based beverages. Gestão & Produção, 27(4), e4869, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X4869-20. [4] Piñeros, J., Toscano, A., Ferreira, D., Morabito, R., Datasets for lot sizing and scheduling problems in the fruit-based beverage production process. Data in Brief (2021).

Abstract

The dataset is a relational dataset of 8,000 households households, representing a sample of the population of an imaginary middle-income country. The dataset contains two data files: one with variables at the household level, the other one with variables at the individual level. It includes variables that are typically collected in population censuses (demography, education, occupation, dwelling characteristics, fertility, mortality, and migration) and in household surveys (household expenditure, anthropometric data for children, assets ownership). The data only includes ordinary households (no community households). The dataset was created using REaLTabFormer, a model that leverages deep learning methods. The dataset was created for the purpose of training and simulation and is not intended to be representative of any specific country.

The full-population dataset (with about 10 million individuals) is also distributed as open data.

Geographic coverage

The dataset is a synthetic dataset for an imaginary country. It was created to represent the population of this country by province (equivalent to admin1) and by urban/rural areas of residence.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Universe

The dataset is a fully-synthetic dataset representative of the resident population of ordinary households for an imaginary middle-income country.

Kind of data

ssd

Sampling procedure

The sample size was set to 8,000 households. The fixed number of households to be selected from each enumeration area was set to 25. In a first stage, the number of enumeration areas to be selected in each stratum was calculated, proportional to the size of each stratum (stratification by geo_1 and urban/rural). Then 25 households were randomly selected within each enumeration area. The R script used to draw the sample is provided as an external resource.

Mode of data collection

other

Research instrument

The dataset is a synthetic dataset. Although the variables it contains are variables typically collected from sample surveys or population censuses, no questionnaire is available for this dataset. A "fake" questionnaire was however created for the sample dataset extracted from this dataset, to be used as training material.

Cleaning operations

The synthetic data generation process included a set of "validators" (consistency checks, based on which synthetic observation were assessed and rejected/replaced when needed). Also, some post-processing was applied to the data to result in the distributed data files.

Response rate

This is a synthetic dataset; the "response rate" is 100%.

Data set consisting of data joined for analyzing the SBIR/STTR program. Data consists of individual awards and agency-level observations. The R and python code required for pulling, cleaning, and creating useful data sets has been included. Allard_Get and Clean Data.R This file provides the code for getting, cleaning, and joining the numerous data sets that this project combined. This code is written in the R language and can be used in any R environment running R 3.5.1 or higher. If the other files in this Dataverse are downloaded to the working directory, then this Rcode will be able to replicate the original study without needing the user to update any file paths. Allard SBIR STTR WebScraper.py This is the code I deployed to multiple Amazon EC2 instances to scrape data o each individual award in my data set, including the contact info and DUNS data. Allard_Analysis_APPAM SBIR project Forthcoming Allard_Spatial Analysis Forthcoming Awards_SBIR_df.Rdata This unique data set consists of 89,330 observations spanning the years 1983 - 2018 and accounting for all eleven SBIR/STTR agencies. This data set consists of data collected from the Small Business Administration's Awards API and also unique data collected through web scraping by the author. Budget_SBIR_df.Rdata 246 observations for 20 agencies across 25 years of their budget-performance in the SBIR/STTR program. Data was collected from the Small Business Administration using the Annual Reports Dashboard, the Awards API, and an author-designed web crawler of the websites of awards. Solicit_SBIR-df.Rdata This data consists of observations of solicitations published by agencies for the SBIR program. This data was collected from the SBA Solicitations API. Primary Sources Small Business Administration. “Annual Reports Dashboard,” 2018. https://www.sbir.gov/awards/annual-reports. Small Business Administration. “SBIR Awards Data,” 2018. https://www.sbir.gov/api. Small Business Administration. “SBIR Solicit Data,” 2018. https://www.sbir.gov/api.

This data set contains the scripts used for importing, trimming, cleaning, analysing, and plotting a large dataset of inclination experiments with an SOFC module. The measurement data is confidential, so it could not be published alongside the scripts. One row of dummy input data is published to illustrate the structure of the analysed data. The analysis is used for the journal paper "Experimental Evaluation of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Exposed to Inclinations and Accelerations by Ship Motions".

The scripts contain:

- A script that reads the data, removes unusable data and transforms into analysable dataframes (Clean and trim.R)

- Two files to make a wide variety of plots (Plotting.R and Specificplots.R)

- A file data does a Gaussian Progress regression to estimate the degradation rate (Degradation estimation.R)

AI in Data Cleaning Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global AI in Data Cleaning market size reached USD 1.82 billion in 2024, demonstrating remarkable momentum driven by the exponential growth of data-driven enterprises. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 28.1% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 17.73 billion by 2033. This exceptional growth trajectory is primarily fueled by increasing data volumes, the urgent need for high-quality datasets, and the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies across diverse industries.

The surging demand for automated data management solutions remains a key growth driver for the AI in Data Cleaning market. As organizations generate and collect massive volumes of structured and unstructured data, manual data cleaning processes have become insufficient, error-prone, and costly. AI-powered data cleaning tools address these challenges by leveraging machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and pattern recognition to efficiently identify, correct, and eliminate inconsistencies, duplicates, and inaccuracies. This automation not only enhances data quality but also significantly reduces operational costs and improves decision-making capabilities, making AI-based solutions indispensable for enterprises aiming to achieve digital transformation and maintain a competitive edge.

Another crucial factor propelling market expansion is the growing emphasis on regulatory compliance and data governance. Sectors such as BFSI, healthcare, and government are subject to stringent data privacy and accuracy regulations, including GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA. AI in data cleaning enables these industries to ensure data integrity, minimize compliance risks, and maintain audit trails, thereby safeguarding sensitive information and building stakeholder trust. Furthermore, the proliferation of cloud computing and advanced analytics platforms has made AI-powered data cleaning solutions more accessible, scalable, and cost-effective, further accelerating adoption across small, medium, and large enterprises.

The increasing integration of AI in data cleaning with other emerging technologies such as big data analytics, IoT, and robotic process automation (RPA) is unlocking new avenues for market growth. By embedding AI-driven data cleaning processes into end-to-end data pipelines, organizations can streamline data preparation, enable real-time analytics, and support advanced use cases like predictive modeling and personalized customer experiences. Strategic partnerships, investments in R&D, and the rise of specialized AI startups are also catalyzing innovation in this space, making AI in data cleaning a cornerstone of the broader data management ecosystem.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to lead the global AI in Data Cleaning market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The region’s dominance is attributed to the presence of major technology vendors, robust digital infrastructure, and high adoption rates of AI and cloud technologies. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is witnessing the fastest growth, propelled by rapid digitalization, expanding IT sectors, and increasing investments in AI-driven solutions by enterprises in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Europe remains a significant market, supported by strict data protection regulations and a mature enterprise landscape. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as promising markets, albeit at a relatively nascent stage, with growing awareness and gradual adoption of AI-powered data cleaning solutions.

Component Analysis

The AI in Data Cleaning market is broadly segmented by component into software and services, with each segment playing a pivotal role in shaping the industry’s evolution. The software segment dominates the market, driven by the rapid adoption of advanced AI-based data cleaning platforms that automate complex data preparation tasks. These platforms leverage sophisticated algorithms to detect anomalies, standardize formats, and enrich datasets, thereby enabling organizations to maintain high-quality data repositories. The increasing demand for self-service data cleaning software, which empowers business users to cleanse data without extensive IT intervention, is further fueling growth in this segment. Vendors are continuously enhancing their offerings with intuitive interfaces, integration capabilities, and support for diverse data sources to cater to a wide r

Damsak Food Beverage Tourism Cleaning N Teks R Sn Ve T Limited Export Import Data. Follow the Eximpedia platform for HS code, importer-exporter records, and customs shipment details.

View details of Reliable Trade Inc Buyer and Weifang Mali R Cleaning Supplies C Hongwei Supplier data to US (United States) with product description, price, date, quantity, major us ports, countries and more.

Data presented here are those collected from a survey of Ecology professors at 48 undergraduate institutions to assess the current state of data management education. The following files have been uploaded:

Scripts(2): 1. DataCleaning_20120105.R is an R script for cleaning up data prior to analysis. This script removes spaces, substitutes text for codes, removed duplicate schools, and converts questions and answers from the survey into more simple parameter names, without any numbers, spaces, or symbols. This script is heavily annotated to assist the user of the file in understanding what is being done to the data files. The script produces the file cleandata_[date].Rdata, which is called in the file DataTrimming_20120105.R 2. DataTrimming_20120105.R is an R script for trimming extraneous variables not used in final analyses. Some variables are combined as needed and NAs (no answers) are removed. The file is heavily annotated. It produces trimdata_[date].Rdata, which was imported into Excel for summary statistics.

Data files (3) 3. AdvancedSpreadsheet_20110526.csv is the output file from the SurveyMonkey online survey tool used for this project. It is a .csv sheet with the complete set of survey data, although some data (e.g., open-ended responses, institution names) are removed to prevent schools and/or instructors from being identifiable. This file is read into DataCleaning_20120105.R for cleaning and editing. 4. VariableRenaming_20110711.csv is called into the DataCleaning_20120105.R script to convert the questions and answers from the survey into simple parameter names, without any numbers, spaces, or symbols. 5. ParamTable.csv is a list of the parameter names used for analysis and the value codes. It can be used to understand outputs from the scripts above (cleandata_[date].Rdata and trimdata_[date].Rdata).

Japan Outbound Tourism Consumption: C&R: Cleaning data was reported at 0.000 JPY bn in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 JPY bn for 2015. Japan Outbound Tourism Consumption: C&R: Cleaning data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 JPY bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2016, with 12 observations. Japan Outbound Tourism Consumption: C&R: Cleaning data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.Q014: Outbound Tourism Consumption.

Microarray publications and publication attributes157 columns of attributes for 11603 publications identified as creating gene expression microarray data. Tab delimited. Key: PubMed identifier (pmid). See stats.R for data cleaning steps and more details on variables. Data collected in January 2010 using code available at http://github.com/hpiwowar/pypubrawdata.txtJournal policy details for microarray dataData sharing policy details for journals that publish a lot of gene expression microarray data. Policy links, excerpts, and classifications (24 columns) for 156 journals. Some of these classifications are included as columns in rawdata.txt as journal policy attributes.journal_policies_microarray_data.csvStatistical analysis R scriptR script for data cleaning, statistical analysis, and graphics as presented in the paper. Takes rawdata.txt as input and loads helper_functions.R source.stats.RHelper R script functionsHelper functions loaded by stats.R for analysis and graphical output...

The data and analytical support the Master's thesis submitted by Hana Remesova at the University of Primorska Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Information Technologies. The .csv files are data files, the .Rmd file is an R markdown which can be run. The product of knitting the .Rmd file is the .html.

Surveys from Carpentries style workshops the results of which are presented in the accompanying manuscript.

Pre- and post-workshop surveys for each workshop (Introduction to R, Intermediate R, Data Wrangling in R, Data Visualization in R) were collected via Google Form.

The surveys administered for the fall 2018, spring 2019 academic year are included as pre_workshop_survey and post_workshop_assessment PDF files. 
The raw versions of these data are included in the Excel files ending in survey_raw or assessment_raw.

  The data files whose name includes survey contain raw data from pre-workshop surveys and the data files whose name includes assessment contain raw data from the post-workshop assessment survey.


The annotated RMarkdown files used to clean the pre-workshop surveys and post-workshop assessments are included as workshop_survey_cleaning and workshop_assessment_cleaning, r...