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Dashboard with information on crime incidents including a map of crimes, insights on time of day and day of week, a year-over-year comparison, and more.Crime incidents starting with incidents reported in 2016. Note: crimes that occurred before 2016 are included if the date reported was in 2016 or later. The data provided is the latest available information and is updated regularly as statistics change. For access to comprehensive reports, kindly submit a public record request by clicking here. The City strives to provide the highest-quality information on this platform. The content on this website is provided as a public service, on an ‘as is’ basis. The City makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee of any type as to the content, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose or use of any public data provided on this portal; nor shall any such warranty be implied, including, without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The City assumes no liability by making data available to the public or other departments.Update FrequencyDaily around 8:30AM ESTThis application is related to the following items:Crime Incidents DatasetCrime Incidents MapContactsCity of Cleveland, Division of PoliceHow to Use the DashboardUse the filters on the left side of the dashboard to filter the data included in the dashboard. Use the "Click to Reset Filters" button to remove all filters.Modify the date range in the top right corner of the dashboard.Hover over a point on the map to view more detail on the incident.Use the tabs at the bottom of the dashboard to navigate to different pages.Click a point on a map or chart to highlight it. Click it again to undo.
In 2023, around 3,640.56 violent crimes per 100,000 residents were reported in Oakland, California. This made Oakland the most dangerous city in the United States in that year. Four categories of violent crimes were used: murder and non-negligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; and aggravated assault. Only cities with a population of at least 200,000 were considered.
With approximately 122.1 crimes per 1,000 population, Cleveland, in North East England, had the highest crime rate of all the police force areas in England and Wales in 2024/25. High crime rates are evident in other areas of northern England, such as West Yorkshire and Greater Manchester at 114.5 and 108.2, respectively. In the UK capital, London, the crime rate was 105.5 per 1,000 people. The lowest crime rate in England was in the relatively rural areas of Wiltshire in South West England, as well as North Yorkshire. Overall crime in England and Wales The number of crimes in England and Wales reached approximately 6.74 million in 2022/23, falling slightly to 6.66 million in 2023/24, and 6.59 million in 2024/25. Overall crime has been rising steadily across England and Wales for almost a decade, even when adjusted for population rises. In 2022/23, for example, the crime rate in England and Wales was 93.6, the highest since 2006/07. When compared with the rest of the United Kingdom, England and Wales is something of an outlier, as crime rates for Scotland and Northern Ireland have not followed the same trajectory of rising crime. Additionally, there has been a sharp increase in violent crimes and sexual offences since the mid-2010s in England and Wales. While theft offences have generally been falling, the number of shoplifting offences reached a peak of 530,640 in 2024/25. Troubled justice system under pressure Alongside rising crime figures, many indicators also signal that the justice system is getting pushed to breaking point. The percentage of crimes that are solved in England and Wales was just 5.7 percent in 2023, with sexual offences having a clearance rate of just 3.6 percent. Crimes are also taking far longer than usual to pass through the justice system. In 2022, it took an average of 407 days for a crown court case to reach a conclusion from the time of the offence, compared with 233 days in 2018. This is most likely related to the large backlog of cases in crown courts, which reached over 67,750 in 2023. Furthermore, prisons in England and Wales are dangerously overcrowded, with the government even releasing some prisoners early to address the issue.
https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de437493https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de437493
Abstract (en): This study investigated changes in the geographic concentration of drug crimes in Cleveland from 1990 to 2001. The study looked at both the locations of drug incidents and where drug offenders lived in order to explore factors that bring residents from one neighborhood into other neighborhoods to engage in drug-related activities. This study was based on data collected for the 224 census tracts in Cleveland, Ohio, in the 1990 decennial Census for the years 1990 to 1997 and 1999 to 2001. Data on drug crimes for 1990 to 1997 and 1999 to 2001 were obtained from Cleveland Police Department (CPD) arrest records and used to produce counts of the number of drug offenses that occurred in each tract in each year and the number of arrestees for drug offenses who lived in each tract. Other variables include counts and rates of other crimes committed in each census tract in each year, the social characteristics and housing conditions of each census tract, and net migration for each census tract. This study investigated changes in the geographic concentration of drug crimes in Cleveland from 1990 to 2001. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to identify neighborhoods in which drug crimes were concentrated and neighborhoods where persons arrested for drug crimes resided, (2) to describe changes in concentrations of drug offending over time, and (3) to explain changes in patterns of drug offending in relation to changes in the social and physical structure of neighborhoods. The study looked at both the locations of drug incidents and where drug offenders lived in order to explore factors that bring residents from one neighborhood into other neighborhoods to engage in drug-related activities. This study used data collected for the 224 census tracts in Cleveland, Ohio, in the 1990 decennial census for the years 1990 to 1997 and 1999 to 2001. All of the data other than the United States Census data and the drug crime data are available on-line from the Center on Urban Poverty and Social Change's community database, Cleveland Area Network for Data and Organizing (CAN DO). Data on drug crimes for 1990 to 1997 and 1999 to 2001 were obtained from Cleveland Police Department (CPD) arrest records. These records provided the address of the incident and the residential address of the person arrested. These addresses were geocoded into their 1990 census tracts, with a match rate of over 95 percent, to produce counts of the number of drug trafficking and possession incidents occurring within each tract in each year and the number of arrestees for drug trafficking and possession living in each tract. (Users should note that no geocoded data are included in this dataset.) In 1998 the CPD changed the way that drug crimes were recorded, and the accuracy with which types of drug crimes were reported was significantly reduced. As a result, while data on the total number of drug incidents in census tracts were available for the entire length of the study, data on whether these incidents involved drug trafficking or possession were only available for 1990 to 1997. CPD arrest records for non-drug crimes and Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court data were used to produce count and rate data on non-drug crimes for each census tract. Data on the social characteristics and housing conditions of each census tract were gathered from the 1990 and 2000 Censuses. Migration into and out of each tract between 1990 and 2000 was estimated using 1990 and 2000 Census population counts and Ohio Department of Health vital statistics data on births and deaths from 1990 to 2000. Data on the number of schools in each census tract were obtained from the Cleveland Municipal School District. Several sources of data were used to develop measures of the physical characteristics of areas. These included the Cuyahoga County Auditor's parcel-level data (from 1990 to 2000) on land-use patterns, characteristics of dwellings, tax delinquencies, and assessed value, and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data (for 1992 to 2001) on home purchase loans and home improvement loans. Variables include 1990 census tract number, year, the City of Cleveland Statistical Planning Area that each census tract belonged to, counts and rates of violent crimes, robberies, robberies with firearms, burglaries committed by adults in each census tract in each year, robberies and violent crimes committed by juveniles in each census tract in each year, number of drug trafficking and possession in...
London had the highest crime rate among regions of the United Kingdom in 2024/25, at approximately ***** crimes per 1,000 population, followed by Yorkshire and the Humber, at ***** crimes per 1,000 people. On a more local level, the police force area with the highest crime rate in England and Wales was that of Cleveland, in North East England. Although London had the fifth-highest crime rate among police force areas, it was lower than the crime rates of the West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, and South Yorkshire police force areas as well. Is crime in the UK rising? Between the early 2000s and the mid-2010s, crime in the UK declined quite significantly. The crime rates of England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all fell during this time period. From around 2013/14, however the crime rate in England and Wales began to rise again, approaching levels seen in the 2000s. In Scotland and Northern Ireland crime also stopped declining at the same rate, although there was no sudden increase as seen in England and Wales. Without adjusting for population-size, the overall number of crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales reached a peak of around 6.74 million offences in 2022/23, falling slightly in the two years since then. What kinds of crime are increasing? Although overall crime levels have increased, some types of crime have continued to decline. Overall theft offences for example, are far lower than in the 2000s. This is partly due to the decline in burglaries, and vehicle theft offences. Shoplifting offences, by contrast have spiked since the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching a peak of over ******* offences in 2024/25. Additionally, the number of violence against the person offences surged from 2014/15 onwards, with the number of sexual offences also at far higher levels than in the recent past.
For the latest data tables see ‘Police recorded crime and outcomes open data tables’.
These historic data tables contain figures up to September 2024 for:
There are counting rules for recorded crime to help to ensure that crimes are recorded consistently and accurately.
These tables are designed to have many uses. The Home Office would like to hear from any users who have developed applications for these data tables and any suggestions for future releases. Please contact the Crime Analysis team at crimeandpolicestats@homeoffice.gov.uk.
Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
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Police recorded crime figures by Police Force Area and Community Safety Partnership areas (which equate in the majority of instances, to local authorities).
In the 2024/25 reporting year there were 3.4 sexual offences per 1,000 population in England and Wales, with Cleveland police force reporting the highest rate of 4.7 sexual crimes per 1,000 people.
There were approximately 6.59 million crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales in 2024/25, compared with approximately 6.66 million in the previous reporting year. Although there was a slight decline on the previous two reporting years, 2024/25 saw the third-highest number of crimes recorded in the provided time period, with the dip in crime figures reported in 2020/21 due to the COVID-19 restrictions in place throughout that reporting year. In general, the number of crime offenses in England and Wales increased at a fairly rapid pace from 2014 onward, rising from just over four million to a peak of 6.74 million offences in 2022/23. Reversing the trend after a decade of cuts The uptick in crime since the mid-2010s has led to serious questions about how to further reverse this trend and if the police have enough manpower and resources to counter it. Due to austerity measures pursued by the 2010 coalition government, police forces had to contend with fewer resources, leading to cuts in personnel. Between 2010 and 2017, officer numbers across the UK were reduced by 22,000 In more recent years, public sector expenditure on the police force has started to increase and reached 27.3 billion British pounds in 2023/24. As of 2024, there were around 170,500 police officers in the UK, 1,500 fewer than in 2010. Crime rates are highest in Northern England In 2024/25, the police force area with the highest crime rate in this year was Cleveland, located in the North East of England, which had approximately 122 crimes per 1,000 people, compared with the England and Wales average of 87.2. After Cleveland, the highest crime rates were reported by forces that are responsible for policing major UK cities, such as West Yorkshire Police, Greater Manchester, South Yorkshire, and the Metropolitan Police in London. The areas with the lowest crime rates are typically more rural in nature, such as Wiltshire, which had the lowest crime rate in this reporting year.
There were approximately 530,640 shoplifting offences recorded by the police in England and Wales in 2024/25, the highest in this provided time period. Although the annual number of shoplifting offences remained quite stable before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a slight trend of rising offences that reached a pre-pandemic peak of around 382,660 in 2017/18. The 2020/21 and 2021/20 reporting years are not directly comparable to the other reporting years due to COVID-19 lockdowns that occurred at that time. Areas with the highest shoplifting rate In 2024/25, the shoplifting rate for England and Wales as a whole was 8.7 shoplifting offences per 1,000 population. Looking at individual police force areas, the area covered by Cleveland Police Force in North East England had the highest shoplifting rate of 14.2, followed by Nottinghamshire Police Force, in the East Midlands, at 13. By contrast, the Dyfed-Powys Police Force Area, in Wales had the lowest shoplifting rate of just 3.9 offences per 1,000 population. Although Cleveland also had the highest overall crime rate in England and Wales, and Dyfed-Powys had one of the lowest, Nottinghamshire's crime rate was slightly below the overall average, despite having such a high shoplifting rate. Comparisons with other theft offences Shoplifting is one of the major sub-categories of theft in the jurisdiction of England and Wales. Although shoplifting offences have increased significantly recently, the number of theft offences overall has generally been falling. In 2002/03 for example, there were approximately 3.41 million incidences of theft, compared with just 1.78 million in 2024/25. This trend has been driven by declines in other types of crime, such as burglary and motor vehicle theft which have both fallen considerably when compared to the early 2000s. The sharp increase of fraud offences also reflects how the nature of property crime has evolved in recent years.
There were 938,020 crimes recorded in London in the 2023/24 reporting year, compared with 887,870 in the previous year. During this time period, crime in London increased steadily, with the figure of 912,487 in 2019/20 a previous peak when there were approximately 102.4 crimes per 1,000 people taking place in the UK capital, compared with 105.8 crimes per 1,000 people in the most recent year. What types of crime are rising? Compared with crime levels before the COVID-19 pandemic, some types of crime have yet to reach the same levels they were at in the 2019/20 reporting year. The number of criminal offences related to theft and drugs, are slightly down in 2023/24 when compared with pre-pandemic trends. On the other hand, the number of violent crimes reached a peak of 252,545 offences in 2023/24, while the number of sexual offences in London since 2021/22 has been far higher than in previous years. London compared to the rest of UK While the UK capital receives extensive coverage for its crime problems, the increase in crime there is part of a wider trend afflicting the rest of the country. The overall crime rate for England and Wales in 2023/24 was 89.7 crimes per 1,000 people, slightly lower than in 2022/23, when the crime rate was the highest since 2006/07. Additionally the Metropolitan Police, the police service responsible for policing Greater London had the sixth-highest crime rate among police force areas with Cleveland police force in North East England having the highest.
There were 116 homicides recorded by the police in London in the 2023/24 reporting year, compared with 112 in 2022/23. During this provided time period, 2017/18 had the most homicides in London at 159, with the fewest occurring in 2016/17, when there were 107. Comparisons with the rest of the UK With a homicide rate of 13.1 per million people, London had the highest homicide rate among UK regions in 2023/24. On a more localized level, the Metropolitan Police of Greater London reported a lower homicide rate than other police force areas that cover major cities, such as the West Midlands Police Force, while the highest homicide rate among UK police forces was in Cleveland, in North East England. Across England and Wales as a whole, the number of homicides in 2023/24 was 583, compared with 581 in the previous year. Knives the most common weapon used In 2022/23 there were 244 homicides in England and Wales involving a knife or other sharp instrument. As a comparison, there were just 29 homicides caused by a firearm in the same reporting year. While guns are generally difficult to obtain in the United Kingdom, knives are far more prevalent and have become a major problem for the police, particularly in London. The number of knife crime offences in London rose from 9,752 in 2015/16 to over 15,928 by 2019/20, before falling back recently, to 12,786 in 2022/23. Although 2023/24 saw a return to near pre-pandemic levels, with 15,016 offences.
2. Knife and offensive weapon offences overview
4. Offending History and Other Offences
5. Sentencing under Sentencing under section 315 of the Sentencing Act 2020
7. Future publications and contact details for any queries or feedback
This publication presents key statistics describing the trends in the number of offenders receiving cautions and convictions for
possession of an article with a blade or point
possession of an offensive weapon, or
threatening with either type of weapon
in England and Wales. Please note that cases still awaiting final decisions are no longer accounted for using estimation methodology. These are generally cases in the latest periods and are now counted as ‘other’ disposals until final decisions are made unless separately specified.
As well as this bulletin, the following products are published as part of this release:
ODS format tables containing data on knife or offensive weapon offences up to September 2021
An interactive table tool to look at previous offences involving possession of a blade, point or offensive weapon. The tool provides further breakdowns by gender, police identified ethnicity and prosecuting police force area. The data used in the tool is also included as a separate csv file.
An interactive https://moj-analytical-services.github.io/knife_possession_sankey/index.html" class="govuk-link">Sankey diagram looking at outcomes for offenders sentenced for these offences by whether or not they have a previous conviction or caution for possession of a blade, point or offensive weapon; which includes breakdowns by gender, age group and offence type.
The period covered by this publication includes the sixth quarter (July to September 2021) of data since restrictions were put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Comparisons between the latest year and 2020 will be affected by the pandemic, and quarterly comparisons and comparisons to 2019 may be used to highlight impacts where useful.
Point | Change | Commentary |
---|---|---|
The number of knife and offensive weapon offences dealt with by the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has increased after a dip in year ending September 2020. | Increase | In year ending September 2021 20,202 knife and offensive weapon offences were formally dealt with by the CJS. This is an increase of 10% since year ending September 2020, which includes the dip in Q2 2020 after COVID restrictions were imposed but is 10% lower than in year ending September 2019 before the start of the pandemic and similar to the level seen in year ending September 2017. |
The proportion of offenders receiving an immediate custodial sentence for a knife and offensive weapon offence decreased to 28% in year ending September 2021. | Decrease | This had been stable at around 36%-38% between year ending September 2017 and year ending September 2020 but then dropped in year ending September 2021. In this period there was a corresponding increase in the proportion of offenders receiving a suspended sentence or, to a lesser extent, a community sentence. |
For 72% of offenders this was their first knife or offensive weapon possession offence. | Decrease | The proportion of offenders for whom this is their first knife or offensive weapon possession offence has been decreasing over the last decade, from 77% in year ending September 2011 to 72% in year ending September 2021 but has been roughly stable since year ending September 2017. |
The average custodial sentence received by offenders sentenced under Section 315 of the Sentencing Act 2020 was 7.5 months in year ending September 2021 | Decrease</td |
In the 2024/25 reporting year, Lincolnshire Police reported a homicide rate of 17.9 homicides per million people, the highest among the provided police force areas in England in that reporting year.
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Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0https://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
License information was derived automatically
Dashboard with information on crime incidents including a map of crimes, insights on time of day and day of week, a year-over-year comparison, and more.Crime incidents starting with incidents reported in 2016. Note: crimes that occurred before 2016 are included if the date reported was in 2016 or later. The data provided is the latest available information and is updated regularly as statistics change. For access to comprehensive reports, kindly submit a public record request by clicking here. The City strives to provide the highest-quality information on this platform. The content on this website is provided as a public service, on an ‘as is’ basis. The City makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee of any type as to the content, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose or use of any public data provided on this portal; nor shall any such warranty be implied, including, without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The City assumes no liability by making data available to the public or other departments.Update FrequencyDaily around 8:30AM ESTThis application is related to the following items:Crime Incidents DatasetCrime Incidents MapContactsCity of Cleveland, Division of PoliceHow to Use the DashboardUse the filters on the left side of the dashboard to filter the data included in the dashboard. Use the "Click to Reset Filters" button to remove all filters.Modify the date range in the top right corner of the dashboard.Hover over a point on the map to view more detail on the incident.Use the tabs at the bottom of the dashboard to navigate to different pages.Click a point on a map or chart to highlight it. Click it again to undo.