Climate Data Online is a collection of climatic data that offers public access and consumption via discovery and ordering services. The data available through CDO is available at no charge and can be viewed online or ordered and delivered to your email inbox.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Other Collections. The data include parameters of database with a geographic location of . The time period coverage is from Unavailable begin date to Unavailable end date in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

Global Surface Summary of the Day is derived from The Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) dataset. The ISH dataset includes global data obtained from the USAF Climatology Center, located in the Federal Climate Complex with NCDC. The latest daily summary data are normally available 1-2 days after the date-time of the observations used in the daily summaries. The online data files begin with 1929 and are at the time of this writing at the Version 8 software level. Over 9000 stations' data are typically available. The daily elements included in the dataset (as available from each station) are: Mean temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Mean dew point (.1 Fahrenheit) Mean sea level pressure (.1 mb) Mean station pressure (.1 mb) Mean visibility (.1 miles) Mean wind speed (.1 knots) Maximum sustained wind speed (.1 knots) Maximum wind gust (.1 knots) Maximum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Minimum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Precipitation amount (.01 inches) Snow depth (.1 inches) Indicator for occurrence of: Fog, Rain or Drizzle, Snow or Ice Pellets, Hail, Thunder, Tornado/Funnel Cloud Global summary of day data for 18 surface meteorological elements are derived from the synoptic/hourly observations contained in USAF DATSAV3 Surface data and Federal Climate Complex Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH). Historical data are generally available for 1929 to the present, with data from 1973 to the present being the most complete. For some periods, one or more countries' data may not be available due to data restrictions or communications problems. In deriving the summary of day data, a minimum of 4 observations for the day must be present (allows for stations which report 4 synoptic observations/day). Since the data are converted to constant units (e.g, knots), slight rounding error from the originally reported values may occur (e.g, 9.9 instead of 10.0). The mean daily values described below are based on the hours of operation for the station. For some stations/countries, the visibility will sometimes 'cluster' around a value (such as 10 miles) due to the practice of not reporting visibilities greater than certain distances. The daily extremes and totals--maximum wind gust, precipitation amount, and snow depth--will only appear if the station reports the data sufficiently to provide a valid value. Therefore, these three elements will appear less frequently than other values. Also, these elements are derived from the stations' reports during the day, and may comprise a 24-hour period which includes a portion of the previous day. The data are reported and summarized based on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT, 0000Z - 2359Z) since the original synoptic/hourly data are reported and based on GMT.

NOAA's Climate Data Records (CDRs) are robust, sustainable, and scientifically sound climate records that provide trustworthy information on how, where, and to what extent the land, oceans, atmosphere and ice sheets are changing. These datasets are thoroughly vetted time series measurements with the longevity, consistency, and continuity to assess and measure climate variability and change. NOAA CDRs are vetted using standards established by the National Research Council (NRC).

Climate Data Records are created by merging data from surface, atmosphere, and space-based systems across decades. NOAA’s Climate Data Records provides authoritative and traceable long-term climate records. NOAA developed CDRs by applying modern data analysis methods to historical global satellite data. This process can clarify the underlying climate trends within the data and allows researchers and other users to identify economic and scientific value in these records. NCEI maintains and extends CDRs by applying the same methods to present-day and future satellite measurements.

Atmospheric Climate Data Records are measurements of several global variables to help characterize the atmosphere at or just above the land and ocean surface as well as other upper air composition variables.

Three datasets containing climate data, compiled in April 2011, have been purchased from the Bureau of Meteorology. These datasets include observations from stations in all Australian States and Territories. Each dataset includes a file which gives details of the stations where observations were made and a file describing the data. AWS Hourly Data contains hourly records of precipitation, air temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure, saturated vapour pressure, wind speed, wind direction, maximum wind gust, mean sea level pressure, station level pressure. Each record for each parameter is also flagged to indicate the quality of the value.Synoptic Data contains records of air temperature, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, mean sea level pressure, station level pressure, QNH pressure, vapour pressure and saturated vapour pressure. Each record for each parameter is also flagged to indicate the quality of the value.Daily Rainfall Data contains records precipitation in the 24 hours before 9 am, number of days of rain within the days of accumulation and the accumulated number of days over which the precipitation was measured. Each precipitation record is flagged to indicate the quality of the value.

Climate Data Online offers temperature, rainfall and solar exposure values, per day, and per month for each station, for all years that a Station has been operating and measuring that variable. …Show full descriptionClimate Data Online offers temperature, rainfall and solar exposure values, per day, and per month for each station, for all years that a Station has been operating and measuring that variable. Data is from both closed and open stations. Data timespans vary across stations. The earliest data is for Parramatta, commencing 1832. Data values are typically incorporated into CDO within 24 hours of the value being recorded, but QC of the data can take some time. The data's QC-status is indicated by the font (colour and italics). Rainfall: Daily rainfall Observations are nominally made at 9 am local clock time, and record the total for the previous 24 hours. Rainfall includes all forms of precipitation that reach the ground, such as rain, drizzle, hail and snow. For more information, see: [ About daily rainfall data: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0009.shtml ] and ["About rain data: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-rain-data.shtml ] and [ About measuring rain: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/rain-measure.shtml ]. The Monthly rainfall data is the total of all available Daily rainfall for the month. Rainfall includes all forms of precipitation that reach the ground, such as rain, drizzle, hail and snow. [ More information about monthly rainfall data: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0001.shtml ]. More information about Temperature measurements : [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-airtemp-data.shtml ]. Temperature (Daily maximum or minimum): The Daily minimum or maximum air temperature is nominally recorded at 9 am local clock time. The daily maximum air temperature is the highest temperature for the 24 hours leading up to the observation, and is recorded as the maximum temperature for the previous day. The daily minimum air temperature is the lowest temperature for the 24 hours leading up to the observation, and is recorded as the minimum temperature for the day on which the observation was made. Temperature data prior to 1910 should be used with extreme caution as many stations prior to that date used non-standard shelters. [See: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0011.shtml (minT) and http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0010.shtml (maxT) ] Temperature (Mean minimum or maximum, per month) : The Monthly mean minimum (or maximum) temperature is the average of all available daily minima (or maxima) for the month. For detail of daily Temperature, see above. [ For more detail on Mean minimum or maximum, per month, see : http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0002.shtml ] Temperature (Lowest or Highest per month, for each month) : The Monthly highest (or Lowest) temperature is the highest (or lowest) of all available daily maxima (or minima) for the month. For detail of daily Temperature, see above. [ For more details, see: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0006.shtml ] Temperature (Lowest Maximum or Highest Minimum temperature per month, for each month) : The Monthly lowest maximum (or highest minimum) temperature is the lowest (or highest) of all available daily maxima (or minima) for the month. For detail of daily Temperature, see above. Solar Exposure (Daily): The Daily global solar exposure (per station) is the total solar energy for a day falling on a horizontal surface. It is measured from midnight to midnight. The values are usually highest in clear sun conditions during the summer and lowest during winter or very cloudy days. Units of Measurements are MJ/m2. The Monthly mean daily global solar exposure is the average of all available daily Solar Exposure for the month. For more details about the Daily Solar Exposure product, see: [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0016.shtml ]. Info about solar exposure: [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/austmaps/solar-radiation-glossary.shtml#globalexposure ; For more details about the Monthly Sol.Exp product, see: [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0003.shtml ].

The NOAA Weather and Climate Toolkit is an application that provides simple visualization and data export of weather and climatological data archived at NCDC. The Toolkit also provides access to weather and climate web services provided from NCDC and other organizations. The Viewer provides tools for displaying custom data overlay, Web Map Services (WMS), animations and basic filters. The export of images and movies is provided in multiple formats. The Data Exporter allows for data export in both vector point/line/polygon and raster grid formats. Current data types supported include: CF-compliant Fridded NetCDF; Generic CF-compliant Irregularly-Spaced/Curvilinear Gridded NetCDF/HDF; GRIB1, GRIB2, GINI, GEMPAK, HDF(CF-compliant) and more gridded formats; GPES Satellite AREA Files; NEXRAD Radar Data(Level-II and Level-III); U.S. Drought Monitor Service from the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC); OPeNDAP support for Gridded Datasets

Contains global weather station locations with data for monthly means from 1981 through 2010 for: Daily Mean Temperature °C Daily Maximum Temperature °C Daily Minimum Temperature °C Precipitation in mm Highest Daily Temperature °C Lowest Daily Temperature °C Additional monthly fields containing the equivalent values in °F and inches are available at the far right of the attribute table. GHCND stations were included if there were at least fifteen average daily values available in each month for all twelve months of the year, and for at least ten years between 1981 and 2010. 3,197 of the 7,480 stations did not collect or lacked sufficient precipitation data. These data are compiled from archived station values which have not undergone rigorous curation, and thus, there may be unexpected values, particularly in the daily extreme high and low fields. Esri is working to further curate this layer and will make updates as improvements are found. If your area of study is within the United States, we recommend using the U.S. Historical Climate - Monthly Averages for GHCN-D Stations 1981 - 2010 layer because the data in that service were compiled from web services produced by the Applied Climate Information System ( ACIS). ACIS staff curate the values for the U.S., including correcting erroneous values, reconciling data from stations that have been moved over their history, etc., thus the data in the U.S. service is of higher quality. Revision History: Initially Published: 6 Feb 2019 Updated: 12 Feb 2019 - Improved initial extraction algorithm to remove stations with extreme values. This included values higher than the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth, or those with mean values that were considerably different than adjacent neighboring stations.Updated: 18 Feb 2019 - Updated after finding an error in initial processing that excluded a 2,870 stations. Updated 16 Apr 2019 - We learned more precise coordinates for station locations were available from the Enhanced Master Station History Report (EMSHR) published by NOAA NCDC. With the publication of this layer the geometry and attributes for 635 of 7,452 stations now have more precise coordinates. The schema was updated to include the NCDC station identifier and elevation fields for feet and meters are also included. A large subset of the EMSHR metadata is available via EMSHR Stations Locations and Metadata 1738 to Present. Cite as:

Esri, 2019: World Historical Climate - Monthly Averages for GHCN-D Stations for 1981 - 2010. ArcGIS Online, Accessed April 2019. https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=ed59d3b4a8c44100914458dd722f054f Source Data: Station locations compiled from: Initially compiled using station locations from ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/ghcnd-stations.txt Menne, M.J., I. Durre, B. Korzeniewski, S. McNeal, K. Thomas, X. Yin, S. Anthony, R. Ray, R.S. Vose, B.E.Gleason, and T.G. Houston, 2012: Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily (GHCN-Daily), Version 3.24 Amended to use the most recent station locations from Russell S. Vose, Shelley McNeill, Kristy Thomas, Ethan Shepherd (2011): Enhanced Master Station History Report of March 2019. NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Access Date: April 10, 2019 doi:10.7289/V5NV9G8D. Station Monthly Means compiled from Daily Data: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/ghcnd_all.tar.gz Menne, M.J., I. Durre, B. Korzeniewski, S. McNeal, K. Thomas, X. Yin, S. Anthony, R. Ray, R.S. Vose, B.E.Gleason, and T.G. Houston, 2012: Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily (GHCN-Daily), Version 3.24

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades. Data is available from 1940 onwards. ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. This principle, called data assimilation, is based on the method used by numerical weather prediction centres, where every so many hours (12 hours at ECMWF) a previous forecast is combined with newly available observations in an optimal way to produce a new best estimate of the state of the atmosphere, called analysis, from which an updated, improved forecast is issued. Reanalysis works in the same way, but at reduced resolution to allow for the provision of a dataset spanning back several decades. Reanalysis does not have the constraint of issuing timely forecasts, so there is more time to collect observations, and when going further back in time, to allow for the ingestion of improved versions of the original observations, which all benefit the quality of the reanalysis product. ERA5 provides hourly estimates for a large number of atmospheric, ocean-wave and land-surface quantities. An uncertainty estimate is sampled by an underlying 10-member ensemble at three-hourly intervals. Ensemble mean and spread have been pre-computed for convenience. Such uncertainty estimates are closely related to the information content of the available observing system which has evolved considerably over time. They also indicate flow-dependent sensitive areas. To facilitate many climate applications, monthly-mean averages have been pre-calculated too, though monthly means are not available for the ensemble mean and spread. ERA5 is updated daily with a latency of about 5 days. In case that serious flaws are detected in this early release (called ERA5T), this data could be different from the final release 2 to 3 months later. In case that this occurs users are notified. The data set presented here is a regridded subset of the full ERA5 data set on native resolution. It is online on spinning disk, which should ensure fast and easy access. It should satisfy the requirements for most common applications. An overview of all ERA5 datasets can be found in this article. Information on access to ERA5 data on native resolution is provided in these guidelines. Data has been regridded to a regular lat-lon grid of 0.25 degrees for the reanalysis and 0.5 degrees for the uncertainty estimate (0.5 and 1 degree respectively for ocean waves). There are four main sub sets: hourly and monthly products, both on pressure levels (upper air fields) and single levels (atmospheric, ocean-wave and land surface quantities). The present entry is "ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present".

Abstract

This dataset was supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and is presented here as originally supplied. The metadata was not provided by the data supplier and has been compiled by the programme based on known details.

This dataset contains long-term monthly rainfall records for the Bureau of Meteorology Harrisville rainfall station in southeast Queensland. See file 'IDCJAC0001_040094_Note.txt' stored with the dataset for details of data.

Dataset History

This dataset contains long-term monthly rainfall records for the Bureau of Meteorology Harrisville rainfall station in southeast Queensland. The dataset was downloaded from the Bureau of Meteorology climate data online webpage. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/

Dataset Citation

Bureau of Meteorology (2016) Monthly rainfall climate data - Harrisville Mary Street. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 28 September 2017, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/d77e55e6-57b7-48e0-84fb-e7b6d3ae2674.

This dataset contains Raleigh Durham International Airport weather data pulled from the NOAA web service described at Climate Data Online: Web Services Documentation. We have pulled this data and converted it to commonly used units. This dataset is an archive - it is not being updated.

The U.S. Climate Normals are a large suite of data products that provide information about typical climate conditions for thousands of locations across the United States. Normals act both as a ruler to compare today’s weather and tomorrow’s forecast, and as a predictor of conditions in the near future. The official normals are calculated for a uniform 30 year period, and consist of annual/seasonal, monthly, daily, and hourly averages and statistics of temperature, precipitation, and other climatological variables from almost 15,000 U.S. weather stations.

NCEI generates the official U.S. normals every 10 years in keeping with the needs of our user community and the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and National Weather Service (NWS). The 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals are the latest in a series of decadal normals first produced in the 1950s. These data allow travelers to pack the right clothes, farmers to plant the best crop varieties, and utilities to plan for seasonal energy usage. Many other important economic decisions that are made beyond the predictive range of standard weather forecasts are either based on or influenced by climate normals.

The NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Gridded Dataset (NClimGrid) consists of four climate variables derived from the GHCN-D dataset: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature and precipitation. Each file provides monthly values in a 5x5 lat/lon grid for the Continental United States. Data is available from 1895 to the present. On an annual basis, approximately one year of "final" nClimGrid will be submitted to replace the initially supplied "preliminary" data for the same time period. Users should be sure to ascertain which level of data is required for their research.

EpiNOAA is an analysis ready dataset that consists of a daily time-series of nClimGrid measures (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, and precipitation) at the county scale. Each file provides daily values for the Continental United States. Data are available from 1951 to the present. Daily data are updated every 3 days with a preliminary data file and replaced with the scaled (i.e., quality controlled) data file every three months. This derivative data product is an enhancement from the original daily nClimGrid dataset in that all four weather parameters are now packaged into one file and assembled in a daily time-series format. In addition to a direct download option, an R package and web interface has been developed to streamline access to the final data product. These options allow end users three separate access modes to arrive at a customized dataset unique to each end user’s application. Users should be sure to review the data documentation to inform which level of data is required for their research.

The purpose of this dataset is to record weather to help people get quick access to climate data. Additionally, this dataset is useful for background information or looking at yearly differences.

The IRI Data Library is a powerful and freely accessible online data repository and analysis tool that allows a user to view, manipulate, and download over 400 climate-related data sets through a …Show full descriptionThe IRI Data Library is a powerful and freely accessible online data repository and analysis tool that allows a user to view, manipulate, and download over 400 climate-related data sets through a standard web browser. The Data Library contains a wide variety of publicly available data sets, including station and gridded atmospheric and oceanic observations and analyses, model-based analyses and forecasts, and land surface and vegetation data sets, from a range of sources. It includes a flexible, interactive data viewer that allows a user to visualize. multi-dimensional data sets in several combinations, create animations, and customize and download plots and maps in a variety of image formats. The Data Library is also a powerful computational engine that can perform analyses of varying complexity using an extensive array of statistical analysis tools. Online tutorials and function documentation are available to aid the user in applying these tools to the holdings available in the Data Library. Data sets and the results of any calculations performed by the user can be downloaded in a wide variety of file formats, from simple ascii text to GIS-compatible files to fully self-describing formats, or transferred directly to software applications that use the OPeNDAP protocol. This flexibility allows the Data Library to be used as a collaborative tool among different disciplines and to build new data discovery and analysis tools.

The U.S. Daily Climate Normals (DSI-9641D) are based on monthly maximum, minimum, and mean temperature and monthly total precipitation records for each year in the 30-year period 1971-2000, inclusive (as well as separately computed monthly degree day totals). The monthly values are available in data set DSI-9641C or publication online (Climatography of the United States, No. 81 Monthly Station Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days, 1971-2000). In order to be included in the normals, a station had to have at least 10 years of monthly temperature data or 10 years of monthly precipitation data for each month in the period 1971-2000. In addition, a station had to be active since January 1, 1999, or had to be included as a normals station in the 1961-1990 normals.

Data from World Development Indicators and Climate Change Knowledge Portal on climate systems, exposure to climate impacts, resilience, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy use. In addition to the data available here and through the Climate Data API, the Climate Change Knowledge Portal has a web interface to a collection of water indicators that may be used to assess the impact of climate change across over 8,000 water basins worldwide. You may use the web interface to download the data for any of these basins.

Climate Watch is an online platform designed to empower policymakers, researchers, media and other stakeholders with the open climate data, visualizations and resources they need to gather insights on national and global progress on climate change.

Climate Watch brings together dozens of datasets for the first time to let users analyze and compare the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, access historical emissions data, discover how countries can leverage their climate goals to achieve their sustainable development objectives, and use models to map new pathways to a lower carbon, prosperous future.

This free platform enables users to create and share custom data visualizations and comparisons of national climate commitments. It contributes to the goals of the Paris Agreement by using open data to increase transparency and accountability, and provide actionable analysis on how countries can enhance their efforts to combat climate change.

Climate Watch includes: - Data and visualizations on all countries’ greenhouse gas emissions; - A comprehensive, user-friendly database of all countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs); - Comprehensive mapping of linkages between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and associated targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; - Data and visuals of emissions scenario pathways for major emitting countries, derived from a growing library of models; - National and sectoral profile pages that offer a snapshot of climate progress, risks and vulnerabilities; and The ability to download data and create, save and share customized data visualizations through My Climate Watch.

Climate Watch is managed by World Resources Institute. It is a contribution to the NDC Partnership.

The data we used for this study include species occurrence data (n=15 species), climate data and predictions, an expert opinion questionnaire, and species masks that represented the model domain for each species. For this data release, we include the results of the expert opinion questionnaire and the species model domains (or masks). We developed an expert opinion questionnaire to gather information regarding expert opinion regarding the importance of climate variables in determining a species geographic range. The species masks, or model domains, were defined separately for each species using a variation of the “target-group” approach (Phillips et al. 2009), where the domain was determine using convex polygons including occurrence data for at least three phylogenetically related and similar species (Watling et al. 2012). The species occurrence data, climate data, and climate predictions are freely available online, and therefore not included in this data release. The species occurrence data were obtained primarily from the online database Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; http://www.gbif.org/), and from scientific literature (Watling et al. 2011). Climate data were obtained from the WorldClim database (Hijmans et al. 2005) and climate predictions were obtained from the Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS) at Florida State University (https://floridaclimateinstitute.org/resources/data-sets/regional-downscaling). See metadata for references.

Data was developed using ArcGIS 10.2.1. Climate Data was obtained from the following source: Dataset Originator/Creator: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Water Resources, Development and Management Service Dataset Title: CLIMWAT, A Climatic Database Dataset Release Date: unknown Dataset Release Place: Rome, Italy Dataset Publisher: Water Resources, Development and Management Service, FAO Data Presentation Form: database Online Resource: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/infores_databases_climwat.html