This data package contains data associated with the manuscript St. Pierre et al. (2020), to be submitted to Biogeosciences. Data in this package characterise spatial and temporal variability in nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, silica) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seven freshwater streams on Calvert and Hecate Islands, and the surface (0-5 m) waters at 13 marine stations within Meay and Kwakshua Channels on the British Columbia Central Coast. Briefly, the streams and marine stations were sampled at approximately monthly intervals between August 2014 and December 2018. Detailed information on sampling protocols, sample analysis, and data processing can be found in St. Pierre et al. (2020).

There are 4 datasets associated with this package. Data dictionaries associated with each dataset are included in the ‘Data dictionary.xlsx’ spreadsheet. Methodological information is detailed in St. Pierre et al. (2020). Each dataset is described below: ‘Freshwater Chemistry (2014-2018) - Final.csv’: Concentrations of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon in mg/L. Used with discharge data to calculate stream fluxes. ‘All watershed nutrient fluxes - Final.csv’: Daily nutrient and organic carbon fluxes by watershed between 1-Aug-2014 and 31-Dec-2018. Also includes stoichiometric ratios of the fluxes. ‘Marine Nutrient + YSI data - Final.csv’: Measured surface water (0-5 m) nutrient and dissolved organic carbon chemistry across 13 marine stations in Kwakshua and Meay Channels. ‘Watershed Time Series - Rain and Air Temp.csv’: Watershed-specific monthly mean, minimum, and maximum air temperature and total monthly rainfall. Climate normals, model monthly temperature and precipitation were extracted from climatewna.com (Wang et al. 2016) using the weather station coordinates for comparison with the measured quantities and are also included.

Detailed methodology is found in: St. Pierre, K.A., Hunt, B.P.V, Tank, S.E., Giesbrecht, I., Floyd, W.C., Korver, M.C., Lertzman, K. (2020) Rain-fed streams dilute inorganic nutrients but subsidise organic matter-associated nutrients in coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean. [To be submitted to Biogeosciences]

Associated are the discharge dataset (Korver et al. 2019a) and stream rainfall event sampling dataset (Korver et al. 2019b). Stream rainfall event chemistry is integrated into the ‘Freshwater Chemistry (2014-2018) Final.csv’ dataset.

This dataset contains per-pixel anomailes (z-scores) for each variable, which is the distance between two climate means in units of standard deviation. This includes change for the recent time slice (1981-2012) and future timslice (2040-2069). Recent anomalies are 800m resoultion and use PRISM as the source dataset. Future anomalies are 4km resolution and use ClimateWNA as the source dataset. Anomaly = delta (recent or future) standard deviation of baseline

Ce paquet de données contient des données associées au manuscrit St. Pierre et al. (2020), à soumettre à Biogéosciences. Les données de cet ensemble caractérisent la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des concentrations de nutriments (azote, phosphore, fer, silice) et de carbone organique dissous (COD) dans sept cours d'eau douce des îles Calvert et Hécate, et dans les eaux de surface (0-5 m) de 13 stations marines dans les chenaux Meay et Kwakshua sur la côte centrale de la Colombie-Britannique. En bref, les cours d'eau et les stations maritimes ont été échantillonnés à des intervalles approximativement mensuels entre août 2014 et décembre 2018. Des informations détaillées sur les protocoles d'échantillonnage, l'analyse des échantillons et le traitement des données sont disponibles dans St. Pierre et al. (2020).

Quatre jeux de données sont associés à ce package. Les dictionnaires de données associés à chaque jeu de données sont inclus dans la feuille de calcul « Data dictionary.xlsx ». Les informations méthodologiques sont détaillées dans St. Pierre et al. (2020). Chaque jeu de données est décrit ci-dessous : « Chimie des eaux douces (2014-2018) - Final.csv » : Concentrations de nutriments et de carbone organique dissous en mg/L. Utilisées avec les données sur les rejets pour calculer les flux des cours d'eau. « Flux nutritifs de tous les bassins versants - Final.csv » : flux quotidiens de nutriments et de carbone organique par bassin versant entre le 1er août 2014 et le 31 décembre 2018. Inclut également les rapports stoechiométriques des flux. « Données sur les éléments nutritifs marins + YSI - Final.csv » : Mesure de la chimie des nutriments et du carbone organique dissous dans les eaux de surface (0-5 m) dans 13 stations marines des chenaux Kwakshua et Meay. « Série chronologique des bassins versants - Pluie et air Temp.csv » : températures mensuelles moyennes, minimales et maximales de l'air et précipitations mensuelles totales propres au bassin versant. Les normales climatiques, la température mensuelle du modèle et les précipitations ont été extraites du site climatewna.com (Wang et al. 2016) en utilisant les coordonnées de la station météorologique pour comparaison avec les quantités mesurées et sont également incluses.

La méthodologie détaillée se trouve dans : Saint-Pierre, K.A., Hunt, B.P.V, Tank, SE, Giesbrecht, I., Floyd, W.C., Korver, M.C., Lertzman, K. (2020) Les cours d'eau pluviaux diluent les nutriments inorganiques mais subventionnent les nutriments associés à la matière organique dans les eaux côtières du nord-est de l'océan Pacifique. [À soumettre à Biogéosciences]

L'ensemble de données sur les débits (Korver et al. 2019a) et l'ensemble de données d'échantillonnage des précipitations dans les cours d'eau (Korver et al. 2019b) sont associés. La chimie des précipitations dans les cours d'eau est intégrée dans le jeu de données « Chimie des eaux douces (2014-2018) Final.csv ».

Premise of the study: As global climate change alters drought regimes, rapid evolution of traits that facilitate adaptation to drought can rescue populations in decline. The evolution of phenological advancement can allow plants to escape drought, but evolutionary responses in phenology can vary across a species’ range due to differences in drought intensity and standing genetic variation.

Methods: Mimulus cardinalis, a perennial herb spanning a broad climatic gradient, recently experienced a period of record drought. Here, we used a resurrection study comparing flowering time and stem height at first flower of pre-drought ancestors and post-drought descendants from northern-edge, central, and southern-edge populations in a common environment to examine the evolution of drought escape traits across the latitudinal range.

Key results: Contrary to the hypothesis of the evolution of advanced phenology in response to recent drought, flowering time did not advance between ancestors and des...

AbstractCharacterizing physiological and anatomical changes that underlie rapid evolution following climatic perturbation can broaden our understanding of how climate change is affecting biodiversity. It can also provide evidence of cryptic adaptation despite stasis at higher levels of biological organization. Here we compared evolutionary changes in populations of Mimulus cardinalis from historically different climates in the north and south of the species’ range following an exceptional drought. We grew seeds produced from pre-drought ancestral plants alongside peak-drought descendants in a common greenhouse and exposed them to wet and dry conditions. Prior to the drought, northern ancestral populations expressed traits contributing to drought escape, while southern ancestral populations expressed drought avoidance. Following the drought, both regions evolved to reduce water loss and maintain photosynthesis in dry treatments (drought avoidance), but via different anatomical alterations in stomata, trichomes, and palisade mesophyll. Additionally, southern populations lost the ability to take advantage of wet conditions. These results reveal rapid evolution towards drought avoidance at an anatomical level following an exceptional drought, but suggest that differences in the mechanisms between regions incur different trade-offs. This sheds light on the importance of characterizing underlying mechanisms for downstream life-history and macromorphological traits. MethodsClimate data was collected from ClimateWNA. Seeds of Mimulus cardinalis (scarlet monkeyflower) were originally field collected prior to a severe drought (2010 and 2011) and during the peak drought (2014 and 2015) that occurred throughout the range . Following a refresher generation, the seeds were grown in a common garden experiment and exposed to either wet or dry treatments. Plants were monitored to maintain a similar drought across all plants. Leaves were sampled with a licor 6800 photosynthetic instrument for physiological traits. The leaves were collected and sectioned to examin leaf cell layers and epidermal peels were made using nail polish to examine leaf surface architecture. Data was directly input into a spreadsheet for anatomical traits. Data from Licor instrument was imported into Excel and cleaned for just the variables of interest using R software.