This data package contains datasets on clinical trials conducted in the United States. Diseases include cervical cancer, diabetes, acute respiratory infection as well as stress. This data package also includes clinical trials registry and results database.

As of June 13, 2025, the number of registered clinical studies in non-U.S. regions stood at some 303 thousand — or 56 percent of all studies worldwide. This statistic shows the distribution of registered clinical studies worldwide by location.

The goal of the Clinical Trials track is to focus research on the clinical trials matching problem: given a free text summary of a patient health record, find suitable clinical trials for that patient.

Clinical Trial Data Visualization Market Outlook

The global clinical trial data visualization market size is projected to grow from USD 0.75 billion in 2023 to USD 2.62 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.2% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing complexity of clinical trials, the need for enhanced data transparency, and the rising adoption of digital tools in the healthcare sector.

One of the key drivers for the growth of the clinical trial data visualization market is the escalating complexity and volume of data generated during clinical trials. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors are witnessing a surge in clinical trials, which demand sophisticated data management and visualization tools to make sense of the vast amounts of data collected. These tools enable researchers to identify patterns, trends, and outliers more efficiently, thereby accelerating the decision-making process and improving clinical trial outcomes.

Another significant factor contributing to market growth is the increasing emphasis on data transparency and regulatory compliance. Regulatory bodies, such as the FDA and EMA, are mandating greater transparency in clinical trial data to ensure patient safety and data integrity. Data visualization tools facilitate the clear presentation of complex data, making it easier for regulatory bodies and stakeholders to review and approve clinical trial processes. This ensures that clinical trials are conducted in a more transparent and compliant manner, thus driving the adoption of these tools.

The advent of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), is also playing a crucial role in the growth of the clinical trial data visualization market. These technologies are being increasingly integrated into data visualization tools to enhance their capabilities. AI and ML algorithms can analyze large datasets quickly and provide insights that were previously unattainable. This not only improves the efficiency of clinical trials but also enhances the accuracy and reliability of the data being presented.

As the clinical trial data visualization market continues to expand, the importance of Clinical Trial Data Security becomes increasingly paramount. With the vast amounts of data generated during trials, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this data is critical. Organizations must implement robust security measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and breaches. This involves not only securing the data itself but also safeguarding the systems and networks that store and process this information. As regulatory bodies tighten their data protection requirements, companies are investing in advanced security technologies and practices to comply with these standards and maintain trust with stakeholders. The focus on Clinical Trial Data Security is not just about compliance; it is about ensuring the reliability and credibility of clinical trial outcomes, which ultimately impacts patient safety and the development of new therapies.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the clinical trial data visualization market due to the presence of a large number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, a well-established healthcare infrastructure, and a strong focus on research and development. Europe is also expected to witness significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of digital technologies in clinical trials and supportive regulatory frameworks. The Asia Pacific region is poised to grow at the fastest rate, fueled by the expanding pharmaceutical industry, growing investments in healthcare technology, and an increasing number of clinical trials being conducted in countries like China and India.

Component Analysis

The clinical trial data visualization market is segmented into software and services based on components. The software segment is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period. This can be attributed to the increasing demand for advanced software solutions that offer real-time data analysis and visualization capabilities. These software tools are designed to handle large volumes of data and provide intuitive visual representations that facilitate better understanding and decision-making.

Furthermore, the integration of AI and ML technologies into data visualization software is enhancing their capabilities, makin

Clinical trial data management (CDM) providers have experienced robust growth in recent years, driven by several key factors. Two major catalysts contributing to this growth are an increasing demand for innovative therapies and treatments and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide. As pharmaceutical companies race to develop new drugs and biologics to address unmet medical needs, the volume and complexity of clinical trials have surged. A jump in clinical trial activity has fueled the need for efficient and reliable data management solutions to handle the vast amounts of data generated throughout the drug development process. At the same time, regulatory bodies in the US and internationally mounting scrutiny of clinical trial data integrity has prompted pharmaceutical companies to outsource data management to compliance and transparency. In all, revenue has been expanding at a CAGR of 5.9% to an estimated $8.9 billion over the past five years, including expected growth of 2.7% in 2024. One central trend behind clinical trial data management providers’ growth is the increasingly complex clinical trial landscape. Medical and tech advances have made the clinical trial process more intricate, expanding the volume and variety of data collected during clinical trials, introducing significant challenges for data management. Clinical trial data management companies have developed an increasingly vital role in addressing these challenges by providing specialized services. Outsourcing data management has been especially crucial for smaller biopharmaceutical companies that depend heavily on successful clinical trials but lack the capital or resources to invest in in-house capabilities. Outsourcing aspects of the research and development stage, including clinical trial data management, will become an increasingly attractive option for downstream pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers, positioning the industry for growth. Competition between smaller or mid-sized pharma and the leading multinational manufacturers to bring novel therapies to market will strengthen CDM companies’ role. An approaching patent cliff will also drive demand for clinical trial data management services as revenue declines and heightened competition from generic drugs accelerate clinical trial activity and cost mitigation efforts. Revenue will continue growing, rising at a CAGR of 3.3% over the next five years, reaching an estimated $10.5 billion in 2029.

Worldwide, the total number of clinical studies with posted results was ***** at year-end 2009 and increased up to over ** thousand as of June 13, 2025. This statistic shows the total number of registered clinical studies with posted results worldwide since 2008.

Clinical Trial Data Repository Market Outlook

The global clinical trial data repository market size was estimated to be approximately $1.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% to reach around $4.1 billion by 2032. The primary growth factors include the increasing volume and complexity of clinical trials, rising need for efficient data management systems, and stringent regulatory requirements for data accuracy and integrity. The advent of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data analytics further drives market expansion by enhancing data processing capabilities and providing actionable insights.

The growth of the clinical trial data repository market is significantly influenced by the increasing number of clinical trials being conducted globally. With the rise in chronic diseases, the need for innovative treatments and therapies has surged, leading to an upsurge in clinical trials. This increase in clinical trials necessitates robust data management systems to handle vast amounts of data generated, thereby propelling the demand for clinical trial data repositories. Moreover, the complexity of modern clinical trials, which often involve multiple sites and diverse patient populations, further amplifies the need for sophisticated data management solutions.

Another critical driver for the market is the stringent regulatory landscape governing clinical trial data. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA, EMA, and other local authorities mandate rigorous data management standards to ensure data integrity, accuracy, and accessibility. These regulations necessitate the adoption of advanced data repository systems that can comply with regulatory requirements, thereby fueling market growth. Additionally, regulatory frameworks are becoming increasingly stringent, prompting pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to invest in state-of-the-art data management systems to avoid compliance issues and potential financial penalties.

Technological advancements play a pivotal role in the market's growth. The integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics into data repository systems enhances data processing and analysis capabilities. These technologies enable real-time data monitoring, predictive analytics, and improved decision-making, thereby improving the efficiency of clinical trials. Furthermore, the shift towards cloud-based solutions offers scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, making advanced data management systems accessible to even small and medium-sized enterprises.

Regionally, North America dominates the clinical trial data repository market owing to its robust healthcare infrastructure, high R&D investments, and presence of major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Europe follows closely due to stringent regulatory standards and a strong focus on clinical research. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period due to increasing clinical trial activities, growing healthcare expenditure, and the rising adoption of advanced technologies. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also likely to experience growth, albeit at a slower pace, driven by improving healthcare systems and increasing focus on clinical research.

Component Analysis

The clinical trial data repository market is segmented by components into software and services. The software segment is anticipated to hold a significant share of the market due to the essential role software plays in data management. Advanced software solutions offer capabilities such as data storage, management, retrieval, and analysis, which are critical for effective clinical trial management. The integration of AI and machine learning algorithms into these software systems further enhances their efficiency by enabling predictive analytics and real-time monitoring, thus driving the software segment's growth.

Software solutions in clinical trial data repositories also offer interoperability, enabling seamless integration with other clinical trial management systems (CTMS) and electronic data capture (EDC) systems. This interoperability is crucial for ensuring data consistency and accuracy across different platforms, thereby enhancing overall data management. Additionally, the increasing adoption of cloud-based software solutions provides scalability, cost-effectiveness, and remote acce

The National Database for Clinical Trials Related to Mental Illness (NDCT) is an extensible informatics platform for relevant data at all levels of biological and behavioral organization (molecules, genes, neural tissue, behavioral, social and environmental interactions) and for all data types (text, numeric, image, time series, etc.) related to clinical trials funded by the National Institute of Mental Health. Sharing data, associated tools, methodologies and results, rather than just summaries or interpretations, accelerates research progress. Community-wide sharing requires common data definitions and standards, as well as comprehensive and coherent informatics approaches for the sharing of de-identified human subject research data. Built on the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) informatics platform, NDCT provides a comprehensive data sharing platform for NIMH grantees supporting clinical trials.

Dataset (Stata v15.1) containing responses from a survey of UK Clinical Research Collaboration registered clinical trial units (CTUs) and industry statisticians from both pharmaceuticals and clinical research organisations (http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020- 036875) Data is de-identified. The dataset contains descriptive variables describing participant's experience, as well as responses to questions on current adverse event analysis practices, awareness of specialist methods for adverse event analysis and priorities, concerns and barriers participants experience when analysing adverse event data.

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US Clinical Trials Market Size 2025-2029

The us clinical trials market size is forecast to increase by USD 6.5 billion, at a CAGR of 5.3% between 2024 and 2029.

The Clinical Trials Market in the US is witnessing significant growth, driven by the increasing number of clinical trials for drugs and advancements in technology and scientific research. The rise in clinical trials is attributed to the development of new therapies and treatments across various therapeutic areas, leading to a surge in demand for clinical trial services. However, this market faces challenges, including the escalating costs of clinical trials. The complexity and intricacy of clinical trials have resulted in increased expenses, making it essential for market participants to optimize their resources and processes. Another challenge is the regulatory landscape, which is constantly evolving, necessitating clinical trial sponsors to stay updated and adapt to new regulations to ensure compliance. To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively, companies must focus on implementing innovative solutions, improving operational efficiency, and maintaining regulatory compliance.

What will be the size of the US Clinical Trials Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The clinical trials market in the US is characterized by continuous advancements in drug development, driven by the integration of technology and data-driven insights. In vitro studies and preclinical research pave the way for efficacy trials in neurological, cancer, cardiovascular, and other therapeutic areas. Big data analytics plays a pivotal role in drug metabolism studies, enabling the optimization of phase III trials through precision medicine and biomarker discovery. Wearable devices and mobile health (mHealth) facilitate real-time monitoring in clinical pharmacology, while cloud computing streamlines clinical trial software and dose-finding studies. Gene therapy and regenerative medicine are gaining traction in orphan drug development, with animal studies and target validation shaping the landscape. Safety trials in phase I and II are complemented by digital health solutions, while phase IV trials ensure long-term safety monitoring. Drug interactions and phase I trials are addressed through device development and clinical trial software, respectively. Overall, the US clinical trials market is dynamic, with innovation at the forefront of drug development, from first-in-human studies to phase iv trials.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. TypePhase IIIPhase IPhase IIPhase IVService TypeInterventional studiesObservational studiesExpanded access studiesIndicationOncologyCNSAutoimmune/inflammationOthersGeographyNorth AmericaUS

By Type Insights

The phase iii segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The clinical trials market in the US is characterized by the involvement of various entities in the intricate process of testing new drugs and medical treatments for public use. In the final phase of this process, the phase III clinical trials play a pivotal role in assessing the safety and efficacy of investigational treatments on a larger population. This data-intensive stage is crucial for determining the potential benefits and risks before regulatory approval. Personalized medicine and adaptive designs have become integral to clinical trials, enabling customized treatment plans and flexible trial designs. Medical device companies and diagnostic firms collaborate to integrate devices and diagnostics into clinical trials, enhancing data collection and analysis. Data privacy and security are paramount, with stringent regulations ensuring patient data confidentiality and integrity. Pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in clinical trials, collaborating with academic research centers, biotechnology firms, and venture capitalists to share resources and expertise. Informed consent, ethical considerations, and regulatory submissions are critical components of the clinical trial process. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly used for data analysis, clinical trial optimization, and patient recruitment. Government funding and patient advocacy also play significant roles in advancing clinical trials. Real-world evidence and observational studies provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and safety of treatments in diverse populations. Biomarker analysis and interim analysis help monitor treatment progress and adjust trial designs accordingly. Q

In 2021, 27 percent of all clinical drug trials worldwide were started in North America, whereas 30 percent of trials were initiated in Asia. This statistic shows the geographical distribution of clinical drug trials started worldwide from 2012 to 2022, by region.

Clinical Trial Management Tool Market Outlook

The global clinical trial management tool market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8% over the forecast period. The growth of this market is driven by the increasing complexity of clinical trials, rising demand for efficient data management, and the need for better compliance with regulatory requirements.

One of the primary growth factors in the clinical trial management tool market is the escalating complexity of clinical trials. With the advent of personalized medicine and more stringent regulatory requirements, the need for comprehensive and integrated solutions has surged. Clinical trials now often require the handling of multiple data points across various stages of the trial, from patient recruitment to data analysis and reporting. This complexity necessitates sophisticated management tools that can streamline processes, reduce errors, and ensure data integrity. Consequently, the demand for advanced clinical trial management tools is expected to rise significantly.

Another crucial factor contributing to market growth is the increasing adoption of digital technology within the healthcare sector. The shift towards electronic health records (EHRs) and digital data collection methods has created a conducive environment for the adoption of clinical trial management tools. These tools offer seamless integration with existing digital infrastructures, enabling a more efficient and effective management of clinical trial data. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of digital solutions, highlighting the need for remote monitoring and decentralized trials, which are well-supported by advanced management tools.

Moreover, the need for compliance with regulatory standards and the growing emphasis on patient safety are driving the adoption of clinical trial management tools. Regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA have stringent guidelines for clinical trials, necessitating meticulous data management and reporting. Clinical trial management tools help organizations stay compliant by providing a centralized platform that ensures all data is collected, stored, and reported in accordance with regulatory requirements. This not only reduces the risk of non-compliance but also streamlines the overall trial process, making it more efficient and cost-effective.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share in the clinical trial management tool market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The dominance of North America can be attributed to the high concentration of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and favorable regulatory frameworks. Europe also represents a significant market due to the presence of major clinical research organizations and increasing government support for clinical trials. Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate, driven by the expanding healthcare sector, increasing clinical trial activities, and rising investments in healthcare technology.

Component Analysis

The clinical trial management tool market is segmented into software and services based on the component. The software segment is further divided into enterprise-based and site-based solutions. Enterprise-based solutions are designed for large-scale organizations that manage multiple clinical trials simultaneously, offering comprehensive functionalities such as project management, data analysis, and reporting. These solutions are highly scalable and customizable, making them suitable for complex trial operations. On the other hand, site-based solutions are tailored for individual trial sites or smaller organizations, providing essential functionalities to manage trial activities efficiently.

Within the software segment, the increasing demand for integrated solutions is a significant growth driver. Integrated clinical trial management systems (CTMS) combine various functionalities such as patient recruitment, data management, and regulatory compliance into a single platform. This integration enhances operational efficiency, reduces duplication of efforts, and ensures seamless data flow across different trial stages. As the trend towards integrated solutions continues to grow, the software segment is expected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period.

In addition to software, the services segment plays a crucial role in the clinical trial management tool market. Services encompass a range of

Big Data Analytics for Clinical Research Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the Big Data Analytics for Clinical Research market size reached USD 7.45 billion globally in 2024, reflecting a robust adoption pace driven by the increasing digitization of healthcare and clinical trial processes. The market is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 17.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 25.54 billion by 2033. This significant growth is primarily attributed to the rising need for real-time data-driven decision-making, the proliferation of electronic health records (EHRs), and the growing emphasis on precision medicine and personalized healthcare solutions. The industry is experiencing rapid technological advancements, making big data analytics a cornerstone in transforming clinical research methodologies and outcomes.

Several key growth factors are propelling the expansion of the Big Data Analytics for Clinical Research market. One of the primary drivers is the exponential increase in clinical data volumes from diverse sources, including EHRs, wearable devices, genomics, and imaging. Healthcare providers and research organizations are leveraging big data analytics to extract actionable insights from these massive datasets, accelerating drug discovery, optimizing clinical trial design, and improving patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms with big data platforms has further enhanced the ability to identify patterns, predict patient responses, and streamline the entire research process. These technological advancements are reducing the time and cost associated with clinical research, making it more efficient and effective.

Another significant factor fueling market growth is the increasing collaboration between pharmaceutical & biotechnology companies and technology firms. These partnerships are fostering the development of advanced analytics solutions tailored specifically for clinical research applications. The demand for real-world evidence (RWE) and real-time patient monitoring is rising, particularly in the context of post-market surveillance and regulatory compliance. Big data analytics is enabling stakeholders to gain deeper insights into patient populations, treatment efficacy, and adverse event patterns, thereby supporting evidence-based decision-making. Furthermore, the shift towards decentralized and virtual clinical trials is creating new opportunities for leveraging big data to monitor patient engagement, adherence, and safety remotely.

The regulatory landscape is also evolving to accommodate the growing use of big data analytics in clinical research. Regulatory agencies such as the FDA and EMA are increasingly recognizing the value of data-driven approaches for enhancing the reliability and transparency of clinical trials. This has led to the establishment of guidelines and frameworks that encourage the adoption of big data technologies while ensuring data privacy and security. However, the implementation of stringent data protection regulations, such as GDPR and HIPAA, poses challenges related to data integration, interoperability, and compliance. Despite these challenges, the overall outlook for the Big Data Analytics for Clinical Research market remains highly positive, with sustained investments in digital health infrastructure and analytics capabilities.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Big Data Analytics for Clinical Research market, accounting for the largest share due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, high adoption of digital technologies, and strong presence of leading pharmaceutical companies. Europe follows closely, driven by increasing government initiatives to promote health data interoperability and research collaborations. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, supported by expanding healthcare IT investments, rising clinical trial activities, and growing awareness of data-driven healthcare solutions. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing gradual adoption, albeit at a slower pace, due to infrastructural and regulatory challenges. Overall, the global market is poised for substantial growth across all major regions over the forecast period.

Clinical Trials Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global clinical trials market size reached USD 54.7 billion in 2024. The market is experiencing robust expansion, driven by technological advancements and a surge in demand for innovative therapeutics. With a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033, the market is forecasted to reach USD 93.5 billion by 2033. This sustained growth is underpinned by factors such as the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, the expansion of pharmaceutical and biotechnology R&D activities, and regulatory support for clinical research.

A primary growth factor for the clinical trials market is the escalating incidence of chronic and infectious diseases globally. As populations age and lifestyles shift, conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological diseases are becoming more prevalent, necessitating the development of new drugs and therapies. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are responding by ramping up their research and development pipelines, which, in turn, drives demand for clinical trial services. Additionally, the emergence of personalized medicine and targeted therapies has increased the complexity and number of clinical trials, further fueling market expansion. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence and digital health solutions, has also streamlined protocol design, patient recruitment, and data management, enhancing the efficiency and success rates of clinical trials.

Another significant contributor to market growth is the increasing collaboration between pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations (CROs), and academic institutions. These partnerships are fostering innovation and expediting the drug development process by leveraging the expertise and resources of multiple stakeholders. CROs, in particular, have become indispensable in the clinical trials ecosystem, offering specialized services ranging from site identification to laboratory analysis. This outsourcing trend enables sponsors to focus on core competencies while ensuring that clinical trials are conducted in compliance with stringent regulatory standards. Furthermore, regulatory agencies worldwide are adopting more flexible approaches, such as accelerated approval pathways and adaptive trial designs, to expedite the availability of life-saving therapies, thus providing a favorable environment for market growth.

The clinical trials market is also benefiting from increased investments in healthcare infrastructure and digitalization, particularly in emerging economies. Governments and private sector players are channeling funds into building state-of-the-art research facilities, enhancing laboratory capabilities, and implementing electronic data capture systems. These initiatives are not only improving the quality and reliability of clinical trial data but also attracting multinational sponsors to conduct trials in regions with diverse patient populations. The globalization of clinical trials is enabling access to untapped markets and facilitating the recruitment of participants from varied demographic backgrounds, which is crucial for the development of universally effective therapies. However, this expansion also brings challenges related to regulatory harmonization, ethical considerations, and logistical complexities, which market players must navigate to sustain growth.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the clinical trials market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The United States, in particular, remains a hub for clinical research due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, presence of leading pharmaceutical companies, and supportive regulatory framework. Europe is witnessing steady growth, driven by increased R&D spending and collaborative research initiatives, while the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a lucrative market owing to its large patient pool, cost advantages, and rapid adoption of digital technologies. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising potential, supported by improving healthcare systems and government incentives for clinical research.

1Denominator is the total number of studies with known publication status in the cohort i.e. published plus unpublished plus in preparation plus in press.2Denominator is the number submitted.3Denominator includes ongoing studies.4This is the number never presented and we have assumed not submitted.*Question not asked. NI No information available.

INSIGHT Clinical Research Network is a project founded by the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) and is part of the PCORnet program. The INSIGHT longitudinal datasets bring together New York City organizations including medical schools, medical centers, research support organizations, and practice-based research networks. Over 160 million patient encounters and 365 million diagnoses have been recorded in the central data repository. The INSIGHT datasets include longitudinally collected clinical, patient-reported, and patient-generated information, as well as claims data. Datasets are available at the de-identified patient level, identifiable patient level, and patient cohort level. COVID-19 data is available.

Background and PurposeSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with a poor prognosis overall. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and describe factors associated with early neurologic deterioration (END) after ICH.MethodsWe sought to identify any factor which could be prognostic in the absence of an intervention. The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, the Global Health Library, and PubMed were searched for primary studies from the years 1966 to 2012 with no restrictions on language or study design. Studies of patients who received a surgical intervention or specific experimental therapies were excluded. END was defined as death, or worsening on a reliable outcome scale within seven days after onset.Results7,172 abstracts were reviewed, 1,579 full-text papers were obtained and screened. 14 studies were identified; including 2088 patients. Indices of ICH severity such as ICH volume (univariate combined OR per ml:1.37, 95%CI: 1.12–1.68), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (2.95, 95%CI: 1.57–5.55), glucose concentration (per mmol/l: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.03–4.47), fibrinogen concentration (per g/l: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.03–3.25), and d-dimer concentration at hospital admission (per mg/l: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.88–9.34) were significantly associated with END after random-effects analyses. Whereas commonly described risk factors for ICH progression such as blood pressure, history of hypertension, and ICH growth were not.ConclusionsThis study summarizes the evidence to date on early ICH prognosis and highlights that the amount and distribution of the initial bleed at hospital admission may be the most important factors to consider when predicting early clinical outcomes.

Quality scoring components for 8 clinical trials included.

duration of development