The Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP) is the World Bank's designated climate data service. CCKP offers a comprehensive suite of climate data and products that are derived from the latest generation of climate data archives. CCKP implements a systematic way of pre-processing the raw observed and model-based projection data to enable inter-comparable use across a broad range of applications. Data is available across an expansive range of climate variables and can be extracted per individual spatial units, variables, select timeframes, climate projection scenarios, across ensembles or individual models. Data is available as global gridded or spatially aggregated to national, subnational, watershed, and Exclusive Economic Zone scaled.

The Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-degree dataset, is a global downscaled, bias-corrected dataset. Data is available for both land and ocean fields from 1950-2100 for SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5. All variables are available by multi-model ensemble or by individual model. Gridded data (CF standard netCDF files) was

produced at global domain using grids of up to 721x1440 points (1/4-degree).

Global gridded NetCDF files can be accessed via https://registry.opendata.aws/wbg-cckp/

Pre-computed statistics for spatially aggregated data is available as API or xls via

https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/download-data

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data sets. These data includes all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.CSIRO.ACCESS-ESM1-5' according to the Data Reference Syntax defined as 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. Experiments include the DECK (piControl, esm-piControl, abrupt-4xCO2, 1pctCO2, amip), and historical & esm-hist simulations.

These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions, and are being used by authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated at a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by World Data Centre for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ.

Lineage: The model used in climate research named Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Earth System Model Version 1.5, released in 2019, includes the components: aerosol: CLASSIC (v1.0), atmos: HadGAM2 (r1.1, N96; 192 x 145 longitude/latitude; 38 levels; top level 39255 m), land: CABLE2.4, ocean: ACCESS-OM2 (MOM5, tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 300 longitude/latitude; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: WOMBAT (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE4.1 (same grid as ocean). The model was run by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia (CSIRO) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.CMCC.CMCC-ESM2.historical' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The CMCC-ESM2 climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: MAM3, atmos: CAM5.3 (1deg; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top at ~2 hPa), land: CLM4.5 (BGC mode), ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarly 1 deg lat/lon with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 50 vertical levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: BFM5.2, seaIce: CICE4.0. The model was run by the Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Lecce 73100, Italy (CMCC) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) Climate Research Division (CRD) and the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) previously produced statistically downscaled climate scenarios based on simulations from climate models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) in 2015. ECCC and PCIC have now updated the CMIP5-based downscaled scenarios with two new sets of downscaled scenarios based on the next generation of climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The scenarios are named Canadian Downscaled Climate Scenarios–Univariate method from CMIP6 (CanDCS-U6) and Canadian Downscaled Climate Scenarios–Multivariate method from CMIP6 (CanDCS-M6). CMIP6 climate projections are based on both updated global climate models and new emissions scenarios called “Shared Socioeconomic Pathways” (SSPs). Statistically downscaled datasets have been produced from 26 CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) under three different emission scenarios (i.e., SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5), with PCIC later adding SSP3-7.0 to the CanDCS-M6 dataset. The CanDCS-U6 was downscaled using the Bias Correction/Constructed Analogues with Quantile mapping version 2 (BCCAQv2) procedure, and the CanDCS-M6 was downscaled using the N-dimensional Multivariate Bias Correction (MBCn) method. The CanDCS-U6 dataset was produced using the same downscaling target data (NRCANmet) as the CMIP5-based downscaled scenarios, while the CanDCS-M6 dataset implements a new target dataset (ANUSPLIN and PNWNAmet blended dataset). Statistically downscaled individual model output and ensembles are available for download. Downscaled climate indices are available across Canada at 10km grid spatial resolution for the 1950-2014 historical period and for the 2015-2100 period following each of the three emission scenarios. A total of 31 climate indices have been calculated using the CanDCS-U6 and CanDCS-M6 datasets. The climate indices include 27 Climdex indices established by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) and 4 additional indices that are slightly modified from the Climdex indices. These indices are calculated from daily precipitation and temperature values from the downscaled simulations and are available at annual or monthly temporal resolution, depending on the index. Monthly indices are also available in seasonal and annual versions. Note: projected future changes by statistically downscaled products are not necessarily more credible than those by the underlying climate model outputs. In many cases, especially for absolute threshold-based indices, projections based on downscaled data have a smaller spread because of the removal of model biases. However, this is not the case for all indices. Downscaling from GCM resolution to the fine resolution needed for impacts assessment increases the level of spatial detail and temporal variability to better match observations. Since these adjustments are GCM dependent, the resulting indices could have a wider spread when computed from downscaled data as compared to those directly computed from GCM output. In the latter case, it is not the downscaling procedure that makes future projection more uncertain; rather, it is indicative of higher variability associated with finer spatial scale. Individual model datasets and all related derived products are subject to the terms of use (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/TermsOfUse/TermsOfUse6-1.html) of the source organization.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) MPI-ESM1-2-LR model output for the "effective radiative forcing at present day with specified anthropogenic aerosol optical properties, all forcings" (piClim-spAer-aer) experiment. These are available at the following frequency: Amon. The runs included the ensemble members: r2i1p1f1 and r3i1p1f1.

CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6).

The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

NorCPM datasets generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions, and the results will undoubtedly be relied on by authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6). The model was run by the NorESM Climate modeling Consortium consisting of CICERO (Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo 0349), MET-Norway (Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo 0313), NERSC (Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen 5006), NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2027), UiB (University of Bergen, Bergen 5007), UiO (University of Oslo, Oslo 0313) and UNI (Uni Research, Bergen 5008), Norway. Native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. Citation: Bethke, Ingo; Wang, Yiguo; Counillon, François; Kimmritz, Madlen; Fransner, Filippa; Samuelsen, Annette; Langehaug, Helene Reinertsen; Chiu, Ping-Gin; Bentsen, Mats; Guo, Chuncheng; Tjiputra, Jerry; Kirkevåg, Alf; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Seland, Øyvind; Fan, Yuanchao; Lawrence, Peter; Eldevik, Tor; Keenlyside, Noel (2019). NCC NorCPM1 model output prepared for CMIP6 DCPP. Version YYYYMMDD[1].Earth System Grid Federation. https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.10844 [1] Please use the latest dataset version or if not available the latest data download date as version in your data citation. CMIP6 model data is evolving in the sense that datasets are changed and added as new versions. The author list and the title are not final, either. Cite this data collection including the latest dataset version according to the Data Citation Guidelines (http://bit.ly/2gBCuqM ).

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.HighResMIP.CNRM-CERFACS.CNRM-CM6-1-HR' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The CNRM-CM6-1-HR climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: prescribed monthly fields computed by TACTIC_v2 scheme, atmos: Arpege 6.3 (T359; Gaussian Reduced with 181724 grid points in total distributed over 360 latitude circles (with 720 grid points per latitude circle between 32.2degN and 32.2degS reducing to 18 grid points per latitude circle at 89.6degN and 89.6degS); 91 levels; top level 78.4 km), atmosChem: OZL_v2, land: Surfex 8.0c, ocean: Nemo 3.6 (eORCA025, tripolar primarily 1/4deg; 1442 x 1050 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: Gelato 6.1. The model was run by the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse 31057, France), CERFACS (Centre Europeen de Recherche et de Formation Avancee en Calcul Scientifique, Toulouse 31057, France) (CNRM-CERFACS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

"Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models" ("TOUGOU Program") is a five-year project being implemented by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ("MEXT") from FY2017 to FY2021 with the primary objective of elucidating the mechanisms of climate change and generating information on climate change projections through the development of climate models that will form the basis for all climate change countermeasures. The TOUGOU Program consists of four research themes. The objectives of the theme A is to actively participate in the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) by using the global climate models developed in the previous programs, and to carry out many original climate model simulations to generate the forecast information necessary for the formulation of near-future adaptation and mitigation measures. Theme B aims to, such as, more precisely estimate CO2 emissions by using the Earth System Model (ESM), a climate model that incorporates biological and chemical processes into the global climate model. This dataset contains the results of the ScenarioMIP by MIROC6, among the various simulations for CMIP6 that have been carried out in this TOUGOU Program using the global climate models and the Earth system models developed in Japan.

This work was supported by the Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU) Grant Number JPMXD0717935457 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan.

All CMIP6 data are collected, managed and published by the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF), and DIAS serves as one node of the ESGF. All public datasets, including this dataset, are available from ESGF. Please refer to the CMIP6 Guidance for Data Users (link below) for information on the use of these datasets, including this dataset.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Research Center for Environmental Changes (AS-RCEC) TaiESM1 model output for the "update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5" (ssp585) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: 3hr, 6hrLev, 6hrPlev, 6hrPlevPt, AERmon, Amon, CFday, CFmon, Eday, Emon, LImon, Lmon, Ofx, Omon, day and fx. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1.

CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6).

The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.ScenarioMIP.CCCma.CanESM5' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The CanESM5 climate model, released in 2019, includes the following components: aerosol: interactive, atmos: CanAM5 (T63L49 native atmosphere, T63 Linear Gaussian Grid; 128 x 64 longitude/latitude; 49 levels; top level 1 hPa), atmosChem: specified oxidants for aerosols, land: CLASS3.6/CTEM1.2, landIce: specified ice sheets, ocean: NEMO3.4.1 (ORCA1 tripolar grid, 1 deg with refinement to 1/3 deg within 20 degrees of the equator; 361 x 290 longitude/latitude; 45 vertical levels; top grid cell 0-6.19 m), ocnBgchem: Canadian Model of Ocean Carbon (CMOC); NPZD ecosystem with OMIP prescribed carbonate chemistry, seaIce: LIM2. The model was run by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada (CCCma) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 500 km, atmos: 500 km, atmosChem: 500 km, land: 500 km, landIce: 500 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ACCESS-ESM1-5 model output for the "update of RCP4.5 based on SSP2" (ssp245) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: AERmon, Amon, Eday, Emon, LImon, Lmon, Oday, Ofx, Omon, Oyr, SImon, day and fx. The runs included the ensemble members: r1i1p1f1, r2i1p1f1 and r3i1p1f1.

CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6).

The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.CSIRO.ACCESS-ESM1-5' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Earth System Model Version 1.5 climate model, released in 2019, includes the following components: aerosol: CLASSIC (v1.0), atmos: HadGAM2 (r1.1, N96; 192 x 145 longitude/latitude; 38 levels; top level 39255 m), land: CABLE2.4, ocean: ACCESS-OM2 (MOM5, tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 300 longitude/latitude; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: WOMBAT (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE4.1 (same grid as ocean). The model was run by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia (CSIRO) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

This repository contains codes for a study titled "Evaluation of CMIP6 HighResMIP for hydrologic modeling of annual maximum discharge in Iowa" submitted to Water Resources Research (Article DOI: 10.1029/2022WR034166) by Alexander T. Michalek, Gabriele Villarini, Taereem Kim, Felipe Quintero, Witold F. Krajewski, and Enrico Scoccimarro.

The resources include R codes for data analysis, figures, and precipitation bias-correction and downscaling. Additionally, codes are provided related to the setup of the hydrologic model (HLM) utilized in the study and found at https://asynch.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html. Finally, a subset of data from the simulations is provided for which the analysis is conducted. Full simulation datasets and CMIP6 forcings are not provided as they are too large to store and can be provided upon reasonable request.

Abstract: The High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) represent a broad effort to improve the resolution, and performance of climate models. The HighResMIP suite provides high spatial resolution (i.e., 25- and 50-km) forcings that have been shown to improve the representation of climate processes. However, little is known about their suitability for hydrologic applications. We use outputs from the HighResMIP suite to simulate annual maximum discharge with the Hillslope-Link Model (HLM) at ~1000 river communities across Iowa. First, we assess whether the runoff from the climate models can be directly routed through the river network model in HLM to estimate annual maximum discharge. Runoff-based simulations can capture the empirical distribution of flood peaks in five of the ten models/members assessed. Next, we force the HLM with precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration from HighResMIP models to simulate flood peaks, finding all models/members produce empirical distributions similar to our reference. However, significant biases exist in the model/member forcings as correct flood response is being generated for the wrong reason. To improve their suitability for community-level assessment, we use nine statistical approaches to bias-correct and downscale HighResMIP precipitation to a 4-km resolution. The bias-correction and downscaling of climate model precipitation performs well for all models/members. Furthermore, we do not find significant changes in the magnitude flood peak projections for Iowa based on the HLM forced with HighResMIP outputs, or based on routed runoff, while there are indications that the variability in flood peaks is projected to increase across the state.

A pre-industrial control simulation with non-evolving pre-industrial conditions. Conditions chosen to be representative of the period prior to the onset of large-scale industrialization, with 1850 being the reference year. The piControl starts after an initial climate spin-up, during which the climate begins to come into balance with the forcing. The recommended minimum length for the piControl is 500 years. (CMIP6 Experiment). Users can access the data from the Earth System Grid Federation or Climate Data Gateway as registered users; see the 'Related links' section. Diagnostic plots are also available from the 'Related links'. NCAR users may access the data from Glade; path(s) listed in the 'Additional Information' section.

This dataset contains the daily Arctic sea ice area (SIA) and sea ice extent (SIE) data for all CMIP6 models and the historical period based on the NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record (CDR) created for Heuzé and Jahn, The first ice-free day in the Arctic Ocean could occur before 2030, accepted, Nature Communications. This is a derived dataset based on publicly available underlying data: - For the CMIP6 data, the SIA and SIE data included here is based on the daily siconc and siconca CMIP6 model output freely available on the CMIP6 data portals (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/). These pan-Arctic daily SIA and SIE were calculated north of 30N, on each model's native grid, using each models grid area data (areacello or areacella). SIA was defined as sea ice concentration multiplied by the grid cell area and summed over all grid cells. SIE was defined as the sum of the grid cell area for all grid cells where the sea ice concentration was larger than 0.15. All processed SIA and SIE data is included in this dataset, even if the model was later excluded from the analysis for one reason or another (see Heuzé and Jahn 2024, Methods section). All data included has the same number of days as the underlying model. The historical data spans 1980-2014 and can be found in the CMIP6_historical_data.zip file, and the scenario data spans 2015 to the end of the 21st century simulation, for multiple scenarios (SSPs), and can be found in CMIP6_ssp_data.zip. Files are provided as .zip files to make it easy to download all data at once, as the SIA and SIE data is saved in one file per model and ensemble member, and for the scenario simulations, also per ssp. - For the NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record (CDR), the SIA and SIE data included here is based on the NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 4, doi:10.7265/efmz-2t65, Meier et al 2021. The sea ice concentration is multiplied by the grid size of each grid box, for this data, 25x25 kilometers (km) = 625 kilometers squared (km2), and then summed over the full domain. In doing that, we include the interpolated data in the pole hole as included in the sea ice concentration data, but exclude all land/coastal grid points (i.e., values > 2.5 in the underlying data). As the filename indicates, we removed all leap year data from this data (dropped every Feb 29th) so that all years have 365 days. Note that while the file name says this data is for 19790101 to 20231231, it does indeed include 1978 as first year (so 1978-01-01-2023-12-31), with daily data starting on 1978-10-25 (nan before then). We did not change the name of the data file to still allow all archived scripts using this datafile to run. Scripts that work on this data associated with Heuzé and Jahn (2024) can be found at: https://zenodo.org/records/14008665, doi:10.5281/zenodo.14006059 References: Meier, W. N., F. Fetterer, A. K. Windnagel, and S. Stewart. 2021. NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 4. Boulder, Colorado, USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center https://doi.org/10.7265/efmz-2t65

This dataset comprises seven ensembles of hydrological model estimates of monthly mean and annual maximum river flows (m3s-1) on a 0.1 × 0.1 deg grid (approximate grid of 10 km × 10 km) across West Africa for historical (1950 to 2014) and projected future (2015 to 2100) periods. This dataset is the output from the Hydrological Modelling Framework for West Africa, or “HMF-WA” model. The ensembles correspond to CMIP6 (Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6) historical and three projected future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585) with two future scenarios of water use. The scenarios of water use are (i) future water use that varies in line with projected population increases, and (ii) future water use is the same as present day. This dataset is an output from the regional scale hydrological modelling study from African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis-2050 (AMMA-2050) project.

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.HighResMIP.MPI-M.MPI-ESM1-2-HR' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The MPI-ESM1.2-HR climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: none, prescribed MACv2-SP, atmos: ECHAM6.3 (spectral T127; 384 x 192 longitude/latitude; 95 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: JSBACH3.20, landIce: none/prescribed, ocean: MPIOM1.63 (tripolar TP04, approximately 0.4deg; 802 x 404 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-12 m), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC6, seaIce: unnamed (thermodynamic (Semtner zero-layer) dynamic (Hibler 79) sea ice model). The model was run by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany (MPI-M) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: none, ocean: 50 km, ocnBgchem: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the the EC-Earth-Consortium team EC-Earth3 model output for the "effective radiative forcing by present-day greenhouse gases" (piClim-ghg) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: Amon and day. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1.

CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6).

The the EC-Earth-Consortium team team consisted of the following agencies: La Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (Geomar), Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC), International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Lund University, Met Eireann, The Netherlands eScience Center (NLeSC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of Oxford, SURFsara, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Stockholm University, Unite ASTR, University College Dublin, University of Bergen, University of Copenhagen, University of Helsinki, University of Santiago de Compostela, Uppsala University, University of Utrecht, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Wageningen University.

The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

These datasets provide the ISMIP6 Projections 2300 Antarctica projection data that focus on simulations of the Antarctica Ice Sheet (AIS) extended to year 2300.

These simulations are based on CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate model outputs, and are a follow-on to the simulations to 2100 described in ISMIP6 Projections Antarctica and the papers by Nowicki et al. (2020) and Seroussi et al. (2020).

Downloading Data

The data can be downloaded from the Globus GHub-ISMIP6-Projections-2300 endpoint. Please log in and click on the Download tab to receive the Download instructions.

Processed CMIP6 output for Pauling et al. "The climate response to the Mt Pinatubo eruption does not constrain climate sensitivity" submitted to Geophysical Research Letters in 2023.

Download this GitHub repository: https://github.com/andrewpauling/paulingGRL2022 and place the unzipped "processed" folder inside the "data" folder.