Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry totaled 37.01 billion metric tons (GtCO₂) in 2023. Emissions are projected to have risen 1.08 percent in 2024 to reach a record high of 37.41 GtCO₂. Since 1990, global CO₂ emissions have increased by more than 60 percent. Who are the biggest emitters? The biggest contributor to global GHG emissions is China, followed by the United States. China wasn't always the world's biggest emitter, but rapid economic growth and industrialization in recent decades have seen emissions there soar. Since 1990, CO₂ emissions in China have increased by almost 450 percent. By comparison, U.S. CO₂ emissions have fallen by 6.1 percent. Nevertheless, the North American country remains the biggest carbon polluter in history. Global events cause emissions to drop The outbreak of COVID-19 caused global CO₂ emissions to plummet some 5.5 percent in 2020 as a result of lockdowns and other restrictions. However, this wasn't the only time in recent history when a major global event caused emissions reductions. For example, the global recession resulted in CO₂ levels to fall by almost two percent in 2009, while the recession in the early 1980s also had a notable impact on emissions. On a percentage basis, the largest annual reduction was at the end of the Second World War in 1945, when emissions decreased by 17 percent.

This CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions dataset is a collection of key metrics maintained by Our World in Data. It is updated regularly and includes data on CO2 emissions (annual, per capita, cumulative and consumption-based), other greenhouse gases, energy mix, and other relevant metrics.

For further details, please refer to https://github.com/owid/co2-data

In 2023, China was the biggest carbon polluter in the world by far, having released 11.9 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂). Although the U.S. was the second-biggest emitter, with 4.9 GtCO₂ in 2023, its CO₂ emissions have declined by 13 percent since 2010. By comparison, China’s CO₂ emissions have increased by more than 38 percent in the same period. Cumulative emissions Although China is currently the world's largest carbon polluter, the U.S. has released far more historical carbon dioxide emissions, at more than 400 GtCO₂ since 1750. The wide gap between the two countries is because China's emissions have mostly been produced in the past two decades. Combined, the U.S. and China account for roughly 40 percent of cumulative CO₂ emissions since the Industrial Revolution began. Sources of emissions One of the largest sources of global CO₂ emissions is the power sector, with electricity produced by coal-fired power plants a significant contributor. In China, emissions from coal-fired electricity generation have soared since the turn of the century, and reached 5.2 GtCO₂ in 2023.

United States US: CO2 Emissions data was reported at 5,254,279.285 kt in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,159,160.972 kt for 2013. United States US: CO2 Emissions data is updated yearly, averaging 4,823,403.118 kt from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2014, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,789,727.291 kt in 2005 and a record low of 2,880,505.507 kt in 1961. United States US: CO2 Emissions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Environment: Pollution. Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.; ; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; Gap-filled total;

Energy consumption in the United States produced 4.8 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂) in 2024 - a decrease of 0.4 percent from the previous year. U.S. CO₂ emissions from energy consumption have fallen by approximately 20 percent since 2005. Sources of emissions in the U.S. The main source of CO₂ emissions in the U.S. is the transportation sector. For many years, the power sector was the country’s biggest contributor to CO₂ emissions, but the transition towards cleaner energy sources and a shift away from coal-fired power generation – the most carbon intensive fossil fuel – have slashed emissions from this sector. Meanwhile, transportation emissions have continued to rise, except for an unprecedented drop in 2020 due to the outbreak of COVID-19. U.S. transportation emissions The U.S. is the biggest contributor to global transportation emissions by far. The states with the largest transportation-related emissions in the U.S. are Texas and California, which combined account for almost one quarter of total U.S. transportation emissions.

Per capita carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India have soared in recent decades, climbing from 0.4 metric tons per person in 1970 to a high of 2.07 metric tons per person in 2023. Total CO₂ emissions in India also reached a record high in 2023. Greenhouse gas emissions in India India is the third-largest CO₂ emitter globally, behind only China and the United States. Among the various economic sectors of the country, the power sector accounts for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions in India, followed by agriculture. Together, these two sectors were responsible for more than half of India's total emissions in 2023. Coal emissions One of the main reasons for India's high emissions is the country's reliance on coal, the most polluting of fossil fuels. India's CO₂ emissions from coal totaled roughly two billion metric tons in 2023, a near sixfold increase from 1990 levels.

Graph and download economic data for Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, All Fuels for California (EMISSCO2TOTVTTTOCAA) from 1970 to 2021 about carbon dioxide emissions, fuels, sector, CA, and USA.

Brazil BR: CO2 Emissions: Metric Tons per Capita data was reported at 1.943 Metric Ton in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.051 Metric Ton for 2019. Brazil BR: CO2 Emissions: Metric Tons per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 1.784 Metric Ton from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2020, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.515 Metric Ton in 2014 and a record low of 1.313 Metric Ton in 1990. Brazil BR: CO2 Emissions: Metric Tons per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Gas Emissions and Air Pollution. Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.;Emissions data are sourced from Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions (1990-2020). 2023. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at: https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions;Weighted average;

This API provides data back to 1990 and projections annually, monthly, and quarterly for 18 months. Summarizes CO2 emissions from coal, fossil fuels, natural gas, and petroleum and other liquid fuels.Users of the EIA API are required to obtain an API Key via this registration form: http://www.eia.gov/beta/api/register.cfm

CO2 Emissions in China decreased to 12667430 KT in 2022 from 12717660 KT in 2021. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China CO2 Emissions.

CO2 emissions of dwellings in England and Wales, by property type, tenure, property age and whether new or existing.

Iran IR: CO2 Emissions data was reported at 649,480.705 kt in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 619,778.005 kt for 2013. Iran IR: CO2 Emissions data is updated yearly, averaging 164,028.577 kt from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2014, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 649,480.705 kt in 2014 and a record low of 36,541.655 kt in 1961. Iran IR: CO2 Emissions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.World Bank.WDI: Environment: Pollution. Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.; ; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; Gap-filled total;

This dataset contains CO2 Emissions by sectors for 2020. Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research. Notes:Note: The IEA Greenhouse gas emissions from energy product replaces the IEA CO2 emissions from fuel combustion product, with expanded content. Similarly, the Greenhuose gas emissions from energy highlights replaces the IEA CO2 emissions from fuel combustion highlights. This extract from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy 2022 database contains an extensive selection of GHG emissions data for over 190 countries and regions. Emissions data are based on the IEA World Energy Balances 2022 and on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

This dataset provides values for CO2 EMISSIONS reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The aim of this dataset is to provide nationally consistent carbon dioxide emission estimates at local authority and regional level. This work has been made possible following the publication of local gas, electricity and road transport fuel consumption estimates. Gas Consumption, Electricity Consumption. 'For detailed information on data quality and methodology of this project, please read the Ricardo-AEA report. The sources included and excluded in the estimates are based on guidelines set out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). For example, the estimates need to include emissions caused by all domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural fuel and electricity use, as well as emissions associated with transport and land use change. However, international shipping and aviation are excluded. Data provided is an extract of data from Local and Regional CO2 Emissions Estimates 2005 - 2012 published by Department of Energy and Climate Change on 2014-06-26T00:00:00 - filtered to show emissions for Glasgow City local authority area. Full UK dataset available here. Produced by Ricardo-AEA for DECC Licence: None

This data product is a time series of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture. Estimates of CO2 emissions are included for the globe and by nation back to 1751, and include emissions from solid fuel consumption, liquid fuel consumption, gas fuel consumption, cement production, and gas flaring. Per capita CO2 emissions and emissions from international trade (bunker fuels) are included as well; bunker fuels are not included in country totals, but are assigned to the country in which loading took place. Estimates are generated using the United Nations Energy Statistics database and the United States Geologic Survey’s cement statistics. Datasets produced from this group at Appalachian State University are located here, and are also located at https://energy.appstate.edu/research/work-areas/cdiac-appstate. Historic CDIAC data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory are located here: https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2017. This dataset is the foundational dataset for the annual global carbon budget and other carbon cycle analyses that need relevant fossil fuel CO2 data. Within this data package are spreadsheets (.csv) of global and national estimates of CO2 emissions as well as text files of the ranking of each country’s total CO2 emissions and per capita for that year.

Publications containing historical energy statistics make it possible to estimate fossil fuel CO2 emissions back to 1751. Etemad et al. (1991) published a summary compilation that tabulates coal, brown coal, peat, and crude oil production by nation and year. Footnotes in the Etemad et al.(1991) publication extend the energy statistics time series back to 1751. Summary compilations of fossil fuel trade were published by Mitchell (1983, 1992, 1993, 1995). Mitchell's work tabulates solid and liquid fuel imports and exports by nation and year. These pre-1950 production and trade data were digitized and CO2 emission calculations were made following the procedures discussed in Marland and Rotty (1984) and Boden et al. (1995). Further details on the contents and processing of the historical energy statistics are provided in Andres et al. (1999). The 1950 to present CO2 emission estimates are derived primarily from energy statistics published by the United Nations (2017), using the methods of Marland and Rotty (1984). The energy statistics were compiled primarily from annual questionnaires distributed by the U.N. Statistical Office and supplemented by official national statistical publications. As stated in the introduction of the Statistical Yearbook, "in a few cases, official sources are supplemented by other sources and estimates, where these have been subjected to professional scrutiny and debate and are consistent with other independent sources." Data from the U.S. Department of Interior's Geological Survey (USGS 2017) were used to estimate CO2 emitted during cement production. Values for emissions from gas flaring were derived primarily from U.N. data but were supplemented with data from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (1994), Rotty (1974), and data provided by G. Marland. Greater details about these methods are provided in Marland and Rotty (1984), Boden et al. (1995), and Andres et al. (1999). For access to the data files, click this link to the CDIAC data transition website: http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/overview_2014.html

Annual country-level estimates for 66 countries for the three indicators are presented by industry for 45 industries, for the years 1995-2018.CO₂ emissions from fuel consumption are in millions of metric tons of CO₂.CO₂ emissions intensities are in metric tons of CO₂ emissions per $1 million USD of output.CO₂ emissions multipliers are in metric tons of CO₂ emissions per $1 million USD of output.Sources: OECD (2021), OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Database, https://oe.cd/icio; OECD (2021), Trade in embodied CO₂ (TeCO2) Database, https://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/carbondioxideemissionsembodiedininternationaltrade.htm; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2021. Input-Output Tables (IOTs) (https://oe.cd/i-o).Category: Greenhouse Gas (GHG) EmissionsData series: CO2 emissionsCO2 emissions intensitiesCO2 emissions multipliersMetadata:Input-Output tables and Carbon Emissions for 66 Countries and 45 industries have been taken from the OECD’s compilation of indicators on “Carbon dioxide emissions embodied in international trade” (2021 ed.) which combines the Input-Output Database and Trade in embodied CO₂ (TeCO2) Database. In this release of TeCO2 sourced from OECD, emissions from fuels used for international aviation and maritime transport (i.e. aviation and marine bunkers) are also considered.The data series “CO₂ emissions, emission intensities; emission multipliers” was earlier referred to as “Carbon emissions from fuel combustion per unit of output” in the previous vintage of the Climate Change Indicator Dashboard.Methodology:CO₂ emission intensities are calculated by dividing the CO₂ emissions from fuel consumption by output from the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Tables and multiplying the result by 1 million for scaling purposes. CO₂ emission multipliers are calculated by multiplying the Leontief inverse (also known as output multipliers matrix) from the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Tables by the CO₂ emission intensities.Disclaimer:Users are encouraged to examine the documentation, metadata, and sources associated with the data. User feedback on the fit-for-use of this product and whether the various dimensions of the product are appropriate is welcome.Note on CO2 Emissions, Intensities, and Multipliers, June 2022Update of the CO₂ emissions by industry - April 2022

United States CO2 Emissions: Tonnes of CO2 Equivalent per Capita per Year data was reported at 13.831 Tonne in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.240 Tonne for 2022. United States CO2 Emissions: Tonnes of CO2 Equivalent per Capita per Year data is updated yearly, averaging 19.743 Tonne from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.748 Tonne in 1973 and a record low of 13.475 Tonne in 2020. United States CO2 Emissions: Tonnes of CO2 Equivalent per Capita per Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission’s Directorate-General for Joint Research Centre. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.DG JRC.EDGAR: Environmental: Greenhouse Gas Emissions: CO2 Emissions: Annual.