World coastline intended for use at 1:10 million scales.

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Calculated trend values horizontal position coastline relative to the Base Coastline for the year 2010. Numbers and maps are processed annually in the coastal map book issued by RWS WVL. Based on this book, the supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined. Shown is the trend in diversion of the position of the coastline to be checked (TKL) relative to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table, all test parameters calculated by MorphAn software. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and shows the location of the tkl (seaward/landward). Calculated trend values horizontal position coastline relative to the Base Coastline for the year 2010. Numbers and maps are processed annually in the coastal map book issued by RWS WVL. Based on this book, the supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined. Shown is the trend in diversion of the position of the coastline to be checked (TKL) relative to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table, all test parameters calculated by MorphAn software. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and shows the location of the tkl (seaward/landward). Calculated trend values horizontal position coastline relative to the Base Coastline for the year 2010. Numbers and maps are processed annually in the coastal map book issued by RWS WVL. Based on this book, the supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined. Shown is the trend in diversion of the position of the coastline to be checked (TKL) relative to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table, all test parameters calculated by MorphAn software. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and shows the location of the tkl (seaward/landward). Calculated trend values horizontal position coastline relative to the Base Coastline for the year 2010. Numbers and maps are processed annually in the coastal map book issued by RWS WVL. Based on this book, the supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined. Shown is the trend in diversion of the position of the coastline to be checked (TKL) relative to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table, all test parameters calculated by MorphAn software. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and shows the location of the tkl (seaward/landward).

Click here to download the point cloud data for the North Shore coastline

  DATA ACQUISITION


    Airborne Data Acquisition

  An airborne laser scanner survey was conducted over the North Shore, from North Head to Long Bay
    (approximately 22.5 km following the shoreline). Operations were undertaken on 19th June 2019 in good flying
    conditions. Data were acquired using a Riegl VUX-1LR lidar system, mounted on an EC120 helicopter, operated
    by Christchurch Helicopters. The laser survey was based on the following parameters:



      Parameter


      Parameter



      Scanner
      Riegl VUX-1LR
      Pulse Repetition
      820 kHz


      Flying Height
      50-80 m above ground
      Swath Overlap
      75-100%


      Scan Angle
      180 degrees
      Aircraft speed
      45 knots


      Scan Frequency
      170 Lines per second
      Nominal pulse density
      50 pls/m2 (p/flightline)



  The scanner-IMU was mounted on a front facing boom extending below the cockpit with an unobstructed
    240-degree field of view, with a GNSS antenna mounted on the cockpit. 
  Survey operations were conducted from North Shore Aerodrome, with each survey comprising a sequence of short,
    linear flightlines aligned to the coast. Flightlines were acquired north-south, and then south-north, to
    account for the effects of occlusion during a single overpass. Each return sortie too approximately 70 mins
    of flying time (not including travel time to and from a regional base). Following the first sortie, all
    instrumentation was powered down and dismounted, before being remounted and reinitialized. This approach
    mimics exactly the procedure that would be followed between two widely separately surveys in time.
  Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Base Station Data
  GNSS observations were recorded at a 3rd order (2V) LINZ geodetic mark (GSAL) to correct the roving
    positional track recorded at the sensor. This is a continuous operating reference station (CORS) operating
    as part of Global Surveys Leica Geosystems SmartFix network, recording observations at 1 s. The details of
    the reference station are as follows:



      LINZ
        Benchmark Code:
      GSAL (Albany Triton)


      Benchmark Position:

      Latitude:
      36° 44' 27.51079" S


      Longitude:
      174° 43' 23.50966" E


      Ellipsoidal height
        (m):
      88.262


      Antenna:

      Leica AS10



  A further ground survey of check point data was acquired using Leica GS15 GNSS systems operating using
    network RTK GNSS based on the Global Survey SmartFix network. >300 observations were acquired from
    across the survey area, classified by land-cover to include hard surfaces (roads); and short grass pasture.
    Note: network RTK GNSS have typical absolute accuracies of 4-6 cm over the baseline lengths used here (15-25
    km).
  Real Time Kinematic GNSS Checkpoint Data
  A distributed network of 351 checkpoints were acquired as checkpoints to evaluate the vertical accuracy and
    precision of the survey data. All points were collected using network-derived RTK GNSS observations based
    on the Leica Geosystems SmartFix network of broadcasting referencing stations. Measurements were acquired
    with a Leica GS16 receiver on the 24th January 2020, and acquisition settings that enforced a 3D standard
    deviation of < 0.025 m for each observation. To capture any broad scale patterns of georeferencing
    error, the checkpoints were collected in four regional surveys at Browns Bay, Mairangi Bay, Milford and
    Narrow Neck, as shown in Figure 6 overleaf.

  DATA PROCESSING
  Trajectory Modelling
  Lidar positioning and orientation (POS) was determined using the roving GNSS/IMU and static GNSS observations
    acquired using Waypoint Inertial Explorer Software. The resulting solution maintained attitude separation
    of less than +-2 arcmin and positional separation of less than +-1 cm. Trajectories were solved
    independently for each of the two surveys.
  Lidar Calibration
  Swath calibration based on overlap analysis was undertaken using the TerraScan and TerraMatch software
    suite. Flightline calibration was undertaken to solve for global and flightline specific deviations and
    fluctuations in attitude and DZ based on over 100,000 tie-lines derived from ground observations. The
    results of the calibration, based on all used tie-lines is shown in Table 2 below:




      Survey
      Initial mean 3D
        mismatch (m)
      Calibrated mean 3D
        mismatch


      1
      0.055
      0.014


      2
      0.044
      0.011



  Point Cloud Classification
  Data were classified using standard routines into ground, above ground and noise.

    For Survey 1, the point density over the entire area is 97.5 points/m² for all point classes and 44.2
      points/m2 for only ground points.
    For Survey 2, the point density over the entire area is 55.7 points/m² for all point classes and 30.9
      points/m2 for only ground points.

  The difference between the two datasets reflects trimming of Survey 1 to incorporate only the coastal fringe,
    while Survey 2 extends inland by typically 300 m to provide a demonstration of the potential wider coverage
    observable from the flightpath. On the beach areas and along the cliff sections, typical densities are in
    excess of 100 points/m2 in both surveys. The final point cloud classification for each survey is shown in
    Table 3:



      Surface Type
      Classification Code

      Point Class
      Survey 1
        Observations
      Survey 2
        Observations


      Unclassified
      1
      Off-Ground
      204,644,243
      226,749,086


      Ground
      2
      Ground
      143,160,406
      182,111,679


      Total Points


      347,804,649
      408,860,765

The Coastal Overview data layers identifies the lead authority for the management of discrete stretches of the English coast as defined by the Seaward of the Schedule 4 boundary of the Coastal Protection Act 1949. The data are intended as a reference for GIS users and Coastal Engineers with GIS capability to identify the responsible authority or whether the coast is privately owned. The information has been assigned from the following sources, listed in by preference: Shoreline Management Plans 1; Environment Agency’s RACE database; Consultation with Coastal Business User Group and Local Authority Maritime records where possible. A confidence rating is attributed based on where the data has been attributed from and the entry derived from the source data. The following data is intended as a reference document for GIS users and Coastal Engineers with GIS capability to identify the responsible authority and the assigned EA Coastal Engineer so as to effectively manage the coast for erosion and flooding. The product comprises 3 GIS layers that are based on the OS MasterMap Mean High Watermark and consists of the following data layers that are intended to be displayed as with the confidence factor that the information is correct. Coastal Overview Map [Polyline] –details the Lead Authority, EA Contact and other overview information for coast sections; Coastal Overview Map [Point] – shows the start point of the discrete stretch of coast and the lead authority; and Coastal Legislative Layer [Polyline] - represents the predominant risk; flooding or erosion, which are assigned to each section of the coastline.

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of MIAMI TO FORT LAUDERDALE, FL . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808

Calculated trend values ​​for the horizontal position of the coastline in relation to the Basic Coastline for the year 2009. Figures and maps are processed annually in the coastline map book published by RWS WVL. The supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined on the basis of this book. The trend in deviation of the position of the coastline to be tested (TKL) is shown in relation to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table all test parameters that are calculated by testing software MorphAn. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and indicates the location of the tkl (seaward/landward).

This record is for Approval for Access product AfA196. This dataset identifies which second generation Shoreline Management Plan is applicable to a particular stretch of coastline. It also identifies the policies which are applicable. It is a polyline, spatial data layer. A Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) is a large-scale assessment of the risks associated with coastal processes and helps reduce these risks to people and the developed, historic and natural environments. Coastal processes include tidal patterns, wave height, wave direction and the movement of beach and seabed materials. The SMPs provide a ‘route map’ for local authorities and other decision makers to move from the present situation towards meeting our future needs, and will identify the most sustainable approaches to managing the risks to the coast in the short term (0-20 years), medium term (20-50 years) and long term (50-100 years). INFORMATION WARNING This dataset was created for the purposes of creating a strategic overview map; as a consequence it was created at a notional scale of 1:250,000, this means that the definition of the breakpoints and the accuracy to which the SMP lengths reflect the 'coastline' is suitable for strategic level use only. Consideration should be given as to whether it should be replaced by a more accurate representation. More detailed representations of the SMP boundaries may be available at Local/Regional level. Costing information is at a broad scale and indicative only. It not appropriate for any detailed costings work, or for identifying planned capital expenditure. This dataset contains hyperlinks to websites operated by other parties. We do not control such websites and we take no responsibility for, and will not incur any liability in respect of, their content. Our inclusion of hyperlinks to such websites does not imply any endorsement of views, statements or information contained in such websites.

Calculated trend values for the horizontal position of the coastline in relation to the Base Coastline for the year 2016. Figures and maps are processed annually in the coastal map book published by RWS WVL. Based on this book, the supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined. Depicted is the trend in deviation of the position of the coast line to be tested (TKL) in relation to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table all test parameters calculated by testing software MorphAn. The colouring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and indicates the location of the tkl (seaward/landward).

Calculated trend values ​​for the horizontal position of the coastline in relation to the Basic Coastline for the year 2011. Figures and maps are processed annually in the coastline map book published by RWS WVL. The supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined on the basis of this book. The trend in deviation of the position of the coastline to be tested (TKL) is shown in relation to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table all test parameters that are calculated by testing software MorphAn. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and indicates the location of the tkl (seaward/landward).

The map extent is the Arctic, defined as the Arctic Bioclimate Zone, the area of the Earth with tundra vegetation and an Arctic climate and Arctic flora. It excludes tundra regions that lack an Arctic flora, such as the boreal oceanic areas of Iceland, the Aleutian Island, and the alpine tundra regions south of latitudinal tree line. Tundra is a physiognomic descriptor of low-growing vegetation beyond the cold limit of tree growth, both at high elevation (alpine tundra) and at high latitude (arctic tundra). Tundra vegetation types are composed of various combinations of herbaceous plants, shrubs, mosses and lichens. Tree line defines the southern limit of the Arctic Bioclimate Zone. In some regions of the Arctic, especially Canada and Chukotka, the forest tundra transition is gradual and interpretation of treeline directly from the AVHRR imagery was not possible. Back to Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map Go to Website Link :: Toolik Arctic Geobotanical Atlas below for details on legend units, photos of map units and plant species, glossary, bibliography and links to ground data. Map Themes: AVHRR Biomass 2010, AVHRR Biomass Trend 1982-2010, AVHRR False Color Infrared 1993-1995, AVHRR NDVI 1993-1995, AVHRR NDVI Trend 1982-2010, AVHRR Summer Warmth Index 1982-2003, Bioclimate Subzone, Coastline and Treeline, Elevation, Floristic Provinces, Lake Cover, Landscape Physiography, Landscape Age, Substrate Chemistry, Vegetation References Elvebakk, A. 1999. Bioclimate delimitation and subdivisions of the Arctic. Pages 81-112 in I. Nordal and V. Y. Razzhivin, editors. The Species Concept in the High North - A Panarctic Flora Initiative. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo. Yurtsev, B. A. 1994. Floristic divisions of the Arctic. Journal of Vegetation Science 5:765-776.

Calculated trend values for the horizontal position of the coastline in relation to the Base Coastline for the year 2019. Figures and maps are processed annually in the coastal map book published by RWS WVL. Based on this book, the supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined. Depicted is the trend in deviation of the position of the coast line to be tested (TKL) in relation to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table all test parameters calculated by testing software MorphAn. The colouring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and indicates the location of the tkl (seaward/landward).

Coastal Area & Boundary Polygon:

The Coastal Area layer is a 1:24,000-scale, polygon feature-based layer that includes the land and waters that lie within the Coastal Area as defined by Connecticut General Statute (C.G.S.) 22a-94(a). Activities and actions conducted within the coastal area by Federal and State Agencies (i.e., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE), DEP regulatory programs, and state plans and actions) must be consistent with all of the applicable standards and criteria contained in the Connecticut Coastal Management Act (C.G.S. 22a-90 to 22a-113). A subset of the Coastal Area, the Coastal Boundary, represents an area within which activities regulated or conducted by coastal municipalities must be consistent with the Coastal Management Act. As defined in this section of the statutes, the Coastal Area includes the land and water within the area delineated by the following: the westerly, southerly and easterly limits of the state's jurisdiction in Long Island Sound; the towns of Greenwich, Stamford, Darien, Norwalk, Westport, Fairfield, Bridgeport, Stratford, Shelton, Milford, Orange, West Haven, New Haven, Hamden, North Haven, East Haven, Branford, Guilford, Madison, Clinton, Westbrook, Deep River, Chester, Essex, Old Saybrook, Lyme, Old Lyme, East Lyme, Waterford, New London, Montville, Norwich, Preston, Ledyard, Groton and Stonington. This layer includes a single polygon feature defined by the boundaries described above. Attribute information is comprised of an Av_Legend to denote the coastal area. Data is compiled at 1:24,000 scale. This data is not updated.

The Coastal Boundary layer is a 1:24,000-scale, polygon feature-based layer of the legal mylar-based maps adopted by the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) (i.e., maps were adopted on a town by town basis) showing the extent of lands and coastal waters as defined by Connecticut General Statute (C.G.S.) 22a-93(5)) within Connecticut's coastal area (defined by C.G.S. 22a-94(c)). The coastal boundary is a hybrid of the original 1:24,000 version maps prepared by DEP consistent with C.G.S. 22a-94(d) (Coastal Area) and the revised boundary mapping undertaken by twenty-two coastal towns prepared pursuant to C.G.S. 22a-94(f). This layer therefore does not replace the legal maps and may not be used for legal determinations. The Coastal Boundary layer includes a single polygon feature that represents the coastal boundary. No other features are included in this layer. Data is compiled at 1:24,000 scale. Attribute information is comprised of an Av_Legend attribute and a CoastB_Flg attribute to denote the coastal boundary. Other attributes include automatically calculated Shape_Length and Shape_Area fields. This data is not updated. Any regulated activity conducted within the coastal boundary by a municipal agency (i.e., plans of development, zoning regulations, municipal coastal programs and coastal site plan review (i.e., site plans submitted to zoning commission, subdivision or resubdivision plans submitted to planning commission, application for special permit or exception to the zoning or planning commissions or zoning board of appeals, variance submitted to zoning board of appeals and a referral of a municipal project)) must be conducted in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Connecticut Coastal Management Act (CMA; C.G.S. 22a-90 to 22a-113). As the Coastal Boundary is a hybrid of the Coastal Area, all state and federal agency activities must be consistent with the requirements of the CMA. As defined in C.G.S. 22a-94(b) the coastal boundary is a "continuous line delineated on the landward side by the interior contour elevation of the one hundred year frequency coastal flood zone, as defined and determined by the National Flood Insurance Act, as amended (USC 42 Section 4101, P.L. 93-234), or a one thousand foot linear setback measured from the mean high water mark in coastal waters, or a one thousand foot linear setback measured from the inland boundary of tidal wetlands mapped under section 22a-20, whichever is farthest inland; and shall be delineated on the seaward side by the seaward extent of the jurisdiction of the state." The original boundary maps were created in 1979 on stable mylar overlay using the 1:24,000-scale US Geological Survey topographic quadrangle maps (mylar film format). The source for tidal wetland maps were the legal 1:24,000 maps (mylar format) adopted by the Commissioner of DEP and transformed to 1:24,000 mylar-scale maps by the Office of Policy and Management (OPM) using an accurate pantograph. OPM similarly converted FEMA's flood insurance maps (various scales) to a 1:24,000 mylar overlay. The inland extent of coastal waters was plotted on 1:24,000 USGS topographic maps following the procedures and sources described in The Boundary Between Saltwater and Freshwater in Connecticut, December 1978 prepared by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, Coastal Area Management Program. The following twenty-two towns have adopted municipal coastal boundaries: Chester, Clinton, Darien, Deep River, East Haven, Essex, Fairfield, Greenwich, Groton, Guilford, Hamden, Ledyard, Madison, Milford, New Haven, New London, North Haven, Norwalk, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, Stamford and Waterford. The coastal boundary maps for these towns may be at different scales than the original DEP draft maps and may contain minor adjustments to the boundary as permitted in C.G.S. 22a-94(f).

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Outer Banks, Roanoke Island to Cape Hatteras, NC . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal C...

This map includes shoreline change data for the state of Massachusetts hosted by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management.The active data layer in this map is Massachusetts Shoreline Change Transect (1970-2014) with short-term shoreline change rates. To view long-term rates, open map in Map Viewer to turn on layer.The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast. The shoreline position and change rate are used to inform management decisions regarding the erosion of coastal resources. In 2001, a shoreline from 1994 was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. In 2013, two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts were added using 2008-9 color aerial orthoimagery and 2007 topographic lidar datasets obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. In 2018 two new mean high water (MHW) shorelines for Massachusetts were extracted from lidar collected between 2010 and 2014 (described below). 2018 addition shoreline 1The North Shore and South Coast uses 2010 lidar data collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise. The South Shore and Outer Cape uses 2011 lidar data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Geospatial Program Office. Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard uses 2012 lidar data collected by the USACE (post Sandy)from a 2012 USACE Post Sandy Topographic lidar survey. 2018 addition shoreline 2The North Shore, Boston, South Shore, Cape Cod Bay, Outer Cape, South Cape, Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, and the South Coast (around Buzzards Bay to the Rhode Island Border) is from 2013-14 lidar data collected by the (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. This 2018 update of the rate of shoreline change in Massachusetts includes two types of rates. Some of the rates include a proxy-datum bias correction, this is indicated in the filename with “PDB”. The rates that do not account for this correction have “NB” in their file names. The proxy-datum bias is applied because in some areas a proxy shoreline (like a High Water Line shoreline) has a bias when compared to a datum shoreline (like a Mean High Water shoreline). In areas where it exists, this bias should be accounted for when calculating rates using a mix of proxy and datum shorelines. This issue is explained further in Ruggiero and List (2009) and in the process steps of the metadata associated with the rates. This release includes both long-term (~150 years) and short term (~30 years) rates. Files associated with the long-term rates have “LT” in their names, files associated with short-term rates have “ST” in their names.

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of NEW YORK HARBOR, UPPER BAY AND NARROWS, NY-NJ . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cart...

An outline map showing the coastline and boundaries of Canada with names for the provinces and territories.

A web map featuring Alaska Coastline, digitized from USGS Quad maps.

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Port of San Francisco, CA . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attr...

Calculated trend values ​​for the horizontal position of the coastline in relation to the Basic Coastline for the year 2018. Figures and maps are processed annually in the coastline map book published by RWS WVL. The supplementation schedule for the year 2 years after measurement is determined on the basis of this book. The trend in deviation of the position of the coastline to be tested (TKL) is shown in relation to the Base Coastline. In the underlying table all test parameters that are calculated by testing software MorphAn. The coloring indicates the direction of the trend (seaward/landward) and indicates the location of the tkl (seaward/landward).

A map showing all the planned, funded, in progress, and complete coastal mapping activities for Alaska, symbolized by technology type (imagery, shoreline vector, topobathy lidar, sonar). The purpose of this map is to show progress toward coastal mapping completion for Alaska, as well as to provide a common operating picture for collaboration, pooling of resources, and outreach coordination. Simplified coastline and large communities layers acquired from the Alaska State Geoportal.Used in Dashboard for Alaska Coastal Mapping Strategy Hub site Dashboard: https://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/8b2e8dcc5f3c4f85aac9434ae642e125hub site: https://alaska-coastal-mapping-strategy-noaa.hub.arcgis.com/