The 2023 collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank marked two of the most significant banking failures in modern U.S. history. Among bank failures since 2001, SVB's collapse ranks second in terms of deposit losses, surpassed only by Washington Mutual Bank's 2008 failure, which saw 188 billion U.S. dollars in lost deposits. Signature Bank's failure ranks as the fourth-largest during this period. The magnitude of these 2023 failures becomes even more striking when considering their combined asset losses nearly matched the total assets lost during the 2008 financial crisis, when 25 banks collapsed.

Title: Banking Without Governance: The Paradox of Financial Performance Under Institutional Collapse in Haiti
Authors: Scott M. Brown, Jempsy Fils-Aime, Paul LaTortue, Adam Welker
Keywords: Haiti, institutional collapse, governance substitution, financial sector, education spending, elite containment, V-Dem, property rights, institutional co-production

Description:
This dataset and accompanying research examine an institutional paradox in Haiti: sustained growth in the formal banking sector amid a prolonged decline in rule of law, judicial independence, and anti-corruption enforcement. Drawing on panel data from major Haitian banks (2003–2019), merged with Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) institutional quality indicators and UNESCO education spending data, the study reveals that capital accumulation in fragile states can persist through informal resilience mechanisms and elite-controlled financial structures.

The findings challenge conventional assumptions in institutional and agency theory by showing how elites strategically withhold or channel capital to reinforce stability without enabling democratic reform. In particular, the study shows that private education spending—while correlated with reduced corruption and greater civic participation—is also associated with declines in rule of law and polyarchy. This pattern suggests a strategy of elite containment rather than transformation.

The dataset includes longitudinal financial statements for Haiti’s five largest banks, matched to governance indicators and education finance variables. The analytical scripts (in Python) and regression outputs provide a replicable foundation for studying governance dynamics in weak-state environments.

This study contributes to international business theory by proposing a multidimensional framework of governance substitution and institutional co-production. It underscores the need for inclusive, bottom-up financial reform and offers comparative policy insights from other fragile states such as Lebanon, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Somalia, and Venezuela.

As of January 2025, the largest all-time bankruptcy in the United States remained Lehman Brothers. The New York-based investment bank had assets worth 691 billion U.S. dollars when it filed for bankruptcy on September 15, 2008. This event was one of the major points in the timeline of the Great Recession, as it was the first time a bank of its size had failed and had a domino effect on the global banking sector, as well as wiping almost five percent of the S&P 500 in one day. Bank failures in the U.S. In March 2023, for the first time since 2021, two banks collapsed in the United States. Both bank failures made the list of largest bankruptcies in terms of total assets lost: The failure of Silicon Valley Bank amounted to roughly 209 billion U.S. dollars worth of assets lost, while Signature Bank had approximately 110.4 billion U.S. dollars when it collapsed. These failures mark the second- and the third-largest bank failures in the U.S. since 2001. Unprofitable banks in the U.S. The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank painted an alarming picture of the U.S. banking industry. In reality, however, the state of the industry was much better in 2022 than in earlier periods of economic downturns. The share of unprofitable banks, for instance, was 3.4 percent in 2022, which was an increase compared to 2021, but remained well below the share of unprofitable banks in 2020, let alone during the global financial crisis in 2008. The share of unprofitable banks in the U.S. peaked in 2009, when almost 30 percent of all FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions were unprofitable.

This statistic shows public evaluation of who was to blame for the economic problems in each country as of 2012. 78 percent of respondents in Spain felt that it was the banks and financial institutions that were most to blame for the current economic problems in their own country as of 2012.

Explore Crash proof 2.0 : how to profit from the economic collapse through data • Key facts: author, publication date, book publisher, book series, book subjects • Real-time news, visualizations and datasets

A growing body of literature scrutinizes the harmful consequences of capital flight to offshore financial destinations. While financial integration is a well-known facilitator of capital flight, we shed light on an under-appreciated determinant--the availability of an IMF bailout. Expanding on previous literature analyzing moral hazard in the context of IMF programs, we introduce a socially even more destructive mechanism that we label the `crash for cash' effect. We argue that by drawing on the IMF, elites can benefit from accumulating excessive debt to extract rents and hide these safely in offshore financial destinations while steering their countries into financial disaster. To test this mechanism, we show that elite wealth in offshore bank accounts has a first-order impact on a captured government's willingness to draw on a lender of last resort. From a policy perspective, our analysis underscores the importance of closing financial loopholes to mitigate the devastating socio-economic effects of sophisticated financial engineering in a financially integrated global economy.

Lehman Brothers, the fourth largest investment bank on Wall Street, declared bankruptcy on the 15th of September 2008, becoming the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. The investment house, which was founded in the mid-19th century, had become heavily involved in the U.S. housing bubble in the early 2000s, with its large holdings of toxic mortgage-backed securities (MBS) ultimately causing the bank's downfall. The bank had expanded rapidly following the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999, which meant that investment banks could also engage in commercial banking activities. Lehman vertically integrated their mortgage business, buying smaller commercial enterprises that originated housing loans, which allowed the bank to expand its MBS holdings. The downfall of Lehman and the crash of '08 As the U.S. housing market began to slow down in 2006, the default rate on housing loans began to spike, triggering losses for Lehman from their MBS portfolio. Lehman's main competitor in mortgage financing, Bear Stearns, was bought by J.P. Morgan Chase in order to prevent bankruptcy in March 2008, leading investors and lenders to become increasingly concerned about the bank's financial health. As the bank relied on short-term funding on money markets in order to meet its obligations, the news of its huge losses in the third-quarter of 2008 further prevented it from funding itself on financial markets. By September, it was clear that without external assistance, the bank would fail. As its losses from credit default swaps mounted due to the deepening crash in the housing market, Lehman was forced to declare bankruptcy on September 15, as no buyer could be found to save the bank. The collapse of Lehman triggered panic in global financial markets, forcing the U.S. government to step in and bail-out the insurance giant AIG the next day on September 16. The effects of this financial crisis hit the non-financial economy hard, causing a global recession in 2009.

This paper studies the long run effects of financial crises using new bank and town level data from around the Great Depression. We find evidence that banking markets became much more concentrated in areas that experienced a greater initial collapse in the local banking system. There is also evidence that financial regulation after the Great Depression, and in particular limits on bank branching, may have helped to render the effects of the initial collapse persistent. All of this suggests a reason why post-crisis financial regulation, while potentially reducing financial instability, might also have longer run real consequences.

This paper takes the financial independent directors’ compensation of listed companies from 2014 to 2020 as the research object and uses empirical analysis to study whether the compensation of financial independent directors promotes or inhibits stock price collapse. The research results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the compensation of financial independent directors of listed companies and stock price collapse. In state-owned enterprises, the compensation of financial independent directors has an inhibitory effect on stock price collapse, but it is not significant. In non-state-owned enterprises, the compensation of financial independent directors has a significant promoting effect on stock price collapse. Further research finds that the improvement of internal control quality can weaken the promoting effect of financial independent directors’ compensation on stock price collapse to a certain extent, and the weakening effect is particularly evident in non-state-owned enterprises. The attendance frequency of financial independent directors cannot effectively suppress stock price collapse, but instead has a promoting effect.

The dataset contains data on Percentage Distribution of Financial Institutions and Sources such as Bank, Private Finance, Own Finance and other sources, from which Maximum Finance was taken by Households for New House or Flat

Explore Intelligence on the economic collapse of Japan in 1945 through data from visualizations to datasets, all based on diverse sources.

Abstract

For the first time since 1982, in 2009, global trade flows will not grow. According to the latest IMF projections global trade in goods and services is expected to drop by 11% during 2009 and to stagnate in year 2010. The recent collapse in exports following the unfolding of the financial crisis has generated new pressing questions about the relationship between banking crises and exports growth. Are the supply shocks due to the collapse in the banking system responsible for the falls in exports? Or is what we observe completely attributable to the demand side where we have also observed unprecedented drops particularly in developed countries? In Iacovone and Zavacka (2009) we explore these questions using data, below, from 23 past banking crises episodes involving both developed and developing countries during 1980-2000.

Kind of data

Aggregate data [agg]

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

This is the replication code repository for the publication "Why did bank stocks crash during COVID-19?" by Viral Acharya, Robert Enge (both NYU), Maximilian Jager and Sascha Steffen (both Frankfurt School of Finance & Management) in the Review of Financial Studies.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Nifty 50: Climb or Crash?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 5 rows and is filtered where the books is Austrian reconstruction and the collapse of global finance, 1921-1931. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA - All Employees: Financial Activities: Credit Intermediation and Related Activities including Monetary Authorities - Central Bank in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (NECTA) was 11.70000 Thous. of Persons in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA - All Employees: Financial Activities: Credit Intermediation and Related Activities including Monetary Authorities - Central Bank in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (NECTA) reached a record high of 16.10000 in January of 2006 and a record low of 9.10000 in January of 1995. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA - All Employees: Financial Activities: Credit Intermediation and Related Activities including Monetary Authorities - Central Bank in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (NECTA) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

Datasets extracted from the Fall Economic Statement 2018.

We analyze the effects of financial and trade globalization on the likelihood of financial crashes in emerging markets. While trade globalization always makes crashes less likely, financial globalization may make them more likely, especially when trade costs are high. Pessimistic expectations can be self-fulfilling and lead to a collapse in demand for goods and assets. Such a crash comes with a current account reversal and drops in income and investment. Lower-income countries are more prone to such demand-based financial crises. A quantitative evaluation shows our model is consistent with the main stylized facts of financial crashes in emerging markets. (JEL F12, F32, F37, F41, O16)

This technical note reviews with the status access to finance for enterprises in Montenegro, identifies key bottlenecks, and provides recommendations on how to address main challenges. In particular, the note focuses on SME finance by assessing (i) bank SME lending, and (ii) current constraints facing further development and deepening of the non-bank credit sector. The note develops key findings presented to the authorities during the FSAP mission and summarized in the aide-mémoire. The Montenegrin financial sector has yet to recover from the collapse of the real estate bubble in 2008. The crisis has exposed important weaknesses in the financial sector’s governance, oversight and infrastructure which had fueled years of unsustainable credit growth leading up to the crisis. The resulting balance sheet deleveraging and restructuring process has reduced the banking sectors’ ability to finance the corporate sector, which continues to suffer from slow economic growth and remaining weaknesses in the business environment.

The Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae, was created by the U.S. congress in 1938, in order to maintain liquidity and stability in the domestic mortgage market. The company is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE), meaning that while it was a publicly traded company for most of its history, it was still supported by the federal government. While there is no legally binding guarantee of shares in GSEs or their securities, it is generally acknowledged that the U.S. government is highly unlikely to let these enterprises fail. Due to these implicit guarantees, GSEs are able to access financing at a reduced cost of interest. Fannie Mae's main activity is the purchasing of mortgage loans from their originators (banks, mortgage brokers etc.) and packaging them into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) in order to ease the access of U.S. homebuyers to housing credit. The early 2000s U.S. mortgage finance boom During the early 2000s, Fannie Mae was swept up in the U.S. housing boom which eventually led to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. The association's stated goal of increasing access of lower income families to housing finance coalesced with the interests of private mortgage lenders and Wall Street investment banks, who had become heavily reliant on the housing market to drive profits. Private lenders had begun to offer riskier mortgage loans in the early 2000s due to low interest rates in the wake of the "Dot Com" crash and their need to maintain profits through increasing the volume of loans on their books. The securitized products created by these private lenders did not maintain the standards which had traditionally been upheld by GSEs. Due to their market share being eaten into by private firms, however, the GSEs involved in the mortgage markets began to also lower their standards, resulting in a 'race to the bottom'. The fall of Fannie Mae The lowering of lending standards was a key factor in creating the housing bubble, as mortgages were now being offered to borrowers with little or no ability to repay the loans. Combined with fraudulent practices from credit ratings agencies, who rated the junk securities created from these mortgage loans as being of the highest standard, this led directly to the financial panic that erupted on Wall Street beginning in 2007. As the U.S. economy slowed down in 2006, mortgage delinquency rates began to spike. Fannie Mae's losses in the mortgage security market in 2006 and 2007, along with the losses of the related GSE 'Freddie Mac', had caused its share value to plummet, stoking fears that it may collapse. On September 7th 2008, Fannie Mae was taken into government conservatorship along with Freddie Mac, with their stocks being delisted from stock exchanges in 2010. This act was seen as an unprecedented direct intervention into the economy by the U.S. government, and a symbol of how far the U.S. housing market had fallen.