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Sharp economic volatility, the continued effects of high interest rates and mixed sentiment among investors created an uneven landscape for stock and commodity exchanges. While trading volumes soared in 2020 due to the pandemic and favorable financial conditions, such as zero percent interest rates from the Federal Reserve, the continued effects of high inflation in 2022 and 2023 resulted in a hawkish pivot on interest rates, which curtailed ROIs across major equity markets. Geopolitical volatility amid the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas wars further exacerbated trade volatility, as many investors pivoted away from traditional equity markets into derivative markets, such as options and futures to better hedge on their investment. Nonetheless, the continued digitalization of trading markets bolstered exchanges, as they were able to facilitate improved client service and stronger market insights for interested investors. Revenue grew an annualized 0.1% to an estimated $20.9 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 1.9% boost in 2025. A core development for exchanges has been the growth of derivative trades, which has facilitated a significant market niche for investors. Heightened options trading and growing attraction to agricultural commodities strengthened service diversification among exchanges. Major companies, such as CME Group Inc., introduced new tradeable food commodities for investors in 2024, further diversifying how clients engage in trades. These trends, coupled with strengthened corporate profit growth, bolstered exchanges’ profit. Despite current uncertainty with interest rates and the pervasive fear over a future recession, the industry is expected to do well during the outlook period. Strong economic conditions will reduce investor uncertainty and increase corporate profit, uplifting investment into the stock market and boosting revenue. Greater levels of research and development will expand the scope of stocks offered because new companies will spring up via IPOs, benefiting exchange demand. Nonetheless, continued threat from substitutes such as electronic communication networks (ECNs) will curtail larger growth, as better technology will enable investors to start trading independently, but effective use of electronic platforms by incumbent exchange giants such as NASDAQ Inc. can help stem this decline by offering faster processing via electronic trade floors and prioritizing client support. Overall, revenue is expected to grow an annualized 3.5% to an estimated $24.8 billion through the end of 2031.
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Graph and download economic data for Global Price Index of All Commodities (PALLFNFINDEXQ) from Q1 2003 to Q1 2025 about World, commodities, price index, indexes, and price.
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This dataset aggregates daily wholesale price data for a wide spectrum of agricultural commodities traded across India’s regulated markets (mandis). It captures minimum, maximum, and modal prices, enabling detailed analysis of price dispersion and volatility over time. Data is sourced directly from the AGMARKNET portal and made available under the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP). With over 165,000 views and nearly 400,000 downloads, it’s a cornerstone resource for economists, agronomists, and data scientists studying India’s commodity markets.
This dataset provides daily wholesale minimum, maximum, and modal prices for a wide variety of agricultural commodities across India’s mandis, sourced from the AGMARKNET portal and published on Data.gov.in under NDSAP, with records dating back to 2013 and updated as of 19 May 2025 via a REST API; it includes key fields like Arrival_Date, State, District, Market, Commodity, Variety, Min_Price, Max_Price, and Modal_Price, making it ideal for time-series analysis, price-trend visualizations, and commodity forecasting.
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Wheat fell to 545.50 USd/Bu on July 11, 2025, down 1.62% from the previous day. Over the past month, Wheat's price has risen 3.61%, but it is still 0.95% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Wheat - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.
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The global commodity trading services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing globalization, fluctuating commodity prices, and the need for efficient supply chain management. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2 trillion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6% between 2025 and 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising demand for raw materials across various sectors, including metals, energy, and agriculture, is creating lucrative opportunities for commodity trading firms. Secondly, technological advancements in areas like data analytics and blockchain technology are improving transparency, efficiency, and risk management within commodity trading, further stimulating market expansion. Finally, the increasing complexity of global supply chains necessitates the expertise of specialized commodity traders to navigate market volatility and ensure secure and timely delivery of goods. The market is segmented by commodity type (metals, energy, agricultural, and others) and by the size of the businesses served (large enterprises and SMEs). While large enterprises dominate the market currently, the SME segment shows strong potential for future growth as businesses increasingly rely on external expertise for commodity sourcing. The geographical distribution of the commodity trading services market is diverse, with North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific representing the major regions. However, emerging markets in Asia and Africa are showing significant growth potential due to rapid industrialization and rising consumer demand. Competitive pressures within the industry are high, with numerous large multinational corporations vying for market share. These companies, including Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura, Mercuria, and Cargill, possess extensive global networks, strong financial capabilities, and deep expertise in risk management, allowing them to dominate the market. Nevertheless, smaller, specialized trading firms are also finding success by focusing on niche markets or employing innovative trading strategies. The overall outlook for the commodity trading services market remains optimistic, with continued growth expected over the coming years, albeit with some potential challenges related to geopolitical instability and regulatory changes.
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In 2023, the global commodity services market size was valued at approximately USD 12 billion and is projected to reach USD 18 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.5% during the forecast period. The market's growth can be attributed to the increasing globalization of trade, advancements in technology, and heightened demand for risk management and advisory services in volatile markets. These factors are driving the market toward a sustainable growth trajectory.
The primary growth factor for the commodity services market is the growing need for risk management in the face of fluctuating commodity prices. As global markets become more interconnected, the volatility in commodity prices has escalated, necessitating advanced risk management tools and services. Companies across various sectors, including agriculture, energy, and metals, are increasingly leveraging these services to mitigate risks and ensure market stability. These risk management services cover a broad spectrum, from hedging strategies using futures and options to more complex financial instruments.
Another key driver is the technological advancements in commodity trading and brokerage services. The advent of sophisticated trading platforms and algorithms has revolutionized the commodity services market. These technologies enable faster transaction execution, enhanced data analytics, and improved market intelligence, thereby attracting more participants into the market. Furthermore, blockchain technology is being integrated for increased transparency and reduced fraud, which further boosts market confidence and participation.
The increasing demand for specialized research and advisory services also fuels the market's growth. With the complexity of global markets, businesses seek in-depth market analysis, trend forecasting, and strategic advice to make informed decisions. Research and advisory firms provide valuable insights into market dynamics, regulatory changes, and economic indicators, helping companies navigate the intricate landscape of commodity trading. This service segment is seeing robust growth as companies become more dependent on expert guidance to optimize their trading strategies.
Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the commodity services market, driven by its well-established financial markets and advanced technological infrastructure. The region's dominance is expected to continue, supported by the presence of major commodity exchanges and brokerage firms. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is experiencing the fastest growth, primarily due to expanding industrial activities and increasing participation in global trade. The burgeoning economies of China and India, in particular, are key contributors to this regional growth, with their rising demand for various commodities.
The trading and brokerage segment is a cornerstone of the commodity services market, providing essential platforms and services for buying and selling various commodities. This segment has evolved significantly with the advent of electronic trading platforms that offer real-time market data, automated trading systems, and enhanced connectivity across global markets. These platforms have democratized access to commodity trading, allowing even small and medium-sized enterprises to participate actively.
In recent years, the role of brokerage firms has expanded beyond mere transaction facilitation to providing comprehensive market analysis, trading recommendations, and personalized investment strategies. Brokerage firms are now leveraging advanced analytics and big data to offer tailored solutions to their clients, enhancing their decision-making capabilities. This trend is particularly prominent in the energy and metals sectors, where market dynamics are highly complex and require specialized expertise.
Moreover, the integration of blockchain technology is poised to transform the trading and brokerage landscape. Blockchain offers unparalleled transparency and security, reducing the risk of fraud and ensuring the integrity of transactions. Several commodity exchanges and brokerage firms are already piloting blockchain-based platforms, which could set a new standard for the industry. This technological shift is expected to attract more institutional investors, further boosting market liquidity and stability.
The trading and brokerage segment also faces challenges, particularly in terms of regulatory compliance and cybersecurity. With increasi
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Russia Commodity Price: Channels data was reported at 43,802.000 RUB/Ton in 15 May 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 43,802.000 RUB/Ton for 14 May 2020. Russia Commodity Price: Channels data is updated daily, averaging 26,714.000 RUB/Ton from May 2005 (Median) to 15 May 2020, with 4595 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52,297.000 RUB/Ton in 17 May 2018 and a record low of 14,356.000 RUB/Ton in 31 Mar 2006. Russia Commodity Price: Channels data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Metal.Com.Ru Trade System. The data is categorized under Daily Database’s Commodity Prices and Futures – Table PG003: Metals Trading Price.
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GSCI fell to 544.35 Index Points on July 15, 2025, down 0.26% from the previous day. Over the past month, GSCI's price has fallen 4.07%, and is down 3.52% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. GSCI Commodity Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.
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The global commodity trading services market is a highly concentrated industry dominated by major players like Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura, and Cargill. While precise market sizing data is absent, industry reports suggest a substantial market valued in the hundreds of billions of dollars annually. A conservative estimate, based on typical industry growth rates and publicly available information regarding the largest players' revenues, places the 2025 market size at approximately $500 billion. This sector is characterized by a moderate Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), projected to be around 4-5% from 2025 to 2033, driven primarily by increasing global demand for raw materials, particularly in emerging economies experiencing rapid industrialization. Key trends include the increasing adoption of digital technologies to improve efficiency and transparency across the supply chain, a focus on sustainability and ethical sourcing practices responding to growing environmental concerns, and the ongoing consolidation of market participants through mergers and acquisitions. However, the market faces constraints such as geopolitical instability, volatile commodity prices, and increasing regulatory scrutiny related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Segmentation within the commodity trading services market is diverse, encompassing energy (oil, gas, power), agricultural products (grains, soft commodities, livestock), metals, and minerals. Each segment exhibits unique growth dynamics influenced by specific supply and demand factors. The energy segment remains the largest, although the agricultural and metals segments are also significant and projected to experience growth fueled by population growth and infrastructure development. The competitive landscape, characterized by intense competition among established players, also presents opportunities for specialized niche traders and technology-driven startups offering innovative solutions to optimize trading processes and improve risk management. Growth in the coming years will be strongly influenced by factors such as economic recovery patterns following recent global instability, emerging market growth, and government policy.
This dataset contains real trade-weighted exchange rate indices for many commodities and aggregations important to U.S. agriculture. The data covers information from 1970 to 2024.
At 3.82 U.S. dollars per gallon in October 2022, regular all formulation retail gasoline prices in the United States were considerably lower than in Hong Kong or the Central African Republic, which reported the highest gasoline prices in the world at the end of October 2022. Norway also ranked high this year. Its high gasoline prices might be one of the reasons why the country is leading the charge towards electric mobility. Gas prices in selected countries worldwide Fuel prices in different countries range from a few cents to almost two U.S. dollars per liter. Gasoline is often regarded as a key driver of a country’s economy, as it is the main fuel used in passenger vehicles and the automotive fleets of small and large businesses. The United States is one of the biggest consumers of gasoline on a per capita basis, with approximately 356 gallons of gasoline per person in 2020. Fuel prices respond to crude oil price changes One of the liquid’s main ingredients is crude oil. The spot prices of publicly traded crudes, such as U.S.-sourced WTI (West Texas Intermediate), UK Brent, and the OPEC basket grades, are highly volatile and have proven prone to inflation as of late, most recently due to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China, blockages in the Suez Canal, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Where access to oil is limited, this volatility may spur a shift towards alternative propulsion systems and fuels among a growing number of vehicle drivers. Affordability of fuel Gas prices in Europe are counted among the highest worldwide. At 7.6 U.S. dollars per gallon or more, gasoline is particularly expensive in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Greece, Finland, and the Netherlands. Car drivers in Mozambique and Madagascar feel the most pain at the pump. Some 145.7 percent of a month's wages are needed to fill up a tank in Mozambique. The low affordability of fuel is due to weak currencies, limited wage growth, and a level of prosperity that is yet to meet other markets' standards. The high price in countries such as the Netherlands and Norway is largely attributable to taxes. Other factors driving gas prices include local demand, processing and distribution costs, and the aforementioned level of crude oil prices.
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Commodity Index: Multi Commodity Exchange of India: Future Price: Agriculture data was reported at 2,854.700 2001=1000 in 10 Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,831.800 2001=1000 for 07 Dec 2018. Commodity Index: Multi Commodity Exchange of India: Future Price: Agriculture data is updated daily, averaging 2,200.475 2001=1000 from Jun 2005 (Median) to 10 Dec 2018, with 3904 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,716.580 2001=1000 in 16 Apr 2012 and a record low of 1,277.850 2001=1000 in 28 Jun 2005. Commodity Index: Multi Commodity Exchange of India: Future Price: Agriculture data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Multi Commodity Exchange of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table IN.ZF004: Commodity Index.
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The global commodity trading services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing global trade, fluctuating commodity prices, and the need for efficient supply chain management. While the exact market size for 2025 is not provided, considering the significant presence of major players like Vitol, Glencore, and Cargill, and referencing industry reports showing substantial growth in related sectors, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market size would be $2 trillion. Assuming a conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% for the forecast period (2025-2033), the market is projected to reach approximately $3.1 trillion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors including the expansion of emerging economies, rising demand for raw materials across various sectors (metals, energy, agriculture), and the growing adoption of digital technologies to optimize trading processes. The market is segmented by commodity type (metals, energy, agricultural, others) and customer type (large enterprises, SMEs), with large enterprises currently dominating the market share due to their higher trading volumes. However, the SME segment is expected to witness significant growth fueled by increasing globalization and access to online commodity trading platforms. Geographic regions like North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific are key contributors to market growth, while regions such as the Middle East and Africa show considerable potential for future expansion. Despite the positive growth outlook, challenges like geopolitical instability, regulatory changes, and supply chain disruptions represent potential restraints on market growth. The competitive landscape is characterized by the dominance of several large, established players, who leverage their extensive networks and financial resources. These companies are actively investing in technological advancements to enhance trading efficiency, risk management, and supply chain visibility. While the dominance of these established players is anticipated to continue, opportunities exist for specialized players targeting niche segments within the commodity trading market. Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on sustainability and ethical sourcing is reshaping the industry, with a growing focus on transparency and traceability throughout the commodity supply chain. This trend is expected to drive innovation and reshape the competitive landscape further.
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The global commodity trading platform market size was valued at approximately USD 3.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around USD 7.2 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2024 to 2032. This growth is driven by increasing digitalization, expanding global trade, and rising demand for efficient trading solutions. The digital transformation in trading activities, coupled with the need for real-time data and analytics, is propelling the adoption of advanced trading platforms across the globe.
One of the significant growth factors for the commodity trading platform market is the increasing adoption of digital technologies in trading activities. As the trading landscape becomes more complex and competitive, institutional and retail investors are seeking more sophisticated tools that can offer real-time data analysis, risk management, and automated trading capabilities. The integration of AI and machine learning in these platforms is further enhancing their efficiency and decision-making capabilities, thereby driving market growth.
Another crucial factor contributing to the market's expansion is the globalization of trade. With the world becoming increasingly interconnected, there is a growing need for platforms that can handle the complexities of international trading. These platforms offer features such as multi-currency support, compliance with regional regulations, and real-time tracking of global market trends, making them indispensable tools for traders operating on a global scale. Additionally, the rise in cross-border e-commerce and international investments is further fueling the demand for advanced commodity trading platforms.
The growing focus on sustainability and ethical trading practices is also influencing the market positively. As more investors and companies prioritize Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in their trading activities, there is a rising demand for platforms that can provide transparency and traceability in commodity sourcing and trading. This trend is particularly evident in the agriculture and energy sectors, where there is increasing scrutiny on the environmental and social impacts of trading activities.
The role of Derivatives And Commodities Brokerage is becoming increasingly pivotal in the commodity trading platform market. These brokerages act as intermediaries, facilitating trades between buyers and sellers in the commodities market. With the rise of digital trading platforms, brokerages are evolving to offer more sophisticated services, including real-time data analytics, risk management tools, and automated trading options. This evolution is crucial as it enables traders to navigate the complexities of the global commodities market more efficiently. The integration of AI and machine learning technologies by these brokerages is further enhancing their ability to provide tailored trading solutions, thereby attracting a broader range of clients from institutional to retail investors.
From a regional perspective, North America currently holds a significant share of the commodity trading platform market, driven by the presence of major market players and high adoption rates of advanced trading technologies. However, regions like Asia Pacific are expected to witness the highest growth rates during the forecast period. The rapid economic growth, expanding middle-class population, and increasing digital literacy in countries like China and India are key factors contributing to this regional growth. Moreover, the liberalization of trade policies and investment in digital infrastructure are further supporting the market's expansion in these regions.
The commodity trading platform market can be segmented by component into software and services. The software segment includes various types of platforms such as trading software, risk management software, and analytical tools. These software solutions are designed to provide traders with real-time data, automated trading options, and advanced analytical capabilities. The increasing complexity of trading activities and the need for high-speed transactions are driving the demand for sophisticated software solutions. Moreover, the integration of AI and machine learning technologies in trading software is enhancing their functionality and efficiency, making them more attractive to traders.
On the other hand, the s
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Real-time commodities pricing data allows you to grasp where the market is, was and will be – from exchange data and OTC prices to specialist fundamentals.
Dataset: • Commodity Price Data. Eg. Commodity1_price.csv, Commodity2_price.csv, Commodity3_price.csv • Distance Matrix Data. Eg. Commodity1_matrix.csv, Commodity2_matrix.csv, Commodity3_matrix.csv
Price dataset description: It is a time-series data of prices of a particular perishable, limited consumption good or commodity (let’s say C) reported in markets of a country. • Date: It’s the date commodity C was reported in the respective market. • Market: Market in which commodity C was reported. • State: State in which the corresponding market is situated. • Variety: Variety of commodity C reported. • Grade: Grade of commodity C reported. • Tonnage (Arrival): Tonnage of a crop that arrives at the market • Prices: MinimumPrice, ModalPrice, and MaximumPrice columns are the corresponding prices of commodity C for the date-state-market-variety-grade combination.
The data has also been captured in form of combinatorial explosion matrix form. It contains market-varieties-grade combination as one cell in the matrix.
Distance matrix description: It is a distance matrix of one state-market combination with every other state-market combination in KM. The files have a distance matrix, whose entries a(i,j) represent distance between two statemarkets statemarket[i] and statemarket[j] in KMs.
Problem description: We have prices available reported for commodity C in different state and markets of the country. Our objective is to forecast the price of a commodity for a given date, state, market, variety, and grade.
Data Properties: 1. Time Series Data 2. Multivariate and multidimensional: Data is multivariate because a lot of factors (features) is responsible for the price of products (labels). 3. Super Sparse Data 4. We believe that there exists a very high degree of correlation between the price of one market and prices in another market. 5. We believe that there may be a high correlation between the prices of different varieties of the same good in the same mandi.
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Stock and commodity exchanges can benefit from various sources of revenue, ranging from fees charged through the purchasing and selling of stocks and commodities to the listing of companies on exchanges with IPOs. Yet, this hasn't meant exchanges have been free of challenges, with many companies looking to more attractive overseas markets in countries like the US that embrace stronger growth. The most notable culprits have been ARM and CRH, refusing to put up with the increasingly cheaper valuations offered by UK stock exchanges. Stock and commodity exchange revenue is expected to boom at a compound annual rate of 11.5% over the five years through 2024-25 to £15.4 billion. Boosted by the London Stock Exchange Group's Refinitiv purchase in 2021-22, the growth numbers seem inflated. The industry saw ample consolidations, aided by MiFID II's initiation in 2018. However, M&As have now decreased because of high borrowing costs. New reporting demands have bumped up regulatory costs, resulting in thinner profits. Banks, aligning with Basel IV, are pulling back on investments. Post-COVID market turbulence fuelled trades, but it's slowing down with economic stabilisation. The inflation slowdown pushes investors towards higher-value securities, boosting trade value despite lower volumes. The weak pound has been beneficial for revenue, especially for the LSEG, bolstered by dollar-earning companies in the FTSE 100. Stock and commodity exchange industry revenue is expected to show a moderate increase of 1.3% in 2024-25. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.1% over the five years through 2029-30 to £18.8 billion. The cautious descent of interest rates from the Bank of England will slow down volatility and ensure greater business confidence in the UK. This will bring back up consolidation activity to support revenue growth, reviving the digital information and exchange markets. The most pressing concern for the industry will be potential limitations on access to the EEA for the clearing segment of the industry, which could shatter short-term growth and keep the tap running for companies exiting UK exchanges.
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Today, the price of wheat in the commodity market experienced fluctuations, decreasing 0.20% compared to the previous day. Factors such as weather conditions, global supply and demand, government policies, currency exchange rates, and overall economic conditions contribute to these fluctuations. Traders and investors need to stay updated on these factors to better understand and anticipate wheat price movements.
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China Settlement Price: Dalian Commodity Exchange: Corn: 1st Month data was reported at 2,322.000 RMB/Ton in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,162.000 RMB/Ton for Mar 2025. China Settlement Price: Dalian Commodity Exchange: Corn: 1st Month data is updated monthly, averaging 2,005.000 RMB/Ton from Sep 2004 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 248 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,914.000 RMB/Ton in May 2022 and a record low of 1,131.000 RMB/Ton in Nov 2004. China Settlement Price: Dalian Commodity Exchange: Corn: 1st Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Dalian Commodity Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZB: Dalian Commodity Exchange: Commodity Futures: Settlement Price.
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Learn about the various factors that influence grain commodity prices, including supply and demand, weather patterns, transportation costs, and government policies. Gain insight into how traders and analysts make predictions about price movements and why understanding these factors is crucial for farmers, traders, and consumers.
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Sharp economic volatility, the continued effects of high interest rates and mixed sentiment among investors created an uneven landscape for stock and commodity exchanges. While trading volumes soared in 2020 due to the pandemic and favorable financial conditions, such as zero percent interest rates from the Federal Reserve, the continued effects of high inflation in 2022 and 2023 resulted in a hawkish pivot on interest rates, which curtailed ROIs across major equity markets. Geopolitical volatility amid the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas wars further exacerbated trade volatility, as many investors pivoted away from traditional equity markets into derivative markets, such as options and futures to better hedge on their investment. Nonetheless, the continued digitalization of trading markets bolstered exchanges, as they were able to facilitate improved client service and stronger market insights for interested investors. Revenue grew an annualized 0.1% to an estimated $20.9 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 1.9% boost in 2025. A core development for exchanges has been the growth of derivative trades, which has facilitated a significant market niche for investors. Heightened options trading and growing attraction to agricultural commodities strengthened service diversification among exchanges. Major companies, such as CME Group Inc., introduced new tradeable food commodities for investors in 2024, further diversifying how clients engage in trades. These trends, coupled with strengthened corporate profit growth, bolstered exchanges’ profit. Despite current uncertainty with interest rates and the pervasive fear over a future recession, the industry is expected to do well during the outlook period. Strong economic conditions will reduce investor uncertainty and increase corporate profit, uplifting investment into the stock market and boosting revenue. Greater levels of research and development will expand the scope of stocks offered because new companies will spring up via IPOs, benefiting exchange demand. Nonetheless, continued threat from substitutes such as electronic communication networks (ECNs) will curtail larger growth, as better technology will enable investors to start trading independently, but effective use of electronic platforms by incumbent exchange giants such as NASDAQ Inc. can help stem this decline by offering faster processing via electronic trade floors and prioritizing client support. Overall, revenue is expected to grow an annualized 3.5% to an estimated $24.8 billion through the end of 2031.