Located at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore, an HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities), this data set is composed of the geographic coordinates of four transgenic Populus tremula x alba INRA 717-IB4 lines (CHX20, XBAT35, EXO70, DIR18) as well as a wild type (WT), and Empty vector (EV)). Our site is monitored by an ATOMS 41 weather station, which collects solar radiation, air temperature, vapor and atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and other weather variables. We will assess a suite of variables reflecting growth and performance, focusing on root allocation and soil carbon sequestration.

The Data Glossary dataset includes common data terms and definitions that have been standardized within Maryland State Government. This dataset will continue to evolve as new terms come into the landscape.

Census Blocks are statistical areas bounded on all sides by visible features, such as streets, roads, streams, and railroad tracks, and/or by nonvisible boundaries such as city, town, township, and county limits, and short line-of-sight extensions of streets and roads. Census blocks are relatively small in area; for example, a block in a city bounded by streets. However, census blocks in remote areas are often large and irregular and may even be many square miles in area. A common misunderstanding is that data users think census blocks are used geographically to build all other census geographic areas, rather all other census geographic areas are updated and then used as the primary constraints, along with roads and water features, to delineate the tabulation blocks. As a result, all 2020 Census blocks nest within every other 2020 Census geographic area, so that Census Bureau statistical data can be tabulated at the block level and aggregated up to the appropriate geographic areas. Blocks are the smallest geographic areas for which the Census Bureau publishes data from the decennial census. Block Groups (BGs) are defined before tabulation block delineation and numbering, but are clusters of blocks within the same census tract that have the same first digit of their 4-digit census block number from the same decennial census. Census 2020 BGs generally contained between 600 and 3,000 people, with an optimum size of 1,500 people. Most BGs were delineated by local participants in the Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of census data and comparison back to previous decennial censuses. Census tracts generally have a population size between 1,200 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000 people. When first delineated, census tracts were designed to be homogeneous with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. Census tract boundaries generally follow visible and identifiable features. State and county boundaries always are census tract boundaries in the standard census geographic hierarchy. In a few rare instances, a census tract may consist of noncontiguous areas.This is a MD iMAP hosted service layer. Find more information at https://imap.maryland.gov.Feature Service Layer Link:https://geodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Demographics/MD_CensusBoundaries/MapServer/2

The Clean Water Act requires three components to water quality standards that set goals for and protect each States' waters. The three components are: (1) designated uses that set goals for each water body (e.g., recreational use), (2) criteria that set the minimum conditions to support the use (e.g., bacterial concentrations below certain concentrations) and (3) an antidegradation policy that maintains high quality waters so they are not allowed to degrade to meet only the minimum standards. The designated uses and criteria set the minimum standards for Tier I. Maryland's antidegradation policy has been promulgated in three regulations within the Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR): COMAR 26.08.02.04 sets out the policy itself, COMAR 26.08.02.04-1, which is discussed here, provides for implementation of Tier II (high quality waters) of the antidegradation policy, and COMAR 26.08.02.04-2 that describes Tier III (Outstanding National Resource Waters or ONRW), the highest quality waters. No Tier III waters have been designated at this time. Tier II antidegradation implementation has the greatest immediate effect on local government planning functions so the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) has prepared this set of Tier II GIS data layers to provide technical assistance to local governments working to complete the Water Resources Element of their comprehensive plans as required by HB 1141. As part of this process, MDE has created this dataset representing the official record of all Maryland Tier II (high quality) stream segments as determined by MDE, the regulatory agency responsible for identification and listing of Maryland's Tier II waters. This dataset consists of a digital geospatial representation of all identified Tier II segments which includes those stream segments promulgated in (COMAR) 26.08.02.04-1, and those additional segments proposed during the current Triennial Review of Maryland Regulations, known as the pending list. Pending segments are Tier II segments awaiting promulgation. This is a vector line file that was developed using the 24,000:1 scale National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) coverage for Maryland, and each identified Tier II stream segment has been linked to the NHD using the unique common identifier (COMID) code. MDE uses Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) data for designating streams as Tier II. Using all MBSS stations sampled within a stream reach (defined as a section of stream from confluence to confluence), an arithmetic mean of the benthic index of biotic integrity (IBI) and the fish IBI is calculated. Only if the means of both the benthic and fish IBIs are greater than or equal to 4.00 is a stream reach designated as Tier II. As such, Tier II streams represent the best streams in Maryland in terms of water quality, water chemistry, habitat, and biotic assemblages. Tier II stream segments can range in length generally terminating at confluences, impoundment outfalls, and tidal boundaries. However, in planning activities, one should consider the entire upstream watershed to a Tier II stream as any changes to this watershed can potentially have an effect on the water quality of the Tier II stream. It is worth noting that once a stream segment is designated as Tier II, this designation lasts in perpetuity regardless of changes in water quality or local landuse. The publicly maintained list of all Tier II waters and for further information regarding Maryland's High Quality Waters, Tier II, please visit http://mde.maryland.gov/programs/Water/TMDL/Integrated303dReports/Pages/Antidegradation.aspxAcknowledgement of the Maryland Department of the Environment, Science Services Administration as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgement as is standard for citation and legal practices for data sources is expected by users of this data. Sharing new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by Maryland Department of the Environment Science Services Administration staff. MDE shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of this data. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.This is a MD iMAP hosted service. Find more information on https://imap.maryland.gov.Feature Service Link: https://archive.geodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Hydrology/MD_ArchivedWaterQuality/FeatureServer/0

There were approximately 18.58 million college students in the U.S. in 2022, with around 13.49 million enrolled in public colleges and a further 5.09 million students enrolled in private colleges. The figures are projected to remain relatively constant over the next few years.

What is the most expensive college in the U.S.? The overall number of higher education institutions in the U.S. totals around 4,000, and California is the state with the most. One important factor that students – and their parents – must consider before choosing a college is cost. With annual expenses totaling almost 78,000 U.S. dollars, Harvey Mudd College in California was the most expensive college for the 2021-2022 academic year. There are three major costs of college: tuition, room, and board. The difference in on-campus and off-campus accommodation costs is often negligible, but they can change greatly depending on the college town.

The differences between public and private colleges Public colleges, also called state colleges, are mostly funded by state governments. Private colleges, on the other hand, are not funded by the government but by private donors and endowments. Typically, private institutions are  much more expensive. Public colleges tend to offer different tuition fees for students based on whether they live in-state or out-of-state, while private colleges have the same tuition cost for every student.

The Viewer provides a common platform to view Maryland Census 2010 and American Community Survey (2010 - 2014) data. There are 4 integrated maps available that provide ready access to explore valuable statistical data.Provided by the Maryland Department of Planning (MDP)

Esri ArcGIS Online (AGOL) Feature Layer for accessing the Maryland 2100 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid data.Maryland 2100 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid data consists of geographic areas throughout the State of Maryland that are projected to be impacted by a nuisance tidal flooding scenario in year 2100.The notion of nuisance tidal flooding, also known as sunny-day flooding, as a current threat to transportation infrastructure has become better understood. In most coastal locations, these abnormally high tides have traditionally occurred a few times per year, degrading road support facilities and causing traffic congestion. However, NOAA has documented that nuisance flooding has become significantly more common in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In time, nuisance flooding is expected to become even more frequent and more hazardous as the area experiences sea-level change. Currently, there is no known map of areas prone to nuisance flooding.Maryland 2100 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid data represents projected stillwater depths (ft) during a 'nuisance' tidal flooding scenario. This data is an attempt to aid in identifying potential vulnerabilities along Maryland's roadway infrastructure. The data supports MDOT State Highway Administration leadership and planners as they endeavor to mitigate or prevent the impacts of sea level change resulting from land surface subsidence and rising sea levels. The product uses sea-level projections to forecasts areas of inundation for a given scenario. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) provides the sea level change (SLC) estimate. SLC is localized using qualifying National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tidal reference stations.The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it likely contains inaccuracies. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. The information contained in these data is dynamic and will change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived, and both scale and accuracy may vary across the data set. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider the content of the metadata file associated with these data. These data are neither legal documents nor land surveys, and must not be used as such. Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (MDOT SHA) and the Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC) should be cited as the data source in any products derived from these data. Any Users wishing to modify the data should describe the types of modifications they have performed. The User should not misrepresent the data, nor imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by MDOT SHA and/or ESRGC. Neither MDOT SHA, ESRGC, nor the State of Maryland, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.Last Updated: June 2020For complete project overview and metadata information:Website: https://www.esrgc.org/project/sha-to8For more information about the data, contact Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC):Email: esrgc@salisbury.eduFor more information, contact MDOT SHA Geospatial Technologies:Email: GIS@mdot.maryland.gov

This is a MD iMAP hosted service layer. Find more information at http://imap.maryland.gov. Census Blocks are statistical areas bounded on all sides by visible features - such as streets - roads - streams - and railroad tracks - and/or by nonvisible boundaries such as city - town - township - and county limits - and short line-of-sight extensions of streets and roads. Census blocks are relatively small in area; for example - a block in a city bounded by streets. However - census blocks in remote areas are often large and irregular and may even be many square miles in area. A common misunderstanding is that data users think census blocks are used geographically to build all other census geographic areas - rather all other census geographic areas are updated and then used as the primary constraints - along with roads and water features - to delineate the tabulation blocks. As a result - all 2010 Census blocks nest within every other 2010 Census geographic area - so that Census Bureau statistical data can be tabulated at the block level and aggregated up to the appropriate geographic areas. Blocks are the smallest geographic areas for which the Census Bureau publishes data from the decennial census. Last Updated: Feature Service Layer Link: http://geodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Demographics/MD_CensusBoundaries/MapServer/0 ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS: The Spatial Data and the information therein (collectively "the Data") is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind either expressed implied or statutory. The user assumes the entire risk as to quality and performance of the Data. No guarantee of accuracy is granted nor is any responsibility for reliance thereon assumed. In no event shall the State of Maryland be liable for direct indirect incidental consequential or special damages of any kind. The State of Maryland does not accept liability for any damages or misrepresentation caused by inaccuracies in the Data or as a result to changes to the Data nor is there responsibility assumed to maintain the Data in any manner or form. The Data can be freely distributed as long as the metadata entry is not modified or deleted. Any data derived from the Data must acknowledge the State of Maryland in the metadata.

Maryland has cast electoral ballots in every U.S. presidential election, and has correctly given the majority of its electoral votes to the overall winner in 39 out of 59 elections, resulting in a success rate of 66 percent. Apart from the first two U.S. elections, where George Washington was elected unanimously, Maryland has voted for a major party candidate in all but one elections; this was in 1856, where Maryland was the only state carried by the Know Nothing Party's Millard Fillmore. In early elections, Maryland's electors cast separate ballots for the most popular candidate in their district, although this system fell out of use in the 1830s. Since the 1850s, Maryland has generally voted for the Democratic nominee, siding with the Democrats in 29 elections, and the Republicans twelve times. In the 2020 election, Maryland was a comfortable victory for Democratic nominee Joe Biden, whose share of the popular vote was over double that of his rival, Donald Trump.

Closest ever elections In terms of popular votes, Maryland has seen the two closest results in any presidential election. The first of these was in 1832, where Henry Clay received 19,160 popular votes, while Andrew Jackson received 19,156; a difference of just four votes. The second was in 1904, where Theodore Roosevelt received 109,497 votes, 51 votes more than his rival, Alton B. Parker. In contrast to the 1832 election, the most popular candidate did not win Maryland in 1904, as Democratic politicians and electors were able to manipulate the voting system to change the winner of their district; this system was in place until 1937. While these elections in Maryland have two of the smallest differences in the number of popular votes cast, the smallest difference in the share of votes occurred in the 2000 election in Florida, where George W. Bush defeated Al Gore by just 537 votes, which equated to a 0.009 percent difference.

Marylanders

No U.S. president was ever born in or resided in Maryland when taking office, nor has any major party candidate come from the Old Line State. Throughout most of its history, Maryland was allocated eight electoral votes, although it was raised to ten in the second half of the twentieth century, due to a high growth rate in the decades after the Second World War.

Esri ArcGIS Online (AGOL) Imagery Layer for accessing the Maryland 2020 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid.Maryland 2020 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid consists of an image service showing geographic areas throughout the State of Maryland that are projected to be impacted by a nuisance tidal flooding scenario in year 2020.The notion of nuisance tidal flooding, also known as sunny-day flooding, as a current threat to transportation infrastructure has become better understood. In most coastal locations, these abnormally high tides have traditionally occurred a few times per year, degrading road support facilities and causing traffic congestion. However, NOAA has documented that nuisance flooding has become significantly more common in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In time, nuisance flooding is expected to become even more frequent and more hazardous as the area experiences sea-level change. Currently, there is no known map of areas prone to nuisance flooding.Maryland 2020 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid data represents projected stillwater depths (ft) during a 'nuisance' tidal flooding scenario. This data is an attempt to aid in identifying potential vulnerabilities along Maryland's roadway infrastructure. The data supports MDOT State Highway Administration leadership and planners as they endeavor to mitigate or prevent the impacts of sea level change resulting from land surface subsidence and rising sea levels. The product uses sea-level projections to forecasts areas of inundation for a given scenario. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) provides the sea level change (SLC) estimate. SLC is localized using qualifying National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tidal reference stations.The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it likely contains inaccuracies. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. The information contained in these data is dynamic and will change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived, and both scale and accuracy may vary across the data set. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider the content of the metadata file associated with these data. These data are neither legal documents nor land surveys, and must not be used as such. Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (MDOT SHA) and the Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC) should be cited as the data source in any products derived from these data. Any Users wishing to modify the data should describe the types of modifications they have performed. The User should not misrepresent the data, nor imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by MDOT SHA and/or ESRGC. Neither MDOT SHA, ESRGC, nor the State of Maryland, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.Last Updated: June 2020For complete project overview and metadata information:Website: https://www.esrgc.org/project/sha-to8For more information about the data, contact Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC):Email: esrgc@salisbury.eduFor more information, contact MDOT SHA OIT Enterprise Information Services:Email: GIS@mdot.maryland.gov

Census Blocks are statistical areas bounded on all sides by visible features, such as streets, roads, streams, and railroad tracks, and/or by nonvisible boundaries such as city, town, township, and county limits, and short line-of-sight extensions of streets and roads. Census blocks are relatively small in area; for example, a block in a city bounded by streets. However, census blocks in remote areas are often large and irregular and may even be many square miles in area. A common misunderstanding is that data users think census blocks are used geographically to build all other census geographic areas, rather all other census geographic areas are updated and then used as the primary constraints, along with roads and water features, to delineate the tabulation blocks. As a result, all 2020 Census blocks nest within every other 2020 Census geographic area, so that Census Bureau statistical data can be tabulated at the block level and aggregated up to the appropriate geographic areas. Blocks are the smallest geographic areas for which the Census Bureau publishes data from the decennial census. Block Groups (BGs) are defined before tabulation block delineation and numbering, but are clusters of blocks within the same census tract that have the same first digit of their 4-digit census block number from the same decennial census. Census 2020 BGs generally contained between 600 and 3,000 people, with an optimum size of 1,500 people. Most BGs were delineated by local participants in the Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of census data and comparison back to previous decennial censuses. Census tracts generally have a population size between 1,200 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000 people. When first delineated, census tracts were designed to be homogeneous with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. Census tract boundaries generally follow visible and identifiable features. State and county boundaries always are census tract boundaries in the standard census geographic hierarchy. In a few rare instances, a census tract may consist of noncontiguous areas.This is a MD iMAP hosted service layer. Find more information at https://imap.maryland.gov.Feature Service Layer Link:https://geodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Demographics/MD_CensusBoundaries/MapServer/1

Esri ArcGIS Online (AGOL) Imagery Layer for accessing the Maryland 2050 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid.Maryland 2050 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid consists of an image service showing geographic areas throughout the State of Maryland that are projected to be impacted by a nuisance tidal flooding scenario in year 2050.The notion of nuisance tidal flooding, also known as sunny-day flooding, as a current threat to transportation infrastructure has become better understood. In most coastal locations, these abnormally high tides have traditionally occurred a few times per year, degrading road support facilities and causing traffic congestion. However, NOAA has documented that nuisance flooding has become significantly more common in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In time, nuisance flooding is expected to become even more frequent and more hazardous as the area experiences sea-level change. Currently, there is no known map of areas prone to nuisance flooding.Maryland 2050 Nuisance Tidal Inundation - Flood Depth Grid data represents projected stillwater depths (ft) during a 'nuisance' tidal flooding scenario. This data is an attempt to aid in identifying potential vulnerabilities along Maryland's roadway infrastructure. The data supports MDOT State Highway Administration leadership and planners as they endeavor to mitigate or prevent the impacts of sea level change resulting from land surface subsidence and rising sea levels. The product uses sea-level projections to forecasts areas of inundation for a given scenario. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) provides the sea level change (SLC) estimate. SLC is localized using qualifying National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tidal reference stations.The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it likely contains inaccuracies. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. The information contained in these data is dynamic and will change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived, and both scale and accuracy may vary across the data set. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider the content of the metadata file associated with these data. These data are neither legal documents nor land surveys, and must not be used as such. Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (MDOT SHA) and the Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC) should be cited as the data source in any products derived from these data. Any Users wishing to modify the data should describe the types of modifications they have performed. The User should not misrepresent the data, nor imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by MDOT SHA and/or ESRGC. Neither MDOT SHA, ESRGC, nor the State of Maryland, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.Last Updated: June 2020For complete project overview and metadata information:Website: https://www.esrgc.org/project/sha-to8For more information about the data, contact Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC):Email: esrgc@salisbury.eduFor more information, contact MDOT SHA OIT Enterprise Information Services:Email: GIS@mdot.maryland.gov

The goal of this project was to compare the effectiveness of a 26-week stages of change (SOC) group treatment approach with a standard Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Gender-Reeducation (CBTGR) group treatment approach; to assess potential mediators of change; to conduct analyses on individual readiness to change as a moderator of treatment condition in predicting outcomes; to conduct exploratory analyses comparing the effectiveness of these 2 approaches in Spanish-speaking groups; and to assess the integrity of the 2 treatments with respect to therapist adherence. Male clients who were referred to the Montgomery County, Maryland, Abused Persons Program (APP) between June 2003 and January 2006 and who were appropriate for participation in either the English-speaking or Spanish-speaking 26-week group, were randomly assigned to either a Stage of Change (SOC) Treatment Format or a Cognitive-Behavioral Gender-Reeducation Format (CBTGR). All participants at the APP routinely underwent a standard intake procedure. Data collection consisted of (1) an intake interview and questionnaires completed by the batterer at intake, (2) an initial telephone interview of the partner, (3) data collected from the batterer at mid-treatment and post-treatment, (4) data collected at the end of treatment on the number of sessions attended, and (5) telephone-based follow-up information received from the partner at 6 and 12 months post-intake. The data file contains 550 cases and 901 variables. For the Abuser Intake Interview, the abuser was asked information regarding his age, education, employment status, income, relationship to the victim partner, current contact, children in common, and history of abuse and trauma. As part of this intake, the offender completed several instruments including (1) the Conflict Tactics Scales-Revised (CTS2), (2) the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA), (3) the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), (4) the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), (5) the Generality of Violence-Revised (GVQ-R), (6) Perceptions of Procedural Justice, and (7) the Dissociative Violence Scale (DVS). The victim partner was asked about demographics as well as relationship status, children in common, and current contact with the batterer. As part of this interview, the victim partner also completed (1) the CTS2 items as they pertained to the batterer's behavior toward her in the previous six months and over the course of their relationship, (2) the Danger Assessment Scale (DAS), and (3) the Process of Change in Abused Women Scale (PROCAWS). At 8 and 16 weeks into treatment, APP staff administered the Working Alliance Inventory -- Short Form (WAI-S) along with the Group Cohesion Scale (GES-COH).