The American Community Survey, Table B16001 provided detailed individual-level language estimates at the tract level of 42 non-English language categories, tabulated by the English-speaking ability. Two sets of languages data are included here, with population counts and percentages for both:the tract population speaking languages other than English, regardless of English=speaking ability, identified by the language name, and the languages spoken other than English by the tract population who does not speak English 'very well', identified by the language name followed by "_Enw".The default pop-up for this service presents the second of these data: languages spoken other than English by the tract population who does not speak English 'very well'.In part because of privacy concerns with the very small counts in some categories in Table B16001, the Census changed the American Community Survey estimates of the languages spoken by individuals. In 2016, the number of categories previously presented in Table B16001 was reduced to reflect the most commonly spoken languages, and several languages spoken in Massachusetts were grouped into generalized (i.e., "Other...") categories.Table B16001 has been renamed Table C16001 with these generalized categories. Therefore, although the information presented in this datalayer is not current, and these data cannot be updated.

Dataset of 8,130 parallel spoken utterances across 8 languages (56 language pairs). Languages: Basque, English, Finnish, French. Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish.

This is a collection of forty two narratives in the Basque language (Euskara) by native speakers. It includes sound files (MP3 format) and full detailed transcripts. Each of the narratives is a recounting of a short, silent movie that the speaker has just watched to a friend or acquaintance who has not seen the movie (no other person was present in the room, just the recording equipment). Two short silent movies were used to elicit the narratives: Twenty one of the narratives correspond to the 7-minute silent movie The Pear Story (Chafe, ed., 1980) and the other 21 are about a 12 minute collage from Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times. The recordings were made as a part of a study on Basque word order in 1993 (Aske 1997). The transcriptions are made following a modified version of the guidelines given in Edwards and Lampert 1993. The speakers were from different age groups, different dialects, and had differing language abilities. Profiles of the speakers are also included. In addition to the 42 narratives with transcripts, 53 additional sound tracks of extemporaneous speech and description of still images are also included.

There are thousands of languages in the world, many of which are in danger of extinction due to language competition and evolution. Language is an aspect of culture, the rise, and fall of a language directly affects its corresponding culture. To preserve languages and prevent their mass extinction, it is crucial to develop a mathematical model of language coexistence. In this paper, we use a qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations to analyze the bilingual competition model, and obtain the trivial and non-trivial solutions of the bilingual competition model without sliding mode control, then analyze the stability of solutions and prove that solutions of the model have positive invariance. In addition, to maintain linguistic diversity and prevent mass extinction of languages, we propose a novel bilingual competition model with sliding control. The bilingual competition model is analyzed by proposing a sliding control policy to obtain a pseudo-equilibrium point. Meanwhile, numerical simulations clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the sliding mode control strategy. The results show that the likelihood of successful language coexistence can be increased by changing the status of languages and the value of monolingual-bilingual interaction, provides theoretical analysis for the development of policies to prevent language extinction.

This study charted the identity of Swedish-speaking Finns and their opinions on various aspects of everyday life, such as politics and society, the use of mass media, leisure time activities, values, and the sense of belonging. The study was funded by the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland (Svenska kulturfonden). The first questions revolved around language. The respondents' and their families' Finnish and Swedish language skills were surveyed. It was examined whether the respondents had used Swedish, Finnish or both in different types of contexts, e.g. at home, at school, with friends, at bureaus and banks, and at work. They were also asked which language was or would be their children's language at school. It was examined whether the respondents had used Swedish, Finnish or both in different types of situations within the previous year, such as doctor's appointments, vehicle inspections, and visits to the city council, libraries and tax offices. The next questions concerned media, the press, radio, and television. The respondents were asked if they had a digital TV receiver in their household, and their preferred newspapers, radio stations and television channels were surveyed, as well as their internet use. The respondents were also presented with a variety of activities and asked if they had participated in them within the previous 12 months (e.g. playing a sport, going to the movies/theatre, working overtime, helping neighbours, and praying to God). One set of questions pertained to politics and society, and the respondents' interest and activity in political matters was examined. They were asked about their party preferences and if they had participated in or discussed politics in different ways within the previous year. Views were also surveyed on democracy within the EU, Finland, the respondent's region of residence and the municipality of residence. Finally, the respondents' views on ways to influence municipal politics and the effects of municipal mergers were examined, and the respondents were asked what type of topics they were interested in discussing with friends and other people. Background variables included, for instance, region of residence, age group, gender, education level, economic activity and occupational status, marital status, and household composition.

Sliding mode control language status and interaction values.

There are thousands of languages in the world, many of which are in danger of extinction due to language competition and evolution. Language is an aspect of culture, the rise, and fall of a language directly affects its corresponding culture. To preserve languages and prevent their mass extinction, it is crucial to develop a mathematical model of language coexistence. In this paper, we use a qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations to analyze the bilingual competition model, and obtain the trivial and non-trivial solutions of the bilingual competition model without sliding mode control, then analyze the stability of solutions and prove that solutions of the model have positive invariance. In addition, to maintain linguistic diversity and prevent mass extinction of languages, we propose a novel bilingual competition model with sliding control. The bilingual competition model is analyzed by proposing a sliding control policy to obtain a pseudo-equilibrium point. Meanwhile, numerical simulations clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the sliding mode control strategy. The results show that the likelihood of successful language coexistence can be increased by changing the status of languages and the value of monolingual-bilingual interaction, provides theoretical analysis for the development of policies to prevent language extinction.