United Kingdom UK: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data was reported at 7.700 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.000 % for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 7.850 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.800 % in 2000 and a record low of 7.300 % in 2010. United Kingdom UK: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions include infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies such as underweight and stunting.; ; Derived based on the data from WHO's Global Health Estimates.; Weighted average;

Mortality from infectious and parasitic disease (ICD-10 A00-B99 equivalent to ICD-9 001-139). To reduce deaths from infectious and parasitic disease. Legacy unique identifier: P00476

Legacy unique identifier: P00482

This statistic depicts the proportion of the adult population in the United Kingdom with an infectious disease in 2018, by age. In the UK, six percent of the total population have been diagnosed with an infectious disease, although ten percent of respondents reported having an infectious disease.

United Kingdom UK: Cause of Death: by Non-Communicable Diseases: % of Total data was reported at 88.800 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 88.600 % for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Cause of Death: by Non-Communicable Diseases: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 88.700 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 89.300 % in 2010 and a record low of 85.000 % in 2000. United Kingdom UK: Cause of Death: by Non-Communicable Diseases: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Non-communicable diseases include cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and congenital anomalies.; ; Derived based on the data from WHO's Global Health Estimates.; Weighted average;

This statistic displays the results of a survey asking individuals in the United Kingdom whether they believe that vaccines are effective in preventing infectious diseases in 2019. According to the results, ** percent of respondents definitely believe that vaccines are effective in preventing disease, while only ***** percent of respondents are do not believe in vaccines to some extent.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

This is a mixed methods study, comprising both qualitative and quantitative data. The aim of this study was to determine how risk associated with infections and the control of infectious diseases were managed and distributed in the NHS quasi market, the specific objectives were:
1. to evaluate the effectiveness of formal contracts, regulations and informal practices relating to risks of infection and the likely effectiveness of these clauses;
2. to consider how agency relationships within professional and managerial systems affect the implementation of programmes to reduce risk and cope with outbreaks of infections;
3. to consider how contracting agents perceive risks associated with infectious disease and the values placed on risk avoidance practices compared with preventive practices;
4. to consider how risk, financial, social and psychological, are distributed amongst NHS agencies, other agencies, patients and families; to consider how initial allocation of risk in the contracting process affects the eventual distribution of this burden; and consider attempts to pool risks.
Objectives 1-3 were achieved in full. In objective four, distribution of risks amongst NHS agencies and budgets arising from unforeseen events and allocation of risks in contracts is addressed. But risks to patients and their families was not possible due to logistical difficulties and resistance from Trusts to approaching infected patients. The objective was revised to include a survey of all outbreaks reported six months following site visits.

Main Topics:

The project took place between 1997-1999. The methods included in-depth interviews at five case study sites; telephone surveys of outbreaks in the six months following the site interviews; and a national postal survey. We do not hold the raw data for the telephone survey at the UK Data Archive, but there is a summary of the results in the documentation.
Case studies - The case studies examined the arrangements for managing the risks of infectious disease in five health districts. A purposive sampling technique was used to select sites that included large conurbations and county towns; and district general hospitals and specialist teaching hospitals. The data set contains transcripts or notes from 35 interviews. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted between November 1997 - November 1998 with Consultants in Communicable Disease Control (CsCDC) and Directors of Public Health (DsPH) in health authorities, Infection Control Doctors (ICDs) and Infection Control Nurses (ICNs) in Trusts, and financial officers (or others with a major role in contracting).
National Survey - A survey of all CsCDC, ICDs and ICNs in England was conducted. Questionnaires, based on the interviews at the study sites, were designed for each professional group. The data set includes a data file, containing numeric responses, and a text file containing qualitative responses, for each professional group.

BackgroundThe global burden of non-communicable diseases partly reflects growing exposure to ultra-processed food products (UPPs). These heavily marketed UPPs are cheap and convenient for consumers and profitable for manufacturers, but contain high levels of salt, fat and sugars. This study aimed to explore the potential mortality reduction associated with future policies for substantially reducing ultra-processed food intake in the UK.Methods and FindingsWe obtained data from the UK Living Cost and Food Survey and from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. By the NOVA food typology, all food items were categorized into three groups according to the extent of food processing: Group 1 describes unprocessed/minimally processed foods. Group 2 comprises processed culinary ingredients. Group 3 includes all processed or ultra-processed products. Using UK nutrient conversion tables, we estimated the energy and nutrient profile of each food group. We then used the IMPACT Food Policy model to estimate reductions in cardiovascular mortality from improved nutrient intakes reflecting shifts from processed or ultra-processed to unprocessed/minimally processed foods. We then conducted probabilistic sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsApproximately 175,000 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths might be expected in 2030 if current mortality patterns persist. However, halving the intake of Group 3 (processed) foods could result in approximately 22,055 fewer CVD related deaths in 2030 (minimum estimate 10,705, maximum estimate 34,625). An ideal scenario in which salt and fat intakes are reduced to the low levels observed in Group 1 and 2 could lead to approximately 14,235 (minimum estimate 6,680, maximum estimate 22,525) fewer coronary deaths and approximately 7,820 (minimum estimate 4,025, maximum estimate 12,100) fewer stroke deaths, comprising almost 13% mortality reduction.ConclusionsThis study shows a substantial potential for reducing the cardiovascular disease burden through a healthier food system. It highlights the crucial importance of implementing healthier UK food policies.

Forecast: Number of Scientific Publications in Infectious Diseases in the UK 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

At the end of 2022 and beginning of 2023, weekly reported cases of scarlet fever had been significantly higher in England compared to the same weeks in the preceding five years. In week 49 of the 2022/23 season, over 10 thousand cases were reported compared to only 79 in the year prior. Bacteria belonging to group A streptococcus (more commonly called Strep A) causes scarlet fever, and, while it is highly infectious, usually only causes mild illness.

Forecast: Share of Scientific Publications Involving International Collaboration in Infectious Diseases in the UK 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

We systematically reviewed the evidence on secular trends in main chronic conditions, disability and self-assessed general health among adults in the United Kingdom, as reported in primary/secondary care databases and population-based surveys. Searches were conducted separately for: (1) trends in age-standardised or age-specific prevalence of major non-communicable diseases, disability, and self-reported general health; (2) trends in health expectancy. The databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE/EMBASE Classic and Web of Science (all from 1946/7). The evidence was synthesised narratively. There were 39 studies reporting trends in prevalence of health conditions and 15 studies in health expectancy. We did not find evidence for improvement in the age-standardised or age-specific prevalence of any of the studied major chronic conditions over the last few decades, apart from Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Both increasing or stable prevalence rates with simultaneous rising life expectancy support the expansion of morbidity theory, meaning that people are expected to spend a greater number of years with chronic condition(s). The evidence on disability—expressed as prevalence or health expectancy—was mixed, but also appeared to support the expansion of morbidity among those aged 65 or over. The evidence on trends in disability for younger age is lacking. Across the studied period (1946–2017), the UK population endured more years with chronic morbidity and disability, which may place a serious strain on the health care system, the economy and the society.

Forecast: Total Number of 10% Top-Cited Scientific Publications in Infectious Diseases in the UK 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Data cleaning Linear regression Logistic regression Sample characteristics

The Green Book - a reference material produced by the UK Health Security Agency and used by healthcare professionals in the UK. The Green Book brings together all documents relating to immunisation against infectious diseases. Visit Immunisation against infectious disease: the green book front cover and contents page - GOV.UK for more details.

Infectious disease is the single biggest cause of death worldwide. New infectious agents require investigation to understand its characteristics and how infection with this pathogen results in a disease process. We need to understand risk factors for severe illness and how to best treat disease caused by this pathogen. In order to develop a mechanistic understanding of disease processes, such that risk factors for severe illness can be identified and treatments can be developed, it is necessary to understand pathogen characteristics associated with virulence, the replication dynamics and in-host evolution of the pathogen, the dynamics of the host response, the pharmacology of antimicrobial or host-directed therapies, the transmission dynamics, and factors underlying individual susceptibility. This study is designed for the rapid, coordinated clinical investigation of patients with confirmed infection with a pathogen of public interest. The study has been designed to maximize the likelihood that as much data as possible is collected and shared rapidly in a format that can be easily aggregated, tabulated and analysed across many different settings globally. The study is designed to have some level of flexibility in order to ensure the broadest acceptance.

IntroductionIndia faces a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer, straining the healthcare system. Given the urgent need for prevention and management, a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) of health-seeking behaviors for NCDs is essential to guide targeted interventions to improve health outcomes.MethodsThe SRMA protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023476381) and conducted adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases were searched from inception to October 27, 2023. Eligible studies focused on adults (>18 years) with NCDs covered under the National Programme for prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and stroke (NPCDCS). Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted using predefined criteria. Meta-analysis of quantitative data was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model.ResultsFrom 2,917 identified studies, 64 were included in the SRMA, with 40 suitable for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that 72.72% (95% CI 59.48–85.97%, I2 = 99.97%) of individuals sought treatment for existing health conditions, with 73.09% (95% CI 54.01–92.16%, I2 = 99.18%) preferring allopathy, compared to 8.89% (95% CI 5.56–12.22%, I2 = 86.73%) preferring Alternative medicine with a significant heterogeneity. Major barriers to seeking treatment included illness not considered serious [0.4785 (95% CI 0.4556–0.5013)] and financial constraints [0.3263 (95% CI 0.1457–0.5069)], with delays in cancer treatment attributed to lack of disease awareness [0.5091 (95% CI 0.0294–0.9888)] and painlessness [0.4502 (95% CI 0.3312–0.5692)]. Private healthcare facilities (51.26, 95% CI 42.85–59.67%) were preferred over government facilities (33.78, 95% CI 28.10–39.45%).ConclusionThis SRMA provide a comprehensive overview of health-seeking behavior for NCDs in India. The findings underscore the complex interplay of socioeconomic, cultural, and systemic factors influencing healthcare access and outcomes. Targeted interventions addressing barriers identified in this review are imperative for improving public health and reducing the burden of NCDs in India.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023476381.

In the event of a new infectious disease outbreak, mathematical and simulation models are commonly used to inform policy by evaluating which control strategies will minimize the impact of the epidemic. In the early stages of such outbreaks, substantial parameter uncertainty may limit the ability of models to provide accurate predictions, and policymakers do not have the luxury of waiting for data to alleviate this state of uncertainty. For policymakers, however, it is the selection of the optimal control intervention in the face of uncertainty, rather than accuracy of model predictions, that is the measure of success that counts. We simulate the process of real-time decision-making by fitting an epidemic model to observed, spatially-explicit, infection data at weekly intervals throughout two historical outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease, UK in 2001 and Miyazaki, Japan in 2010, and compare forward simulations of the impact of switching to an alternative control intervention at the time point in question. These are compared to policy recommendations generated in hindsight using data from the entire outbreak, thereby comparing the best we could have done at the time with the best we could have done in retrospect.Our results show that the control policy that would have been chosen using all the data is also identified from an early stage in an outbreak using only the available data, despite high variability in projections of epidemic size. Critically, we find that it is an improved understanding of the locations of infected farms, rather than improved estimates of transmission parameters, that drives improved prediction of the relative performance of control interventions. However, the ability to estimate undetected infectious premises is a function of uncertainty in the transmission parameters. Here, we demonstrate the need for both real-time model fitting and generating projections to evaluate alternative control interventions throughout an outbreak. Our results highlight the use of using models at outbreak onset to inform policy and the importance of state-dependent interventions that adapt in response to additional information throughout an outbreak.