As of April 26, 2023, roughly 367 million Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered in the United States. This statistic shows the number of COVID-19 vaccinations administered in the United States as of April 26, 2023, by manufacturer.

Content

Stock data of the following companies from Oct 2019 is included in this dataset. (BioNTech , Moderna , Johnson & Johnson , Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Sinovac , Sinopharm , Novavax ,Astrazeneca(Oxford)) (The date 2019 was chosen because few companies got IPO just in 2019)

Inspiration

To do more analysis on the performance of the companies with the influence of covid vaccine.

End note

Please let me know if any more companies are to be included or any changes have to be made to improve the quality of the dataset in the discussion section.

As of May 2021, U.S. investor Blackrock Inc owned more than ***** percent of total shares of pharmaceutical companies AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novavax, and Johnson & Johnson, respectively. The statistic illustrates major shareholdings at select pharmaceutical companies which are involved in the development and production of COVID-19 vaccines as of May 2021, by investor.

As of March 9, 2021, there were pre-purchase agreements for over three billion doses of AstraZeneca/Oxford's vaccine. This vaccine is by far the most sought after COVID-19 vaccine, especially due to its ability to be stored at normal refrigerator temperatures, while other vaccines might need ultra cold storage. Although still in phase III of clinical trials and without approval, Novavax's vaccine is the one with the second highest number of orders worldwide.

Global COVID-19 vaccine contracts At the same time, India had managed to secure around 2.2 billion COVID-19 vaccines doses, followed by the European Union which had signed pre-purchase agreements to secure nearly 1.84 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, while the United States already secured around 1.21 billion doses. AstraZeneca/Oxford's vaccine accounted for one billion doses of all vaccines secured by India, while also accounting for 300 million doses of all vaccines secured by the EU and the U.S., respectively.

Forecasted sales of COVID-19 vaccines As of November 2021, Comirnaty by BioNTech/Pfizer was the leading COVID-19 vaccine by forecasted sales revenue. It was expected to make around 36 billion U.S. dollars in sales revenue in 2021, followed by 29 billion dollars in 2022. Meanwhile, Spikevax by Moderna was projected to make 18 billion and 22 billion U.S. dollars in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Vaxzevria by AstraZeneca was forecasted to make 1.7 billion U.S. dollars in sales, followed by an additional 1.9 billion dollars by 2022. In contrast to most other biopharmaceutical companies, AstraZeneca had announced to sell its vaccine at almost net cost price.

NOTE: This program is no longer active. This dataset is only for historical reference. This directory contains businesses that have joined VAX CHI NATION, meaning they committed to ensuring that their staff and patrons are vaccinated. These businesses completed the City of Chicago self-certification.

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Covid-19 Vaccination Market 2024-2028

The covid-19 vaccination market size is forecast to increase by USD -32.76 billion, at a CAGR of -37.4% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the expansion of vaccination programs worldwide. Governments and international organizations are investing heavily in vaccination initiatives to contain the spread of the virus. The rising research and development (R&D) investment in the development of Covid-19 vaccines is another major growth factor. However, the high cost of production of Covid-19 vaccines poses a significant challenge to market growth. Manufacturers are exploring various strategies to reduce production costs while maintaining vaccine efficacy and safety. The market is expected to witness strong growth in the coming years as more effective and affordable vaccines become available. poiuyfrtyh

What will the Covid-19 Vaccination Market Size be During the Forecast Period?

Download Report Sample to Unlock the Covid-19 Vaccination Market Size for the Forecast Period and Other Important Statistics

Market Dynamics

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about an unprecedented global health crisis, leading to the development of numerous vaccines to mitigate its impact. This content focuses on various aspects of COVID-19 vaccines, including production, distribution, administration, efficacy, safety, and regulations. COVID-19 vaccine production has been a top priority for researchers and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Several manufacturers have developed vaccines using various technologies such as mRNA, viral vector, and protein subunit, undergoing rigorous testing and clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy. Once vaccines receive approval from regulatory bodies, they are distributed to healthcare facilities and vaccination centers, requiring careful planning and coordination. Governments and international organizations are working to ensure equitable distribution, prioritizing vulnerable populations and herd immunity. Vaccine administration involves healthcare professionals delivering vaccines through injections, with proper training and safety protocols to minimize adverse reactions. Efficacy refers to the vaccine's ability to prevent infection or reduce the severity of symptoms, with most vaccines showing high efficacy rates, ranging from 60% to 95%. Vaccine safety is monitored closely, and while common side effects include pain and swelling at the injection site, fever, and fatigue, serious side effects are rare.

Vaccine procurement involves purchasing vaccines from manufacturers, with governments securing supplies through contracts and partnerships. Vaccine allocation ensures that vaccines are distributed to specific populations, with priority given to vulnerable groups like healthcare workers and the elderly. Vaccine prioritization determines which populations should receive vaccines first, based on risk factors. Vaccine passports are digital or physical documents that prove vaccination status, and may be required for travel or work, with regulations varying by jurisdiction. Vaccine mandates, which require vaccination for employment or participation in certain activities, remain a controversial issue. Vaccine regulations ensure vaccines are safe and effective, and policies governing vaccine use in schools, workplaces, and travel may change as supplies and public health conditions evolve.

Covid-19 Vaccination Market Driver

The expansion of vaccination programs is the key driver of the market. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for vaccines as governments and healthcare organizations prioritize widespread vaccination to control the virus and achieve herd immunity. This heightened demand leads to increased production and sales for vaccine manufacturers, resulting in long-term procurement contracts being signed to ensure a consistent vaccine supply. These contracts provide stability and revenue for manufacturers, with more contracts expected to be established as vaccination programs expand.

Vaccine distribution, administration, and logistics are crucial elements in the vaccine market, requiring efficient vaccine storage, transportation, and scheduling. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and monitoring are also vital considerations, along with addressing vaccine hesitancy and acceptance through education and outreach efforts. Vaccine regulations, policies, and campaigns are essential in ensuring vaccine coverage, immunity, and compliance with side effects and potential mandates or certificates.

Covid-19 Vaccination Market Trends

Rising research and development investment is the upcoming trend in the market. The Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated the rapid development, production, and distribution of vaccines to prevent and treat the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Governments and the private sector have collaborated to invest in vacc

According to a forecast as of March, BioNTech's and Pfizer's vaccine against COVID-19 could generate sales revenues of nearly 22 billion U.S. dollars during 2021. The BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine was the first COVID-19 vaccine to be widely approved and used. German biotech company BioNTech saw a 156 percent growth in its shares in the last 12 months as of March 2021.

Will Moderna be the big winner? Moderna is expected to be the company with the largest sales revenues from a COVID-19 vaccine. Forecasts predict that the company will make around 43 billion U.S. dollars in sales through its vaccine. Interestingly, Moderna was established in 2010 and had never made profit before the pandemic. Thus, the development of the covid vaccine based on the latest mRNA technology will mark a definitive breakthrough for the Massachusetts-based biotech company. Moderna received significant funding through taxpayer money as well as help in research and development from the National Institutes of Health.

Vaccine pricing in a pandemic Drug pricing is always a big issue and this was also the case with COVID-19 vaccines. While some companies, like AstraZeneca, stated early on that prices for the vaccine will be on a non-profit base at least as long as the pandemic is ongoing, others took a more profit-oriented approach. However, even these companies state that their current prices are low special prices, taking into account urgent public health interests, which normally would be much higher. According to several projections, COVID-19 drugs and vaccines could establish a market worth some 40 billion U.S. dollars annually.

COVID-19 Vaccines Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global COVID-19 vaccines market size stood at USD 34.2 billion in 2024, reflecting a significant contraction from the pandemic’s peak but still underscoring the ongoing demand for booster shots, variant-specific formulations, and immunization programs. The market is expected to reach USD 14.7 billion by 2033, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8% over the forecast period. This trajectory is driven by persistent global immunization efforts, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the integration of COVID-19 vaccines into routine vaccination schedules.

The primary growth factor for the COVID-19 vaccines market is the continued evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to the emergence of new variants. These variants often exhibit mutations that may partially evade immunity conferred by previous infection or vaccination, necessitating the development and deployment of updated vaccine formulations. Pharmaceutical companies are investing in next-generation vaccines, including multivalent and pan-coronavirus candidates, to address these challenges. Governments and health organizations remain vigilant, maintaining stockpiles and rolling out booster campaigns, especially for high-risk populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised. The integration of COVID-19 vaccines with seasonal influenza programs is also being explored, potentially driving market growth through combined immunization initiatives.

Another crucial driver is the growing emphasis on equitable vaccine access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. International collaborations, such as COVAX and bilateral donation agreements, have played a vital role in expanding vaccine reach beyond high-income nations. As the acute phase of the pandemic subsides, there is a strategic shift towards sustained immunization efforts, with many countries incorporating COVID-19 vaccines into their national immunization schedules. This long-term approach is expected to stabilize demand and support market growth, albeit at a lower volume compared to the pandemic’s initial years. Additionally, the development of pediatric and variant-adapted vaccines is broadening the addressable market, ensuring ongoing relevance for manufacturers.

Technological advancements in vaccine platforms, particularly mRNA and protein subunit technologies, are reshaping the market landscape. The success of mRNA vaccines has spurred further research into their application for other infectious diseases, creating a pipeline of innovative products. These platforms offer advantages such as rapid adaptability to emerging variants and scalable manufacturing, making them attractive for both public health authorities and commercial stakeholders. The competitive environment is also fostering partnerships between pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, and academic institutions to accelerate research and development. Such collaborations are expected to yield more effective and durable vaccines, further propelling the market’s evolution.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe continue to lead the market in terms of revenue, owing to robust healthcare infrastructure, high vaccination coverage, and proactive government policies. The Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth, driven by large population bases, increasing healthcare investments, and expanding immunization programs. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually improving their vaccination rates, supported by international aid and local manufacturing initiatives. The regional dynamics are influenced by factors such as regulatory approvals, supply chain logistics, and public acceptance of vaccines, which collectively shape the market’s trajectory across different geographies.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The COVID-19 vaccines market is segmented by vaccine type into mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, inacti

The COVID-19 Vaccine Market Report is Segmented by Technology Platform (mRNA Vaccines, Viral Vector Vaccines, and More), Valency (Monovalent Original, Bivalent Dual Strain, and More), End User (Government Immunization Programs, Hospitals & Clinics, Retail & Chain Pharmacies, and More), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa, South America). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

As of 2022, the BioNTech vaccine against the coronavirus (COVID-19) was administered the most in Germany. Figures were significantly higher for BioNTech vaccinations, compared to the other vaccines approved for use in the EU – Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen. BioNTech is a German biotechnological company, which developed a vaccine against COVID-19 in cooperation with U.S. pharmaceutical giant Pfizer.

New vaccines BioNTech and Moderna are mRNA vaccines, AstraZeneca is not, but all three have one thing in common – they have to be administered in two doses over a period of several weeks to provide protection against the virus. The Janssen vaccine, also referred to as Johnson & Johnson, referring to its manufacturer, requires one dose. Both BioNTech and Moderna vaccines have already been administered as booster shots while another coronavirus wave engulfs Germany. After initial shortages in deliveries at the beginning of Germany’s vaccination campaign at the end of December 2020, production has ramped up, also within the country, and the German government repeatedly assures the population that there are enough vaccines for first, second and booster shots.

The next wave Thus far there is no national vaccination mandate in Germany, though heated debate among political parties regarding the issue continues, particularly in the wake of rising coronavirus cases in the winter of 2021 and the emergence of the Omicron variant. While all the currently greenlighted vaccines against COVID-19 are not said to make the recipient immune to the virus, they are widely hailed as helping reduce the risk of a difficult illness or the possibility of a hospital stay.

Approved COVID-19 Vaccines Market Outlook

The global market size for approved COVID-19 vaccines stood at approximately USD 45 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 78 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is primarily driven by continuous advancements in vaccine technology, increasing global vaccination drives, and the emergence of new variants necessitating booster doses.

One of the primary growth factors for the approved COVID-19 vaccines market is the ongoing need for booster vaccinations. As new variants of the virus emerge, vaccine manufacturers are continuously enhancing existing vaccines to tackle these variants effectively. This continuous innovation ensures sustained demand for updated vaccines, thereby propelling market growth. Additionally, governments worldwide are investing heavily in vaccination programs to achieve herd immunity, further boosting market size. Initiatives like COVAX, which aim to provide equitable vaccine access, are also significant contributors to market expansion.

Another crucial factor driving market growth is the increased awareness and acceptance of vaccines among the global population. Intensive public health campaigns and educational movements have led to a higher acceptance rate of vaccines, reducing vaccine hesitancy. This trend is particularly significant in emerging economies where initial vaccine skepticism was high. The successful roll-out of initial vaccine doses has built public confidence, thereby increasing the uptake of booster doses and new vaccine variants.

The collaboration between pharmaceutical companies and governments has also played a pivotal role in the growth of the COVID-19 vaccines market. Strategic partnerships for vaccine production, distribution, and administration have streamlined the supply chain, making vaccines more accessible to the public. These collaborations have also facilitated bulk purchasing agreements, which have provided cost advantages and enhanced market penetration across various regions. Moreover, the establishment of new manufacturing facilities and the expansion of existing ones have significantly accelerated vaccine production capabilities.

The development of the COVID-19 RNA Vaccine has been a groundbreaking advancement in the fight against the pandemic. Unlike traditional vaccines, RNA vaccines work by introducing a small piece of genetic material from the virus into the body, prompting an immune response without using a live virus. This innovative approach has allowed for rapid development and deployment, significantly contributing to the global vaccination efforts. The flexibility of RNA technology also enables quick updates to the vaccine to address new variants, ensuring continued protection as the virus evolves. This adaptability has made RNA vaccines a crucial tool in achieving widespread immunity and controlling the spread of COVID-19.

Regionally, North America leads the market due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure and early adoption of vaccination programs. Europe follows closely, with significant contributions from countries like Germany, France, and the UK. The Asia Pacific region is witnessing rapid growth, driven by substantial investments in healthcare infrastructure and large-scale vaccination drives in countries like India and China. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, supported by international aid and improving healthcare systems. The regional diversity ensures a balanced growth outlook for the global market.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The market for approved COVID-19 vaccines is segmented into various types, including mRNA vaccines, vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and others. mRNA vaccines, such as those developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, have gained significant traction due to their high efficacy rates and the rapid speed of development. The flexibility of mRNA technology to adapt swiftly to new variants has positioned them as a frontrunner in the market. This segment is expected to continue its dominance, supported by ongoing research and development activities aimed at enhancing vaccine formulations and delivery mechanisms.

Vector vaccines, which use a modified virus to deliver genetic material into cells, represent another significant segment. AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson are key players in t

Discover the latest market analysis on approved COVID-19 vaccines, including market size, growth projections, regional trends, leading companies (Moderna, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson), and key segments. Explore the future of this evolving market and the factors driving its trajectory.

Discover the booming Oral COVID-19 Vaccine market, projected to reach $1224.9 million in 2025 with a 5% CAGR. Explore market trends, key players (Pfizer, CanSino Biologics, etc.), and regional analysis in this comprehensive report. Learn about tablet and inhalable types and their impact on global vaccination strategies.

The global vaccine market, including COVID-19 vaccines, is a dynamic and rapidly evolving sector. With a 2025 market size of $144.18 billion (USD) and a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.5% from 2025 to 2033, substantial growth is anticipated. This expansion is driven by several factors, including increasing government investments in vaccine research and development, rising incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases, growing awareness of the importance of vaccination, and the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which spurred significant advancements in vaccine technology and manufacturing capabilities. The market is segmented by vaccine type (e.g., live attenuated, inactivated, conjugate, recombinant, mRNA), disease indication (e.g., influenza, measles, polio, COVID-19), and route of administration. While the initial surge in COVID-19 vaccine demand has somewhat subsided, ongoing booster campaigns and the development of next-generation vaccines targeting emerging variants continue to fuel market growth. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases like cancer and age-related illnesses is driving demand for preventative vaccines. Major players like Pfizer, Sanofi, GSK, and Johnson & Johnson are shaping the market landscape, continually innovating to improve vaccine efficacy, safety, and delivery mechanisms. However, the market also faces certain restraints, such as stringent regulatory requirements, potential adverse events, vaccine hesitancy in some populations, and the need for robust cold chain infrastructure for effective distribution, particularly in developing countries. The ongoing evolution of viral pathogens and the need for continuous development of new and improved vaccines presents both challenges and opportunities for market expansion. The geographical distribution of market share is likely skewed towards developed nations with higher per capita incomes and access to advanced healthcare infrastructure, although emerging economies are expected to show significant growth in the coming years, driven by increased vaccination programs and rising disposable incomes. This necessitates a strategic focus on improving vaccine accessibility and affordability globally to ensure broad-based protection.

The coronavirus pandemic has affected the entire world and many families have been destroyed. The stock exchange was also affected, but vaccine companies took advantage of this moment and leveraged their profits

Biotech companies:

• PFIZER: Pfizer Inc. develops, manufactures, and sells healthcare products worldwide. It offers medicines and vaccines in various therapeutic areas.

• ASTRAZENECA: Moderna, Inc., a clinical stage biotechnology company, develops therapeutics and vaccines based on messenger RNA for the treatment of infectious diseases, immuno-oncology, rare diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

• BIONTECH: BioNTech SE, a biotechnology company, develops and commercializes immunotherapies for cancer and other infectious diseases.

• MODERNA: Moderna, Inc., a clinical stage biotechnology company, develops therapeutics and vaccines based on messenger RNA for the treatment of infectious diseases, immuno-oncology, rare diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

• NOVAVAX: Novavax, Inc., together with its subsidiary, Novavax AB, a late-stage biotechnology company, focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases.

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Discover the booming oral COVID-19 vaccine market projected to reach $1.37 billion by 2033. Explore market trends, leading companies like Pfizer and CanSino Biologics, and regional growth forecasts. Learn more about this rapidly expanding sector.

The global mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine market is poised for steady growth, projected to reach a substantial market size. With an estimated market size of USD 4352.5 million in 2025, the sector is expected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 1.2% through 2033. This sustained, albeit moderate, growth indicates a mature market where continued demand for updated vaccines, booster shots, and potential future pandemic preparedness will drive value. The market’s trajectory is influenced by ongoing research and development, particularly in enhancing vaccine efficacy against emerging variants and exploring new delivery mechanisms. Moreover, the established manufacturing infrastructure and regulatory frameworks for mRNA vaccines provide a strong foundation for sustained market presence. The market is segmented by vaccine type into Non-replicating mRNA Vaccines and Self-amplifying mRNA Vaccines, with applications spanning across Children and Adults. While the initial surge of the pandemic has subsided, the need for mRNA COVID-19 vaccines persists, driven by the evolving nature of the virus and the strategic imperative for global health security. Key players such as Moderna, Pfizer, and CanSino Biologicals are continuously innovating, focusing on next-generation vaccines that offer broader protection and improved immunogenicity. Geographic regions like North America and Europe are expected to continue leading market share due to robust healthcare systems and high vaccination rates, while the Asia Pacific region, particularly China and India, presents significant growth potential driven by large populations and increasing healthcare investments. The market's resilience is underpinned by its crucial role in public health strategies and the ongoing commitment of leading pharmaceutical companies to combat infectious diseases.

Universal Coronavirus Vaccines Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market size was valued at USD 1.27 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 7.89 billion by 2033, growing at a robust CAGR of 22.1% during the forecast period. The market’s rapid expansion is driven by the urgent need for broad-spectrum vaccines capable of addressing current and future coronavirus strains, heightened by the ongoing threat of emerging variants and pandemic preparedness initiatives worldwide.

The primary growth factor propelling the Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market is the persistent evolution and mutation of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. Traditional vaccines, while effective, often require updates to address new mutations, leading to a continuous cycle of vaccine development and deployment. In contrast, universal coronavirus vaccines are designed to elicit broad immune responses against conserved viral elements, offering protection against a wide array of coronavirus strains. This scientific innovation is attracting significant investments from both public and private sectors, with governments and global health organizations prioritizing pandemic readiness and long-term immunity solutions. The accelerated pace of research and clinical trials, supported by advanced platforms such as mRNA and viral vectors, is further fueling market growth.

Another significant driver for the Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market is the increasing collaboration among pharmaceutical companies, research institutes, and regulatory agencies. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the necessity of swift, coordinated responses to emerging infectious diseases, leading to unprecedented partnerships and funding. These collaborations have not only expedited vaccine candidate development but have also established new regulatory pathways for rapid approval and deployment. Moreover, the global emphasis on equitable vaccine access is encouraging the development of vaccines that are effective across diverse populations, including adults, pediatrics, and geriatrics. This inclusive approach is expanding the addressable market and ensuring that universal coronavirus vaccines become a cornerstone of global immunization strategies.

Technological advancements in vaccine platforms are also playing a crucial role in the growth of the Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market. Innovations such as next-generation protein subunits, self-amplifying mRNA, and DNA-based vaccines are enabling the design of candidates with enhanced safety profiles, stability, and immunogenicity. These platforms allow for rapid adaptation to new viral threats and facilitate large-scale manufacturing and distribution. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics in vaccine design is accelerating the identification of conserved viral targets, optimizing antigen selection, and streamlining preclinical and clinical evaluations. As a result, the Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market is witnessing a wave of novel candidates entering the pipeline, promising to redefine the landscape of infectious disease prevention.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market, accounting for the largest share due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, substantial R&D investments, and proactive government initiatives. Europe follows closely, benefiting from strong public health systems and collaborative research networks. The Asia Pacific region, however, is poised for the fastest growth, driven by increasing healthcare expenditures, rising awareness about pandemic preparedness, and expanding vaccine manufacturing capabilities. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing growing interest, supported by international funding and efforts to improve vaccine accessibility. As countries across all regions prioritize pandemic resilience, the Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market is set for sustained expansion in the coming years.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The Universal Coronavirus Vaccines market by vaccine type is segmented into Protein Subunit Vaccines, Viral Vector Vaccines, mRNA Vaccines, DNA Vaccines, and Others. Among these, mRNA vaccines have gained significant traction due to their proven efficacy, rapid development timelines, and adaptability to emerging viral threats. The success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines ha

According to a survey conducted in March 2021 among U.S. adults, around ** percent of respondents stated that they either strongly approve or somewhat approve of how pharmaceutical companies handled the development of the COVID-19 vaccinations. This statistic illustrates the percentage of U.S. likely voters who approve of how pharmaceutical companies handled COVID-19 vaccine development.

Association of educational level and social-economic status with reluctance towards coronavirus disease vaccination and motivations for participation in vaccination among the general population of Shiraz.