This is a link to the QGIS website where you can download open-source GIS software for viewing, analyzing and manipulating geodata like our downloadable shapefiles.

The geographical mapping software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors: the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions offering enhanced accessibility and scalability, the burgeoning need for precise spatial data analysis in urban planning and water resource management, and the escalating use of GIS technology in geological exploration for resource discovery and environmental monitoring. The market's compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is estimated at 8% between 2025 and 2033, projecting significant market expansion. This growth is further supported by the increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and improved data processing capabilities, leading to more accurate and detailed maps for various applications. While the market shows strong potential, certain restraints, including high software licensing costs and the complexity of some GIS software, may impede growth to some extent. However, the overall trend leans towards increased adoption driven by the significant benefits of enhanced spatial analysis across industries. Market segmentation reveals a strong demand for cloud-based solutions due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness compared to web-based or on-premise software. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold significant market shares, reflecting established GIS infrastructure and technological advancement. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years driven by rapid urbanization, infrastructure development, and increased government investment in mapping initiatives. This region's expanding market will be fueled by countries like China and India, with significant potential for market penetration. The key players in this competitive landscape continually innovate, releasing new features and functionalities to maintain their market positions. The focus is increasingly on user-friendliness, integration with other software platforms, and advanced analytical capabilities.

ABSTRACT Watershed delineation, drainage network generation and determination of river hydraulic characteristics are important issues in hydrological sciences. In general, this information can be obtained from Digital Elevation Models (DEM) processing within GIS commercial softwares, such as ArcGIS and IDRISI. On the other hand, the use of open source GIS tools has increased significantly, and their advantages include free distribution, continuous development by user communities and full customization for specific requirements. Herein, we present the IPH-Hydro Tools, an open source tool coupled to MapWindow GIS software designed for watershed topology acquisition, including preprocessing steps in hydrological models such as MGB-IPH. In addition, several tests were carried out assessing the performance and applicability of the developed tool, given by a comparison with available GIS packages (ArcGIS, IDRISI, WhiteBox) for similar purposes. The IPH-Hydro Tools provided satisfactory results on tested applications, allowing for better drainage network and less processing time for catchment delineation. Regarding its limitations, the developed tool was incompatible with huge terrain data and showed some difficulties to represent drainage networks in extensive flat areas, which can occur in reservoirs and large rivers.

The Cloud GIS market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a substantial value with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 14% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing need for real-time data processing and analysis across various sectors, including urban planning, environmental management, and logistics, is fueling demand for cloud-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The scalability and cost-effectiveness offered by cloud platforms, compared to on-premise solutions, are significant advantages attracting businesses of all sizes. Furthermore, advancements in cloud computing technologies, such as improved storage capacity, enhanced processing power, and advanced analytics capabilities, are accelerating market adoption. The integration of AI and machine learning within Cloud GIS platforms is also a major contributor, enabling sophisticated spatial analysis and predictive modeling. Competition among leading providers like Esri, Hexagon, and Mapbox is intense, focusing on developing innovative solutions, expanding partnerships, and strengthening customer engagement through user-friendly interfaces and comprehensive support services. Geographical expansion, particularly in developing economies with increasing digital infrastructure, further contributes to market growth. However, data security concerns and the reliance on stable internet connectivity remain potential restraints. The market segmentation reveals a diverse landscape. The "Type" segment likely includes various cloud deployment models (e.g., public, private, hybrid), each catering to specific organizational needs and security requirements. The "Application" segment is equally broad, encompassing diverse use cases like smart city initiatives, precision agriculture, disaster response management, and infrastructure development. North America currently holds a significant market share due to early adoption and a mature technological landscape, but the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness rapid growth driven by increasing urbanization and infrastructure investments. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with companies focusing on strategic partnerships, acquisitions, and continuous product innovation to maintain a leading position. Future growth will be largely influenced by the expansion of 5G networks, the continued advancement of AI/ML in spatial analysis, and the increasing availability of high-resolution geospatial data.

The global Business Mapping Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for data visualization and spatial analysis across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to achieve a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The escalating adoption of cloud-based solutions offers scalability and cost-effectiveness, attracting businesses of all sizes. Furthermore, the growing demand for location intelligence in industries such as healthcare (optimizing resource allocation), automotive (supply chain management), and finance (risk assessment) significantly contributes to market growth. The integration of advanced analytics and AI capabilities within business mapping software further enhances its value proposition, enabling better decision-making and strategic planning. While data security concerns and the complexity of implementing such solutions pose some restraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, particularly with the rising adoption of GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies and the increasing availability of high-quality geospatial data. The market segmentation reveals significant opportunities across various applications and deployment types. The healthcare sector is anticipated to be a major driver, followed closely by automotive and financial services. Cloud-based solutions are experiencing faster growth compared to on-premise deployments due to their flexibility and accessibility. Geographically, North America currently holds a substantial market share, benefiting from technological advancements and early adoption. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness rapid growth in the coming years, fueled by increasing digitalization and infrastructure development in countries like China and India. Key players in the market, including Caliper, Microsoft, IBM, and others, are actively engaged in innovation and strategic partnerships to consolidate their market positions and capitalize on emerging opportunities. This competitive landscape is further characterized by the emergence of specialized solutions catering to niche industry needs.

GIS in Transportation Market Outlook

The global GIS in Transportation market size was valued at USD 9.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 21.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 9.5%. This rapid growth is driven by advancements in spatial data analytics and the increasing need for efficient transportation management systems across various sectors. The surge in urbanization, coupled with the rising adoption of smart city initiatives, has propelled the demand for geographic information systems (GIS) in transportation, making it an indispensable tool for urban planners and transportation authorities.

One of the primary growth factors in the GIS in Transportation market is the rising need for traffic management solutions. With increasing vehicle ownership and congested road networks, the implementation of GIS-based traffic management systems has become crucial. These systems help in real-time traffic monitoring, congestion management, and route optimization, thereby enhancing overall transportation efficiency. Additionally, the integration of GIS with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors provides valuable data to city planners and traffic authorities, enabling better decision-making and improved traffic flow.

Another significant driver for the market is the growing emphasis on asset management in the transportation sector. GIS technology plays a pivotal role in tracking and managing transportation infrastructure assets such as roads, bridges, and tunnels. By leveraging GIS, transportation agencies can efficiently monitor the condition of these assets, schedule maintenance activities, and allocate resources effectively. This not only extends the lifespan of infrastructure assets but also ensures safety and reduces operational costs, thus driving the adoption of GIS in the transportation sector.

Moreover, the increasing focus on sustainable and eco-friendly transportation solutions is fostering the growth of the GIS in Transportation market. Governments and transportation authorities worldwide are promoting the use of public transit and non-motorized transportation modes to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. GIS technology aids in public transit planning and route optimization, ensuring efficient and sustainable transportation systems. Additionally, GIS-based solutions enable the assessment of environmental impacts and support the implementation of green transportation initiatives, further bolstering market growth.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share in the GIS in Transportation market, attributed to the early adoption of advanced technologies and substantial investments in transportation infrastructure. The presence of key market players and the implementation of smart city projects in the United States and Canada further drive the market's growth in this region. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, propelled by rapid urbanization, increasing government initiatives for smart transportation, and the expansion of transportation networks in countries like China and India.

Component Analysis

The GIS in Transportation market is segmented by component into software, hardware, and services. The software segment dominates the market, driven by the rising demand for advanced GIS applications that provide comprehensive spatial analysis, mapping, and visualization capabilities. GIS software solutions, such as geographic information systems for traffic management and route planning, are extensively utilized by transportation authorities and urban planners to improve operational efficiency and decision-making processes. The continuous evolution of GIS software, incorporating advanced features like real-time data integration and predictive analytics, further propels market growth.

Hardware components, although smaller in market share compared to software, play a crucial role in the GIS in Transportation market. Hardware components include GPS devices, sensors, and data collection tools, which are essential for gathering accurate spatial data. The increasing deployment of IoT devices and sensors in transportation infrastructure enhances data collection capabilities, thus supporting the effective implementation of GIS solutions. The integration of GIS hardware with software solutions provides a holistic approach to transportation management, driving the adoption of GIS technology in this sector.

The services segment encompasses a wide range of professional services, including consulting, implementation, and maint

Statistical analyses and maps representing mean, high, and low water-level conditions in the surface water and groundwater of Miami-Dade County were made by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources, to help inform decisions necessary for urban planning and development. Sixteen maps were created that show contours of (1) the mean of daily water levels at each site during October and May for the 2000-2009 water years; (2) the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the daily water levels at each site during October and May and for all months during 2000-2009; and (3) the differences between mean October and May water levels, as well as the differences in the percentiles of water levels for all months, between 1990-1999 and 2000-2009. The 80th, 90th, and 96th percentiles of the annual maximums of daily groundwater levels during 1974-2009 (a 35-year period) were computed to provide an indication of unusually high groundwater-level conditions. These maps and statistics provide a generalized understanding of the variations of water levels in the aquifer, rather than a survey of concurrent water levels. Water-level measurements from 473 sites in Miami-Dade County and surrounding counties were analyzed to generate statistical analyses. The monitored water levels included surface-water levels in canals and wetland areas and groundwater levels in the Biscayne aquifer. Maps were created by importing site coordinates, summary water-level statistics, and completeness of record statistics into a geographic information system, and by interpolating between water levels at monitoring sites in the canals and water levels along the coastline. Raster surfaces were created from these data by using the triangular irregular network interpolation method. The raster surfaces were contoured by using geographic information system software. These contours were imprecise in some areas because the software could not fully evaluate the hydrology given available information; therefore, contours were manually modified where necessary. The ability to evaluate differences in water levels between 1990-1999 and 2000-2009 is limited in some areas because most of the monitoring sites did not have 80 percent complete records for one or both of these periods. The quality of the analyses was limited by (1) deficiencies in spatial coverage; (2) the combination of pre- and post-construction water levels in areas where canals, levees, retention basins, detention basins, or water-control structures were installed or removed; (3) an inability to address the potential effects of the vertical hydraulic head gradient on water levels in wells of different depths; and (4) an inability to correct for the differences between daily water-level statistics. Contours are dashed in areas where the locations of contours have been approximated because of the uncertainty caused by these limitations. Although the ability of the maps to depict differences in water levels between 1990-1999 and 2000-2009 was limited by missing data, results indicate that near the coast water levels were generally higher in May during 2000-2009 than during 1990-1999; and that inland water levels were generally lower during 2000-2009 than during 1990-1999. Generally, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of water levels from all months were also higher near the coast and lower inland during 2000–2009 than during 1990-1999. Mean October water levels during 2000-2009 were generally higher than during 1990-1999 in much of western Miami-Dade County, but were lower in a large part of eastern Miami-Dade County.

This paper performs, describes, and evaluates a comparison of seven software tools (ArcGIS Pro, GRASS GIS, SAGA GIS, CitySim, Ladybug, SimStadt and UMEP) to calculate solar irradiation. The analysis focuses on data requirements, software usability, and accuracy simulation output. The use case for the comparison is solar irradiation on building surfaces, in particular on roofs. The research involves collecting and preparing spatial and weather data. Two test areas - the Santana district in S ̃ao Paulo, Brazil, and the Heino rural area in Raalte, the Netherlands - were selected. In both cases, the study area encompasses the vicinity of a weather station. Therefore, the meteorological data from these stations serve as ground truth for the validation of the simulation results. We create several models (raster and vector) to meet the diverse input requirements. We present our findings and discuss the output from the software tools from both quantitative and qualitative points of view. Vector-based simulation models offer better results than raster-based ones. However, they have more complex data requirements. Future research will focus on evaluating the quality of the simulation results on vertical and tilted surfaces as well as the calculation of direct and diffuse solar irradiation values for vector-based methods.

The interactive map creation tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for visually engaging data representation across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $8 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising adoption of cloud-based solutions and the proliferation of readily available geospatial data are lowering the barrier to entry for both individual and corporate users. Furthermore, advancements in mapping technologies, such as 3D mapping capabilities and improved user interfaces, are enhancing the overall user experience and driving wider adoption. The increasing need for effective data visualization in fields like real estate, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and marketing is further bolstering market growth. Segmentation reveals a significant portion of the market is attributed to paid use licenses, reflecting the advanced features and support provided by premium tools. However, the free-use segment is also growing rapidly, driven by the availability of user-friendly open-source tools and freemium models offered by major players. Corporate users constitute a larger portion of the market compared to individual users, primarily due to their higher budget allocations for data visualization and analysis tools. Geographic distribution reveals a concentration of market share in North America and Europe, largely due to higher technological adoption and a well-established digital infrastructure. However, rapid growth is anticipated in Asia Pacific regions like China and India, driven by increasing urbanization and government initiatives promoting digital transformation. Market restraints include the high cost of advanced mapping software, the need for specialized technical skills for complex projects, and the potential for data security and privacy concerns. Nevertheless, ongoing technological innovation, coupled with the increasing accessibility of data and analytical tools, is anticipated to mitigate these challenges and continue to drive significant market expansion throughout the forecast period. Key players like Mapbox, ArcGIS StoryMaps, and Google are actively shaping the market landscape through continuous product development and strategic partnerships, fostering innovation and competitive pricing strategies.

The Indoor GIS Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for precise location-based services within enclosed spaces. The market, valued at approximately $1.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated $5 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising adoption of smart buildings and IoT devices provides a wealth of data that Indoor GIS software can effectively leverage for enhanced operational efficiency and improved user experiences. Secondly, the burgeoning e-commerce sector and the consequent demand for optimized warehouse logistics and efficient supply chain management are significantly boosting market demand. Thirdly, the expansion of applications into sectors like healthcare, retail, and security is further diversifying market opportunities. Cloud-based solutions are witnessing higher adoption due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of deployment compared to on-premise solutions. However, concerns regarding data security and privacy, as well as the relatively high initial investment costs for implementing Indoor GIS systems, pose challenges to market growth. Segmentation reveals strong demand across various applications. Warehouse logistics and asset management currently dominate the market share due to the clear ROI benefits of improved inventory management and asset tracking. The military and security sectors also present lucrative growth opportunities, driven by the need for sophisticated indoor navigation and situational awareness. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold the largest market shares, attributed to the high concentration of technologically advanced businesses and early adoption of Indoor GIS technologies. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to show significant growth in the coming years, propelled by rapid urbanization and expanding industrial sectors in countries like China and India. Companies like Mapedin, Esri, and others are key players driving innovation and shaping the competitive landscape. The ongoing development of advanced features such as real-time location tracking, augmented reality integration, and improved data analytics capabilities will further fuel market growth in the coming years.

The 3D mapping software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The convergence of advanced technologies like AI, cloud computing, and improved sensor capabilities is fueling innovation and expanding the applications of 3D mapping. Construction, automobile, and transportation industries are major adopters, leveraging 3D mapping for precise planning, design, and asset management. The on-cloud segment is witnessing rapid expansion due to its scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness compared to on-premise solutions. Furthermore, the growing need for accurate geographic information systems (GIS) and improved visualization in video entertainment is boosting market penetration. While data security concerns and the high initial investment costs for sophisticated software can act as restraints, the overall market trajectory remains positive. Looking ahead, the market is poised for sustained growth, particularly in regions with developing infrastructure and burgeoning technological adoption. Asia-Pacific, driven by significant investments in urban development and infrastructure projects in countries like China and India, is expected to witness the highest growth rate. North America and Europe, while already established markets, will continue to contribute substantially due to continuous technological advancements and the adoption of innovative applications. Key players like Autodesk, ESRI, and Trimble are strategically investing in R&D and partnerships to maintain their market leadership, while smaller companies are focusing on niche applications and specialized solutions. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with companies constantly striving to improve accuracy, processing speed, and user-friendliness to cater to the evolving needs of various industries. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates a continued upward trend, propelled by these factors and the ongoing digital transformation across diverse sectors.

Statistical analyses and maps representing mean, high, and low water-level conditions in the surface water and groundwater of Miami-Dade County were made by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources, to help inform decisions necessary for urban planning and development. Sixteen maps were created that show contours of (1) the mean of daily water levels at each site during October and May for the 2000-2009 water years; (2) the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the daily water levels at each site during October and May and for all months during 2000-2009; and (3) the differences between mean October and May water levels, as well as the differences in the percentiles of water levels for all months, between 1990-1999 and 2000-2009. The 80th, 90th, and 96th percentiles of the annual maximums of daily groundwater levels during 1974-2009 (a 35-year period) were computed to provide an indication of unusually high groundwater-level conditions. These maps and statistics provide a generalized understanding of the variations of water levels in the aquifer, rather than a survey of concurrent water levels. Water-level measurements from 473 sites in Miami-Dade County and surrounding counties were analyzed to generate statistical analyses. The monitored water levels included surface-water levels in canals and wetland areas and groundwater levels in the Biscayne aquifer. Maps were created by importing site coordinates, summary water-level statistics, and completeness of record statistics into a geographic information system, and by interpolating between water levels at monitoring sites in the canals and water levels along the coastline. Raster surfaces were created from these data by using the triangular irregular network interpolation method. The raster surfaces were contoured by using geographic information system software. These contours were imprecise in some areas because the software could not fully evaluate the hydrology given available information; therefore, contours were manually modified where necessary. The ability to evaluate differences in water levels between 1990-1999 and 2000-2009 is limited in some areas because most of the monitoring sites did not have 80 percent complete records for one or both of these periods. The quality of the analyses was limited by (1) deficiencies in spatial coverage; (2) the combination of pre- and post-construction water levels in areas where canals, levees, retention basins, detention basins, or water-control structures were installed or removed; (3) an inability to address the potential effects of the vertical hydraulic head gradient on water levels in wells of different depths; and (4) an inability to correct for the differences between daily water-level statistics. Contours are dashed in areas where the locations of contours have been approximated because of the uncertainty caused by these limitations. Although the ability of the maps to depict differences in water levels between 1990-1999 and 2000-2009 was limited by missing data, results indicate that near the coast water levels were generally higher in May during 2000-2009 than during 1990-1999; and that inland water levels were generally lower during 2000-2009 than during 1990-1999. Generally, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of water levels from all months were also higher near the coast and lower inland during 2000–2009 than during 1990-1999. Mean October water levels during 2000-2009 were generally higher than during 1990-1999 in much of western Miami-Dade County, but were lower in a large part of eastern Miami-Dade County.

Author: A Lisson, educator, Minnesota Alliance for Geographic EducationGrade/Audience: grade 8Resource type: lessonSubject topic(s): gis, geographic thinkingRegion: united statesStandards: Minnesota Social Studies Standards

Standard 1. People use geographic representations and geospatial technologies to acquire, process and report information within a spatial context.Objectives: Students will be able to:

1. Explain the difference between two types of geospatial technologies - GPS and GIS.
2. Develop basic skills to effectively manipulate and use GPS receivers and ArcGIS software.
3. Explain uses of GPS and GIS.Summary: Students use GPS coordinates to discover geocaches at a local park, and they use ArcGIS to layer maps about the park. Frontenac State park is the example, but any park or area (including school grounds) could be used. Students also investigate careers that use GIS.

A major objective of plant ecology research is to determine the underlying processes responsible for the observed spatial distribution patterns of plant species. Plants can be approximated as points in space for this purpose, and thus, spatial point pattern analysis has become increasingly popular in ecological research. The basic piece of data for point pattern analysis is a point location of an ecological object in some study region. Therefore, point pattern analysis can only be performed if data can be collected. However, due to the lack of a convenient sampling method, a few previous studies have used point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns of grassland species. This is unfortunate because being able to explore point patterns in grassland systems has widespread implications for population dynamics, community-level patterns and ecological processes. In this study, we develop a new method to measure individual coordinates of species in grassland communities. This method records plant growing positions via digital picture samples that have been sub-blocked within a geographical information system (GIS). Here, we tested out the new method by measuring the individual coordinates of Stipa grandis in grazed and ungrazed S. grandis communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. Furthermore, we analyzed the pattern of S. grandis by using the pair correlation function g(r) with both a homogeneous Poisson process and a heterogeneous Poisson process. Our results showed that individuals of S. grandis were overdispersed according to the homogeneous Poisson process at 0-0.16 m in the ungrazed community, while they were clustered at 0.19 m according to the homogeneous and heterogeneous Poisson processes in the grazed community. These results suggest that competitive interactions dominated the ungrazed community, while facilitative interactions dominated the grazed community. In sum, we successfully executed a new sampling method, using digital photography and a Geographical Information System, to collect experimental data on the spatial point patterns for the populations in this grassland community.

Methods 1. Data collection using digital photographs and GIS

A flat 5 m x 5 m sampling block was chosen in a study grassland community and divided with bamboo chopsticks into 100 sub-blocks of 50 cm x 50 cm (Fig. 1). A digital camera was then mounted to a telescoping stake and positioned in the center of each sub-block to photograph vegetation within a 0.25 m2 area. Pictures were taken 1.75 m above the ground at an approximate downward angle of 90° (Fig. 2). Automatic camera settings were used for focus, lighting and shutter speed. After photographing the plot as a whole, photographs were taken of each individual plant in each sub-block. In order to identify each individual plant from the digital images, each plant was uniquely marked before the pictures were taken (Fig. 2 B).

Digital images were imported into a computer as JPEG files, and the position of each plant in the pictures was determined using GIS. This involved four steps: 1) A reference frame (Fig. 3) was established using R2V software to designate control points, or the four vertexes of each sub-block (Appendix S1), so that all plants in each sub-block were within the same reference frame. The parallax and optical distortion in the raster images was then geometrically corrected based on these selected control points; 2) Maps, or layers in GIS terminology, were set up for each species as PROJECT files (Appendix S2), and all individuals in each sub-block were digitized using R2V software (Appendix S3). For accuracy, the digitization of plant individual locations was performed manually; 3) Each plant species layer was exported from a PROJECT file to a SHAPE file in R2V software (Appendix S4); 4) Finally each species layer was opened in Arc GIS software in the SHAPE file format, and attribute data from each species layer was exported into Arc GIS to obtain the precise coordinates for each species. This last phase involved four steps of its own, from adding the data (Appendix S5), to opening the attribute table (Appendix S6), to adding new x and y coordinate fields (Appendix S7) and to obtaining the x and y coordinates and filling in the new fields (Appendix S8).

1. Data reliability assessment

To determine the accuracy of our new method, we measured the individual locations of Leymus chinensis, a perennial rhizome grass, in representative community blocks 5 m x 5 m in size in typical steppe habitat in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in July 2010 (Fig. 4 A). As our standard for comparison, we used a ruler to measure the individual coordinates of L. chinensis. We tested for significant differences between (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler (see section 3.2 Data Analysis). If (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, did not differ significantly, then we could conclude that our new method of measuring the coordinates of L. chinensis was reliable.

We compared the results using a t-test (Table 1). We found no significant differences in either (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis or (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis. Further, we compared the pattern characteristics of L. chinensis when measured by our new method against the ruler measurements using a null model. We found that the two pattern characteristics of L. chinensis did not differ significantly based on the homogenous Poisson process or complete spatial randomness (Fig. 4 B). Thus, we concluded that the data obtained using our new method was reliable enough to perform point pattern analysis with a null model in grassland communities.

This is a raster-based suitability map of landfill sites produced after the February 6, 2023, Türkiye earthquakes centred on Kahramanmaraş - Pazarcık and Kahramanmaraş - Elbistan. In this study, a site selection model was developed using open-source Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software and the Best-Worst Method (BWM), one of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods, to determine the most suitable landfill areas immediately after the earthquake.The suitability map of the landfill sites can be accessed through the Serverless Cloud-GIS based Disaster Management Portal at https://web.itu.edu.tr/metemu/nominal/deprem.htmlThe pairwise comparison matrix, weight calculation, and sensitivity analysis are also provided in the MS Excel file.

Animal mortality on roads is one of the main concerns on wildlife conservation. Due to their habitat requirements, amphibians became one of the most commonly road-killed group and this may affect their population viability. Implementation of mitigation measures may overcome the problem. However, due to the extensive road network, their application is very expensive and required a better understanding in where they should be implemented. Mortality hotspots can be identified as clusters of road-killed records) using GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Although there are several statistical methods available, it is lacking a comparison analysis of them in order to understand their pros and contras. The aim of this study was to analyse possible differences between global, multi-scale and local spatial analysis methods in defining hotspots using amphibian road fatality data collected in northern Portugal country roads. We calculated the Nearest neighbor index, Morans I and Getis-ord General in order to compare the global clustering of points in seven sampled roads, and three were identified as clustered. We used Ripley K-function, Ripley L-function and F function to calculate the best scale for Malo's equation and Kernel density analysis in detecting hotspots and we compared their detection performance with Local Indicators of Association (LISA) (i.e Local Moran's I and Getis-ord Gi). Three different GIS software applications were used: ArcGis, Quantum GIS with R (opensource) and GeoDa (opensource). Results showed the importance of using multidistance spatial cluster analysis to define the best scale for hotspot detection with Malo´s equation and Kernel density analysis. Here we also suggest the advantages of Local Indicators of Association (LISA) for detecting clusters with the contribution of each individual observation (Local Morans I and Getis-ord Gi).

These data are digital elevation models (DEMs) of difference (DoD). They are a geospatial dataset created in raster (.tif) format and quantify vertical (z) topographic change between two dates. The data were created to support analysis of landscape change following the 7th February 2021 avalanche-debris flow in Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India. The data also supported numerical modelling using CAESAR-Lisflood (see related data https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/7023cb77-c797-475e-872c-6f1e2b63dcc1). They are most commonly imported into GIS software, where they can be analysed or support other forms of geospatial analysis.

The Southwestern Region is 20.6 million acres. There are six national forests in Arizona, five national forests and a national grassland in New Mexico, and one national grassland each in Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle.The region ranges in elevation from 1,600 feet above sea level and an annual rain fall of 8 inches in Arizona's lower Sonoran Desert to 13,171-foot high Wheeler Peak and over 35 inches of precipitation a year in northern New Mexico. Geographic Information Systems or GIS are computer systems, software and data used to analyze and display spatial or locational data about surface features. One of the strengths of GIS is the capability to overlay or compare multiple feature layers. A user can then analyze the relationship between the layers. Data, reports and maps produced through GIS are used by managers and resource specialists to make decisions about land management activities on National Forests. The National Forests of the Southwestern Region maintain and utilize GIS data for various features on the ground. Some of these datasets are made available for download through this page. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GIS Datasets. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r3/landmanagement/gis/?cid=STELPRDB5202474 Selected GIS datasets for the Southwestern Region are available for download from this page.Resource Software Recommended: ArcExplorer,url: http://www.esri.com/software/arcexplorer/index.html

The drone mapping software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors like agriculture, construction, and infrastructure. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors: the declining cost of drones, advancements in software capabilities (including AI-powered image processing and 3D modeling), and the rising need for efficient and accurate data acquisition for various applications. The market is segmented by software type (e.g., photogrammetry, LiDAR processing), deployment mode (cloud-based, on-premise), and end-user industry. While the precise market size for 2025 is unavailable, considering a typical CAGR of 15-20% in the technology sector and a base year (2025) we can reasonably estimate the market size to be around $800 million USD. We project this figure to grow significantly over the forecast period (2025-2033), reaching potentially $2.5 Billion to $3 Billion USD by 2033, depending on various macroeconomic factors. Major players like Airware, 3D Robotics, and DroneDeploy are actively shaping the market landscape through continuous innovation and strategic partnerships. However, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, data security concerns, and the need for skilled professionals to operate and interpret the data remain. The market is expected to witness increasing consolidation as larger companies acquire smaller players, leading to a more concentrated competitive environment. Future growth will be significantly impacted by the development and integration of advanced technologies such as AI-based automation and improved integration with other GIS and data management systems. The continued adoption of drone mapping software will be largely determined by its ability to offer cost-effective and time-saving solutions compared to traditional surveying methods, ultimately increasing efficiency and productivity across various industries.

This 90 minute session will cover data discovery and extraction via the CHASS Census Analyzer and basic GIS visualization. We will highlight the added value features of using CHASS compared to Statistics Canada Census Profiles. We will provide an overview of the steps involved in visualizing Census data in ArcGIS, including data elements and major processes. This session will also feature a critical discussion on visualizing Census data in GIS software, focusing on the technical expertise required to produce usable visualizations as well as the responsibility (and credit) for producing visualizations.