Background: Computer Networks have a tendency to grow at an unprecedented scale. Modern networks involve not only computers but also a wide variety of other interconnected devices ranging from mobile phones to other household items fitted with sensors. This vision of the "Internet of Things" (IoT) implies an inherent difficulty in modeling problems. Purpose: It is practically impossible to implement and test all scenarios for large-scale and complex adaptive communication networks as part of Complex Adaptive Communication Networks and Environments (CACOONS). The goal of this study is to explore the use of Agent-based Modeling as part of the Cognitive Agent-based Computing (CABC) framework to model a Complex communication network problem. Method: We use Exploratory Agent-based Modeling (EABM), as part of the CABC framework, to develop an autonomous multi-agent architecture for managing carbon footprint in a corporate network. To evaluate the application of complexity in practical scenarios, we have also introduced a company-defined computer usage policy. Results: The conducted experiments demonstrated two important results: Primarily CABC-based modeling approach such as using Agent-based Modeling can be an effective approach to modeling complex problems in the domain of IoT. Secondly, the specific problem of managing the Carbon footprint can be solved using a multiagent system approach.

Airport Data Communication System (DCS) Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global airport data communication system (DCS) market size reached USD 6.8 billion in 2024, reflecting strong momentum driven by the rapid modernization of airport infrastructure and increasing air traffic worldwide. The market is expected to grow at a robust CAGR of 7.2% from 2025 to 2033, with the projected market size anticipated to reach USD 12.7 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily fueled by rising investments in digital transformation initiatives, the adoption of advanced communication technologies, and the escalating need for enhanced safety, efficiency, and passenger experience across both commercial and military airports.

One of the most significant growth factors for the airport data communication system (DCS) market is the exponential increase in global air passenger volumes, which necessitates efficient and reliable data communication infrastructures. Airports are under constant pressure to optimize operations, minimize delays, and ensure seamless passenger journeys. DCS solutions, which integrate hardware, software, and services, play a pivotal role in automating and streamlining airport processes, such as check-in, baggage handling, and security screening. The shift towards smart airports, characterized by interconnected systems and real-time data sharing, is accelerating the deployment of advanced DCS platforms. This trend is further reinforced by the growing emphasis on regulatory compliance and the need to meet stringent safety and security standards set by international aviation authorities.

Another key driver is the technological evolution in communication protocols and the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing within airport data communication systems. These innovations enable airports to gather, analyze, and act upon vast amounts of data generated across various touchpoints, from air traffic control to passenger processing. Enhanced data analytics capabilities empower airports to make data-driven decisions, optimize resource allocation, and respond swiftly to operational disruptions. Furthermore, the adoption of next-generation wireless communication technologies, including 5G, is enabling faster, more reliable, and secure data transmission, thereby supporting the seamless functioning of mission-critical airport operations.

Additionally, the airport data communication system (DCS) market is benefiting from increased government funding and public-private partnerships aimed at upgrading aging airport infrastructure, particularly in emerging economies. These investments are not only facilitating the deployment of state-of-the-art DCS solutions but also promoting the standardization and interoperability of communication systems across airports globally. The market is witnessing a surge in demand for integrated communication platforms that can support multimodal operations, enhance situational awareness, and enable collaborative decision-making among stakeholders. As airports continue to evolve into complex digital ecosystems, the role of robust and scalable data communication systems becomes even more critical in ensuring operational resilience and future-readiness.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing market, driven by massive infrastructure development projects, rising air travel demand, and the proliferation of new airport constructions in countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. North America and Europe, with their mature aviation sectors, are witnessing steady growth, primarily fueled by technology upgrades and the replacement of legacy systems. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are also investing heavily in airport modernization to support tourism and economic diversification initiatives. The global landscape is characterized by a dynamic interplay of regulatory, technological, and economic factors, all converging to shape the future trajectory of the airport data communication system (DCS) market.

The global optical data transmission system market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for high-bandwidth applications and the proliferation of data centers. The market, currently valued at approximately $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of $45 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the escalating adoption of cloud computing, the surge in 5G network deployments, and the growing need for faster and more reliable data transmission across various sectors. The adoption of advanced technologies like coherent optical communication and software-defined networking (SDN) further enhances the capabilities of optical data transmission systems, enabling them to meet the demands of increasingly complex data networks. Segment-wise, the amplifier separation type and data transmission application segments are anticipated to dominate the market due to their crucial role in long-haul and high-capacity data transmission. Significant regional variations exist in market growth. North America and Europe currently hold substantial market shares, driven by advanced technological infrastructure and high adoption rates. However, the Asia-Pacific region is poised for rapid expansion in the coming years, fueled by the significant investments in infrastructure development and the rising demand for high-speed internet connectivity across countries like China and India. Market restraints include the high initial investment costs associated with deploying optical data transmission systems, and competition from alternative technologies. However, the long-term benefits of superior bandwidth, reliability, and scalability are expected to outweigh these limitations, ensuring continued market expansion throughout the forecast period.

In this Communication, we report the unprecedented solid-state structures for a series of zinc(II) silsesquioxane complexes. Initial catalytic data for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide are also presented together with analogous heterogeneous species.

Wireless Communication Chipset Market size was valued at USD 153.2 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 521.56 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 19.5% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Global Wireless Communication Chipset Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Wireless Communication Chipset Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Advancements in 5G Technology: The rollout and expansion of 5G networks globally continue to drive the demand for advanced wireless communication chipsets. With 5G’s promise of faster data speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect more devices simultaneously, the chipsets that support these demands are crucial for telecommunications, enhanced mobile broadband, and IoT applications. Proliferation of IoT Devices: The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is rapidly expanding, encompassing sectors such as smart homes, industrial automation, healthcare, and automotive. Wireless communication chipsets are essential for connecting and managing the myriad of IoT devices, thus pushing the market demand upward significantly. Increasing Consumer Electronics Consumption: The surge in sales and usage of consumer electronics like smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearable devices continues to fuel the need for efficient and high-performance wireless communication chipsets. Enhanced connectivity features and improved battery life require innovative chipset solutions catering to these demands. Growing Demand for Smart Home Devices: As consumers increasingly adopt smart home technology, including smart speakers, thermostats, security systems, and lighting, the requirement for reliable wireless communication chipsets is growing. These chipsets ensure seamless communication between devices, thus enhancing the functionality and user experience of smart home ecosystems. Expansion of Wireless Infrastructure: Ongoing investments in wireless infrastructure, including the deployment of small cells and Wi-Fi 6, drive the need for advanced chipsets. These investments are aimed at improving network coverage and capacity, ensuring that communication networks can support higher data loads and more connected devices. Evolution of AR and VR Technologies: Innovations in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies demand high-performance wireless communication chipsets to deliver immersive experiences. These applications require low latency and high data throughput, making advanced chipsets a critical component for AR/VR development. Rising Adoption of AI and Edge Computing: With the increased integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and edge computing in various applications, there is a growing demand for specialized wireless communication chipsets that can handle complex data processing locally. This trend enhances the performance and efficiency of smart devices and networks. Automotive Industry Innovations: The automotive sector's shift towards connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) requires robust wireless communication systems. Chipsets that enable vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication are essential for the development and deployment of these advanced automotive technologies, ensuring safety and connectivity on the road. Growth of Wearable Technology: The expanding wearable tech market, including fitness trackers, smartwatches, and health monitoring devices, significantly relies on wireless communication chipsets for robust connectivity and data transmission. These wearables demand chipsets that provide extended battery life and compact sizes without compromising performance. Enhanced Mobile Network Capabilities: Mobile network providers are continuously upgrading their services to offer better coverage, higher speeds, and more reliable connections. This leads to heightened demand for state-of-the-art wireless communication chipsets that can support these upgraded networks and meet consumer expectations for network performance.

To identify what facilitates retail communication access for people with complex communication needs, and the impact of communication in this context on social inclusion. Seven adults with lifelong or acquired complex communication needs who used augmentative and alternative communication devices (AAC) and nine retailers participated in interviews to determine factors that contributed to communication access and inclusion. Interview data were analysed using the grounded theory method within an ecological model of social inclusion. Retail participants did not differentiate between disabilities and their lack of understanding of complex communication needs was a barrier to inclusion. Participants with complex communication needs had received little preparation from speech-language pathologists on how to use AAC effectively when shopping. Communication access was achieved predominantly through participants’ individual self-advocacy. Organisational and systemic measures are needed to better inform retailers about their responsibilities toward people who use AAC. Business prioritisation of communication access, government programs that differentiate and support people with lesser-known disabilities such as complex communication needs, and speech-language pathology support to use AAC in the retail environment is likely to improve communication access and social inclusion.Implications for rehabilitationThere is an urgent need to consider.Social policy that differentiates people with complex communication needs and contributes to public awareness of their communication needs.Directly-delivered training for retailers on adjustments for communication access for people with CCN.Support from local disability advocates, speech-language pathologists and disability services for self-advocacy with retailers by people with CCN.Early training aimed at all stakeholders by speech-language therapists in the use of speech generating devices when retail shopping. There is an urgent need to consider. Social policy that differentiates people with complex communication needs and contributes to public awareness of their communication needs. Directly-delivered training for retailers on adjustments for communication access for people with CCN. Support from local disability advocates, speech-language pathologists and disability services for self-advocacy with retailers by people with CCN. Early training aimed at all stakeholders by speech-language therapists in the use of speech generating devices when retail shopping.

Mate choice involves processing signals that can reach high levels of complexity and feature multiple components, even in small animals with tiny brains. This raises the question of whether and how such organisms deal with this complexity. One solution involves combinatorial processing, whereby different signal elements are processed as single units. Combinatorial processing has been described in several mammals and birds, and recently in a vibrationally signalling insect, Enchenopa treehoppers. Here, we ask about the relationship between combinatorial rules and mate preferences for continuously varying signal features. Enchenopa male advertisement signals are composed of two elements: a ‘whine’ followed by a set of pulses. The dominant frequency of the whine and element combination both matter to females. We presented synthetic signals varying in element order (natural [whine-pulses], reverse [pulses-whine]) and in frequency to Enchenopa females and recorded their responses. The revers...

Effective and efficient communication is essential in medical and legal emergency situations. People with complex communication needs (CCN) may need additional supports to communicate their needs in emergency situations. Emergency first responders (EFR) are not adequately trained for working with this vulnerable population. To address this, a 90-minute educational session was created to provide information to EFRs about communicating more effectively when assisting individuals with CCN. This study is a retrospective analysis of data collected from 691 EFRs who participated in the educational sessions. The analyses focused on examining: 1) changes in knowledge and attitudes of the EFRs; 2) potential influence from the demographic variables; and 3) potential correlation between the changes in knowledge and attitudes following the educational sessions. Results indicated a statistically significant (p < .05) difference in changes in knowledge and attitudes. The demographic variables were not statistically significant, indicating that the educational session was effective for all groups. Additionally, there was a weak positive correlation between the changes in knowledge and attitudes which yielded statistical significance. Given the findings, the specialized educational program to improve communication between EFRs and people with CCN should be explored in greater detail in other areas of the country.

Fixed-Asset-Turnover Time Series for Tainet Communication System. Tainet Communication System Corp. provides carrier class access equipment to telecommunication companies, service operators, and business users worldwide. The company offers Ethernet access devices, fiber optics, VoIP gateway products, xDSL and analog modems, LTE routers, PON, and optical transceivers. It also provides wireless access and data communication; voice services in complex network environments and VoIP gateway communication; xDSL Ethernet, multi service extension, and railway solutions for TRA; TDM over IP communication; and copper over fiber connectivity solutions. Tainet Communication System Corp. was founded in 1990 and is headquartered in Taipei City, Taiwan.

CCS Communication Controller Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global CCS Communication Controller market size reached USD 2.16 billion in 2024, growing at a robust CAGR of 8.4% over the forecast period. This growth trajectory is expected to continue, with the market projected to reach USD 4.37 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor fueling this expansion is the rapid adoption of advanced communication protocols in automotive and industrial automation sectors, which is driving the demand for efficient and reliable CCS communication controllers globally.

The CCS Communication Controller market is experiencing significant momentum, primarily due to the accelerating integration of connected technologies across multiple industries. The proliferation of electric vehicles and the increasing need for sophisticated in-vehicle communication systems are major contributors to market expansion. As automotive manufacturers focus on developing vehicles with enhanced connectivity, safety, and autonomous capabilities, the demand for advanced communication controllers that can manage complex data traffic efficiently is surging. Additionally, the trend toward Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing is pushing industrial players to upgrade their communication infrastructure, further boosting the adoption of CCS communication controllers.

Another key growth driver is the evolution of communication protocols such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and Ethernet, which are becoming standard in both automotive and industrial environments. These protocols enable high-speed data transfer, real-time communication, and improved interoperability between devices, making them essential for modern applications. As industries transition from legacy systems to these advanced protocols, the need for compatible and scalable CCS communication controllers is rising sharply. Moreover, the increasing emphasis on cybersecurity and data integrity in communication networks is prompting organizations to invest in controllers with enhanced security features, further propelling market growth.

The market is also benefiting from the growing adoption of electric and autonomous vehicles, particularly in developed regions such as North America and Europe. Regulatory mandates for vehicle safety, emission reduction, and energy efficiency are compelling automotive OEMs to incorporate advanced communication controllers into their designs. Furthermore, the expansion of smart city initiatives and the deployment of intelligent transportation systems are creating new opportunities for CCS communication controllers in areas such as traffic management, infrastructure monitoring, and public safety. These factors are expected to sustain market growth over the coming years, despite challenges related to standardization and integration complexities.

Regionally, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing market for CCS communication controllers, driven by the rapid industrialization and expansion of the automotive sector in countries like China, Japan, and India. The region's robust manufacturing base, coupled with increasing investments in smart infrastructure and IoT-enabled devices, is creating substantial demand for advanced communication controllers. North America and Europe continue to lead in terms of technological innovation and early adoption, while Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, supported by government initiatives and foreign investments in industrial automation and smart mobility solutions.

Product Type Analysis

The CCS Communication Controller market is segmented by product type into hardware, software, and services. Hardware components, which form the backbone of communication systems, currently account for the largest revenue share. These include microcontrollers, integrated circuits, and physical interfaces that enable seamless data exchange between devices. The demand for robust and high-performance hardware solutions is being driven by the increasing complexity of com

Semantic Communications for 6G Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global Semantic Communications for 6G market size in 2024 stands at USD 1.37 billion, reflecting the growing momentum in next-generation wireless technology. The market is expected to expand at a robust CAGR of 37.8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a projected USD 21.85 billion by 2033. This rapid growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for intelligent, context-aware communication solutions that leverage advanced semantic processing to optimize data transmission, reduce network congestion, and enable a new era of hyper-connected applications. Semantic communications for 6G are poised to transform industries by enabling more efficient, meaningful, and adaptive data exchange, thus addressing the evolving needs of digital transformation across various sectors.

One of the primary growth factors fueling the semantic communications for 6G market is the surging adoption of AI-driven technologies and machine learning algorithms across communication networks. As 6G networks aim to deliver ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and unprecedented data rates, semantic communications provide a paradigm shift by interpreting and transmitting the intended meaning of data rather than just raw bits. This semantic layer allows for significant reductions in redundant data transmission, optimizes bandwidth usage, and enhances network efficiency. With the proliferation of IoT devices, autonomous systems, and real-time applications, industries are increasingly seeking solutions that can intelligently manage and prioritize data, making semantic communications a critical enabler for the future of wireless connectivity.

Another significant driver is the rapid evolution of smart cities and the integration of advanced communication infrastructures in urban environments. Semantic communications for 6G enable seamless interoperability among heterogeneous devices, sensors, and platforms, which is essential for the deployment of intelligent transportation systems, smart grids, and public safety networks. The ability to extract and utilize semantic information from vast data streams empowers city planners and service providers to deliver more personalized, efficient, and secure services. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on sustainable urban development and resource optimization is accelerating investments in 6G-enabled semantic communication solutions, as these technologies promise to enhance the quality of life while reducing operational costs and environmental impact.

The healthcare and automotive sectors are also contributing significantly to the growth of the semantic communications for 6G market. In healthcare, the need for real-time, context-aware data exchange between medical devices, practitioners, and patients is driving the adoption of semantic communication frameworks. These solutions facilitate more accurate diagnostics, remote monitoring, and personalized treatment plans. In the automotive industry, the rise of autonomous vehicles and connected mobility ecosystems demands ultra-reliable, low-latency communication channels capable of interpreting complex environmental data. Semantic communications enable vehicles to share not just raw sensor data, but actionable insights, thereby enhancing safety, efficiency, and user experience. As these industries continue to innovate, the demand for advanced semantic communication capabilities is expected to surge.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is emerging as a dominant force in the semantic communications for 6G market, driven by substantial investments in 6G research and development, robust government initiatives, and the presence of leading technology companies. North America and Europe are also witnessing significant growth, fueled by early adoption of advanced wireless technologies, strong focus on digital transformation, and a highly competitive telecommunications landscape. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are gradually increasing their participation, supported by expanding digital infrastructure and growing awareness of the benefits of semantic communications. The global market is characterized by a dynamic interplay of regional advancements, with each geography contributing unique strengths to the evolution of 6G semantic communications.

Component Analysis

The component segment of the semantic communications for 6G market is broadly categorized into hardware, software, and services, each playin

Advanced social behavior, or eusociality, has been evolutionarily profound, allowing colonies of ants, termites, social wasps, and bees to dominate competitively over solitary species throughout the Cenozoic. Advanced sociality requires not just nestmate cooperation and specialization but refined coordination and communication. Here we provide independent evidence that 100-million-year-old Cretaceous ants in amber were social, based on chemosensory adaptations. Previous studies inferred fossil ant sociality from individual ants preserved adjacent to others. We analyzed several fossil ants for their antennal sensilla, using original rotation imaging of amber microinclusions, and found an array of antennal sensilla, specifically for alarm pheromone detection and nestmate recognition, sharing distinctive features with extant ants. Even though Cretaceous ants were stem groups, the fossilized sensilla confirm hypotheses of their complex sociality.

In-Vehicle Networking Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global in-vehicle networking market size in 2024 stands at USD 4.8 billion, with a robust CAGR of 10.2% projected through the forecast period. By 2033, the market is anticipated to reach approximately USD 12.6 billion, reflecting significant momentum driven by the rapid evolution of automotive electronics and the increasing adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The primary growth factor is the automotive industry's shift towards connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles, which necessitates more sophisticated and reliable in-vehicle networking solutions to support complex data communication and safety requirements.

One of the most significant drivers for the in-vehicle networking market is the increasing integration of electronic systems in modern vehicles. With the proliferation of infotainment systems, telematics, ADAS, and powertrain control modules, there is a growing demand for robust networking protocols capable of handling high-speed data transmission, real-time communication, and enhanced cybersecurity. The transition from conventional mechanical systems to electronic and software-driven architectures is compelling automakers to adopt advanced networking technologies such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, MOST, and Ethernet. This shift is not only improving vehicle performance and safety but also enabling over-the-air (OTA) updates, predictive maintenance, and enhanced user experiences, further propelling market expansion.

Additionally, the surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption and the emergence of autonomous driving technologies are acting as catalysts for the in-vehicle networking market. EVs require sophisticated powertrain and battery management systems, which depend heavily on reliable and high-bandwidth networking solutions for optimal performance. Similarly, autonomous vehicles rely on a multitude of sensors, cameras, and control units that must communicate seamlessly and in real time. This trend is driving OEMs and suppliers to invest in next-generation networking protocols and architectures capable of supporting the stringent latency, bandwidth, and safety requirements of tomorrowÂ’s vehicles. The convergence of electrification, automation, and connectivity is thus shaping the future trajectory of the in-vehicle networking market.

Furthermore, regulatory mandates and safety standards across major automotive markets are encouraging the adoption of advanced networking technologies. Governments and regulatory agencies in regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific are imposing stringent requirements related to vehicle safety, emissions, and cybersecurity. Compliance with these regulations necessitates the integration of sophisticated networking solutions that can support features like electronic stability control, collision avoidance, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. This regulatory push, coupled with rising consumer demand for enhanced safety and convenience features, is expected to sustain the marketÂ’s upward trajectory over the coming years.

Regionally, Asia Pacific is expected to maintain its dominance in the in-vehicle networking market, driven by the presence of major automotive manufacturing hubs and rapid adoption of advanced vehicle technologies in countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea. North America and Europe are also significant contributors, benefiting from strong R&D investments, a high concentration of premium vehicle manufacturers, and early adoption of connected and autonomous vehicle technologies. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing gradual growth, supported by increasing vehicle production and rising demand for advanced safety and infotainment features. The regional landscape is thus characterized by a mix of mature and emerging markets, each contributing to the overall expansion of the in-vehicle networking sector.

In the context of these advancements, the concept of an Automotive Network Resilience Platform is gaining traction. This platform is designed to ensure that the complex web of in-vehicle networks remains robust and secure, even in the face of potential disruptions. As vehicles become increasingly connected, the risk of network failures or cyber threats poses a significant challenge. An Automotiv

Industrial Communication Module Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global industrial communication module market size reached USD 4.85 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust expansion supported by the ongoing digital transformation in industrial sectors. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2025 to 2033, with the forecasted market size set to reach USD 9.59 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is driven by the increasing adoption of Industry 4.0, automation technologies, and the need for seamless data exchange between industrial devices and systems. As per our latest research, the integration of advanced communication protocols and the proliferation of IoT devices in manufacturing and process industries are key contributors to this upward trajectory.

A primary growth factor for the industrial communication module market is the accelerating pace of digitalization across manufacturing and process industries. Companies worldwide are rapidly embracing automation and smart manufacturing techniques to enhance operational efficiency, reduce downtime, and boost productivity. This transformation necessitates reliable and high-speed communication modules capable of handling complex data exchanges in real-time. The deployment of industrial Ethernet and wireless communication modules is becoming increasingly vital for supporting machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, predictive maintenance, and remote monitoring. The convergence of operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) is further propelling demand, as businesses seek to build interconnected, data-driven environments that enable agile and responsive production processes.

Another significant driver is the growing emphasis on industrial safety, regulatory compliance, and energy management. Modern industrial communication modules facilitate real-time monitoring and control of critical systems, thus supporting predictive analytics and proactive decision-making. Industries such as oil & gas, energy & power, and pharmaceuticals are particularly reliant on robust communication infrastructure to ensure uninterrupted operations and compliance with stringent safety standards. The evolution of communication protocols like PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, and EtherCAT has enabled the development of highly reliable and scalable modules that can be seamlessly integrated into existing industrial networks. This technological advancement is not only enhancing operational visibility but also reducing the risk of costly downtime and equipment failures.

The proliferation of wireless and cloud-based communication solutions is also playing a pivotal role in market growth. As industrial environments become more complex and geographically dispersed, the need for flexible and scalable communication modules has intensified. Wireless communication modules are enabling remote asset management, mobile workforce connectivity, and real-time data acquisition from hard-to-reach locations. The integration of cloud computing and edge analytics with industrial communication modules is unlocking new opportunities for data-driven decision-making, process optimization, and predictive maintenance. These trends are particularly pronounced in sectors such as automotive, food & beverages, and chemicals, where agility and responsiveness are critical to maintaining competitive advantage.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific leads the industrial communication module market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the rapid industrialization, significant investments in smart manufacturing, and the presence of major electronics and automotive manufacturing hubs in countries like China, Japan, South Korea, and India. North America and Europe also represent substantial markets, driven by early adoption of industrial automation technologies and a strong focus on innovation and sustainability. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging as promising markets, supported by increasing investments in infrastructure, energy, and oil & gas sectors. The regional outlook remains highly positive, with each region contributing uniquely to the global market's growth trajectory.

Product Type Analysis

The industrial communication module market is segmented by product type into fieldbus communication modules, industrial Ethernet communication modules, wireless communication modules, and

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US Data Center Fabric Market Size 2024-2028

The US data center fabric market size is forecast to increase by USD 35.57 billion at a CAGR of 32.14% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. The increasing demand for cloud computing services is driving the market, as these provide the necessary infrastructure for building scalable and efficient cloud environments. Another trend is the growth of hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI), which simplifies management and reduces complexity. However, the high cost of implementation and maintenance remains a challenge for market growth. This offers a solution by enabling automation, simplifying network management, and reducing the need for manual intervention. Despite the initial investment, the long-term benefits of improved efficiency, scalability, and agility make fabrics an attractive option for US businesses.

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The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for IT and communication infrastructure in various industries, including healthcare, computing resources, and cloud computing services. The market is driven by the need for high-bandwidth communication and low-latency networks to support data-intensive applications, such as artificial intelligence and IoT. Routers and switches are the key components, providing logical unit connectivity and enabling high-speed data transfer between servers and storage systems. The adoption of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) technologies is also fueling the market's growth, allowing for more efficient and flexible network management.

The shift towards virtualized and edge computing is also driving demand, as these architectures require high-speed, low-latency communication between virtual machines and cloud storage. The legacy three-tiered network architecture is being replaced by more agile and scalable fabric-based designs, offering improved performance and reduced complexity. Data storage and data-intensive applications are other major factors driving the market, as organizations seek to maximize their computing resources and minimize the risk of data loss or downtime. Overall, the market in the US is expected to continue growing as businesses increasingly rely on IT infrastructure to support their digital transformation initiatives.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD Billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018 - 2022 for the following segments.

Application

  IT
  BFSI
  Retail
  Healthcare
  Others


End-user

  Cloud service providers (CSPs)
  Enterprises
  Telecom service providers (TSPs)

By Application Insights

The IT segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing adoption of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) in data-intensive applications. These technologies enable high-bandwidth, low-latency communication, essential for handling large data transfer rates and complex data flows. Artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics are also driving the market, as they require advanced network architectures to manage and protect sensitive information. Cybersecurity concerns are a major factor influencing the market, with the need for encryption, access controls, and network security equipment becoming increasingly important. Data protection laws and regulations are also shaping the market, as organizations seek to comply with these requirements.

Network architecture is evolving from conventional three-tiered designs to virtualized systems, which offer greater flexibility and scalability. Telecom service providers, cloud service providers, media and entertainment companies, IT services, servers, and storage area networks (SANs) are among the key users. Fifth-generation technology and multitiered architectures are expected to further boost the market, as they enable faster data transfer speeds and more efficient data management. Virtual machines, cloud storage, big data tools, and logical unit networking are also key trends in the market. Despite these opportunities, the market faces challenges, including the need for interoperability between different companies and the complexity of managing and securing virtualized environments.

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The IT segment was valued at USD 1.40 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Our market researchers analyzed the data with 2023 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help compani

These are the data and code to reproduce the simulations and figures from the manuscript "The contribution of movement to social network structure and spreading dynamics under simple and complex transmission" by Michael Chimento and Damien Farine. This is a simulation study where we test different combinations of transmission rules and movement rules on both dynamic and static networks. This includes the agent based models written in Python, the R code to produce all figures and tables, and the data used to generate the figures in the manuscript.

The global Control & Communication Link Cable market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of automation and digitalization across various industries. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the rising demand for high-speed data transmission in industrial automation, the proliferation of smart factories and Industry 4.0 initiatives, and the growing need for reliable and robust connectivity solutions in critical infrastructure applications. This necessitates cables capable of handling complex data streams and operating in harsh environments. Furthermore, the increasing preference for energy-efficient solutions and the stringent regulatory compliance requirements regarding safety and performance are also driving market growth. We estimate the current market size to be approximately $15 billion in 2025, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% between 2025 and 2033. This growth is not uniform across all segments. While the industrial automation sector dominates current market share, significant growth is anticipated in segments like renewable energy, transportation, and smart cities. Key players like Helukabel, Belden, and 3M are investing heavily in research and development to enhance cable performance and introduce innovative solutions that cater to emerging technological advancements. However, the market also faces certain restraints, including fluctuations in raw material prices, supply chain disruptions, and the competitive landscape. To navigate these challenges, manufacturers are focusing on strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and vertical integration to consolidate their market position and expand their global reach. The forecast period (2025-2033) is poised for further market expansion, particularly in Asia-Pacific and other developing regions experiencing rapid industrialization.

Complex signals are commonly used during intraspecific contests over resources to assess an opponent's fighting ability and/or aggressive state. Stomatopod crustaceans may use complex signals when competing aggressively for refuges. Before physical attacks, stomatopods assess their opponents using chemical cues and perform threat displays showing a coloured patch, the meral spot. In some species, this spot reflects UV. However, despite their complex visual system with up to 20 photoreceptor classes, we do not know if stomatopods use chromatic or achromatic signals in contests. In a field study, we found that Neogonodactylus oerstedii meral spot luminance varies with sex, habitat and, more weakly, body length. Next, we conducted an experimental manipulation which demonstrated that both chemical cues and chromatic signals are used during contests. In the absence of chemical cues, stomatopods approached an occupied refuge more quickly and performed offensive behaviours at a lower rate. Whe...

Telecommunications Cable Market Outlook

The global telecommunications cable market size was valued at approximately $45 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow to an impressive $75 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8%. This substantial growth can be attributed to the ever-increasing demand for high-speed internet and data transmission capabilities, spurred by the rapid technological advancements and the proliferation of internet-enabled devices. The expanding base of internet users globally, coupled with the growing need for efficient data centers and telecommunication infrastructure, is propelling market growth. Additionally, the implementation of 5G technology is expected to be a significant driver, requiring extensive deployment of fiber optic cables to support the high-speed data transmission demands.

One of the primary growth factors for the telecommunications cable market is the ongoing global digitization trend. As industries and governments worldwide strive towards digital transformation, the demand for efficient and robust telecommunications infrastructure has surged. This has led to increased investments in upgrading existing cable networks and the deployment of new systems. Additionally, the rise of smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT) has further fueled the need for advanced telecommunications networks, driving the growth of the cable market. The emphasis on sustainable and energy-efficient solutions is also prompting innovation in cable materials and technology, enhancing the performance and durability of telecommunication systems.

Another significant growth driver is the rapid expansion of mobile broadband networks. The advent of 5G technology is transforming the telecommunications landscape, necessitating a shift from traditional copper-based cables to more advanced fiber optic systems. Fiber optic cables offer superior bandwidth, speed, and reliability, making them indispensable for modern telecommunication needs. As countries across the globe race to deploy 5G networks, the demand for fiber optic cables is anticipated to witness exponential growth. Moreover, the increasing adoption of streaming services, online gaming, and remote work and education models is also fueling the demand for high-speed internet, further bolstering the telecommunications cable market.

The proliferation of data centers globally is another critical factor contributing to the market growth. With the exponential increase in data generation and consumption, the demand for data storage and processing has surged. This has led to an upsurge in the construction of data centers, which rely heavily on advanced telecommunications cables for efficient data transmission and network connectivity. The growing trend of cloud computing and big data analytics is further contributing to the increased deployment of data centers, thereby driving the demand for high-performance telecommunication cables. Additionally, government initiatives promoting digital infrastructure development and the expansion of broadband connectivity in rural and underserved areas are expected to create lucrative opportunities for market players.

Specialty Cables for Communication are becoming increasingly vital in the telecommunications industry, especially as the demand for more sophisticated and reliable communication networks grows. These cables are designed to meet specific requirements that standard cables may not fulfill, such as enhanced durability, resistance to environmental factors, and the ability to support higher bandwidths. As technology advances, the need for specialty cables that can handle complex data transmission tasks becomes more pronounced. Industries such as aerospace, defense, and industrial automation are particularly reliant on these cables for their unique communication needs. The development and deployment of specialty cables are crucial to ensuring that communication networks can support the ever-growing data traffic and connectivity demands.

Product Type Analysis

The telecommunications cable market is segmented into various product types, including coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and twisted pair cable. Coaxial cables have been a traditional choice for telecommunication networks due to their durability and ability to carry high-frequency electrical signals with minimal interference. They are extensively used in cable television networks, internet connections, and other telecommunication applications. Despite being an older technology, coaxial

Communication between resource users has repeatedly been shown to be of significant importance in environmental management. The proposed causal mechanisms are numerous, ranging from the ability of users to share information to their ability to negotiate solutions to common problems and dilemmas. However, what is less known is under what conditions these potential causal mechanisms are important and if, in cases when different means other than communication were available, whether they would be more effective in accomplishing these objectives. An example of such an alternative could be that instead of (or in addition to) users being reliant on within-group communication to acquire useful information an intermediary - such as a public agency - could provide that for them. Furthermore, the different causal mechanisms making communication beneficial might not be independent, neither in respect to each other, nor in respect to other externally imposed means to facilitate better environmental management, and not in regards to different contextual factors. This study makes use of laboratory experiments in an innovative way to explore these questions and specifically test the relative importance of communication in managing complex social-ecological system characterized by common-pool resource dilemmas, ecological interdependencies, and asymmetric resource access – all characteristics being present simultaneously. We find that when resources users are confronted with such a complex challenge, the ability to communicate significantly increases individual and group performance. What is more surprising is the negative effect on overall outcomes that providing external information has on outcomes, when the users also have the ability to communicate. By analysing the content of the conversations we are able to suggest several possible explanations on how the combination of external information provisioning and user communications act to increase individual cognitive load and drives intra-group competition, leading to a significant reduction of individual and group outcomes.

Behavioural experimental results, per round for the different treatments. All messages are coded (see published paper)