CONTENT :

Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development—a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living.

Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life.

Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life.

Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population.

GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank: Difference in ranking by GNI per capita and by HDI value. A negative value means that the country is better ranked by GNI than by HDI value.

Context

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions. The health dimension is assessed by life expectancy at birth, the education dimension is measured by mean of years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age. The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national income per capita. The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI. The scores for the three HDI dimension indices are then aggregated into a composite index using geometric mean. Refer to Technical notes for more details. The HDI can be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The HDI simplifies and captures only part of what human development entails. It does not reflect on inequalities, poverty, human security, empowerment, etc. The HDRO provides other composite indices as a broader proxy on some of the key issues of human development, inequality, gender disparity, and poverty. A fuller picture of a country's level of human development requires analysis of other indicators and information presented in the HDR statistical annex.

Content

In this Dataset, we have Global, regional, and country/territory-level data on key dimensions of human development with various composite indices. The human development composite indices have been developed to capture broader dimensions of human development, identify groups falling behind in human progress and monitor the distribution of human development. In addition to the HDI, the indices include Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), Gender Development Index (GDI), Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI (PHDI) and Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI).

Dataset Glossary (Alphabetical Order)

• Adolescent Birth Rate - Births per 1000 Women Ages 15 to 19
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita Production in Tonnes
• Coefficient of Human Inequality
• Expected Years of Schooling - Female
• Expected Years of Schooling - Male
• Expected Years of Schooling
• Gender Development Index
• Gender Inequality Index
• Gross National Income Per Capita - Female
• Gross National Income Per Capita - Male
• Gross National Income Per Capita
• HDI Female
• HDI Male
• Human Development Index
• Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index
• Inequality in Education
• Inequality in Income
• Inequality in Life Expectancy
• Labour Force Participation Rate - Female Percentage Ages 15 and Older
• Labour Force Participation Rate - Male Percentage Ages 15 and Older
• Life Expectancy at Birth - Female
• Life Expectancy at Birth - Male
• Life Expectancy at Birth
• Material Footprint per Capita in Tonnes
• Maternal Mortality Ratio - Deaths per 100000 Live Births
• Mean Years of Schooling - Female
• Mean Years of Schooling - Male
• Mean Years of Schooling
• Planetary Pressures Adjusted Human Development Index

Cover Photo by: pch.vector on Freepik

Human Development Index (HDI) components for Morocco and other countries for 2023-2024, including education, income, and life expectancy data.

The dataset contains year- and country-wise historical data on the human development index, gender development index, and multidimensional index of global countries, together with other components such as child mortality, access to drinking water, electricity, and housing, nutrition and sanitation rate, school attendance rate, assets, etc.

Human Development Index (HDI) – Global Dataset (1990–2022) This dataset provides comprehensive data on the Human Development Index (HDI), a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development:

Life Expectancy at Birth – representing health and longevity

Average Education Level – combining mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling The HDI is used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and researchers worldwide to compare levels of development across countries.

source:https://hdr.undp.org/data-center

(1) The Human Development Index (HDI) is compiled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country's comprehensive development in the areas of health, education, and economy according to the UNDP's calculation formula.(2) Explanation: (1) The HDI value ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values being better. (2) Due to our country's non-membership in the United Nations and its special international situation, the index is calculated by our department according to the UNDP formula using our country's data. The calculation of the comprehensive index for each year is mainly based on the data of various indicators adopted by the UNDP. (3) In order to have the same baseline for international comparison, the comprehensive index and rankings are not retroactively adjusted after being published.(3) Notes: (1) The old indicators included life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate, gross enrollment ratio, and average annual income per person calculated by purchasing power parity. (2) The indicators were updated to include life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and nominal gross national income (GNI) calculated by purchasing power parity. Starting in 2011, the GNI per capita was adjusted from nominal value to real value to exclude the impact of price changes. Additionally, the HDI calculation method has changed from arithmetic mean to geometric mean. (3) The calculation method for indicators in the education domain changed from geometric mean to simple average due to retrospective adjustments in the 2014 Human Development Report for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010-2012. Since 2016, the education domain has adopted data compiled by the Ministry of Education according to definitions from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Explore the spatial patterns of the Human Development Index (HDI) to identify regional pat- terns and causal factors in the data. The GeoInquiry activity is available here.Educational standards addressed:APHG: VI:B2 Analyze spatial patterns of social and economic development – GNI per capita. APHG: VI:B1 Explain social and economic measures of development – HDI, Gender Inequali- ty Index (GII), Total Fertility Rate (TRF).APHG: VI:B6 Social and economic measures of development — Changes in fertilityand mortalityThis map is part of a Human Geography GeoInquiry activity. Learn more about GeoInquiries.

The GDI measures gender gaps in human development achievements by accounting for disparities between women and men in three basic dimensions of human development—health, knowledge and living standards using the same component indicators as in the HDI. The GDI is the ratio of the HDIs calculated separately for females and males using the same methodology as in the HDI. It is a direct measure of gender gap showing the female HDI as a percentage of the male HDI.

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fgdi_2020.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fgender-development-index-gdi&tbnid=CRWB4jnF-9JL4M&vet=12ahUKEwiDtIKw2dX3AhV9D7cAHS6EAmMQMygAegUIARDKAQ..i&docid=kXbJ3J1idYexTM&w=1592&h=478&q=Gender%20development%20index&ved=2ahUKEwiDtIKw2dX3AhV9D7cAHS6EAmMQMygAegUIARDKAQ" alt="Gender Development Index Calculation">

Context

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a composite measure designed to assess gender disparities and inequalities in a society by considering factors related to human development. It is an extension of the Human Development Index (HDI) and focuses on three key dimensions: health, education, and income. In the GDI, these dimensions are assessed separately for males and females, allowing for a comparison of gender-based development gaps. Health indicators typically include life expectancy at birth for both genders. Education indicators encompass literacy rates and enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education for both males and females. The income component typically examines income levels and workforce participation for both genders.

Content

This dataset provides comprehensive historical data on gender development indicators at a global level. It includes essential columns such as ISO3 (the ISO3 code for each country/territory), Country (the name of the country or territory), Continent (the continent where the country is located), Hemisphere (the hemisphere in which the country is situated), Human Development Groups, UNDP Developing Regions, HDI Rank (2021) representing the Human Development Index Rank for the year 2021, and Gender Development Index spanning from 1990 to 2021.

Dataset Glossary (Column-wise)

• ISO3 - ISO3 for the Country/Territory
• Country - Name of the Country/Territory
• Continent - Name of the Continent
• Hemisphere - Name of the Hemisphere
• Human Development Groups - Human Development Groups
• UNDP Developing Regions - UNDP Developing Regions
• HDI Rank (2021) - Human Development Index Rank for 2021
• Gender Development Index from 1990 to 2021 - Gender Development Index from 1990 to 2021

Data Dictionary

• UNDP Developing Regions:
  • SSA - Sub-Saharan Africa
  • LAC - Latin America and the Caribbean
  • EAP - East Asia and the Pacific
  • AS - Arab States
  • ECA - Europe and Central Asia
  • SA - South Asia

Structure of the Dataset

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Acknowledgement

This Dataset is created from Human Development Reports. This Dataset falls under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO License. You can check the Terms of Use of this Data. If you want to learn more, visit the Website.

Cover Photo by: Freepik

Thumbnail by: Freepik

This layer is a part of Esri GeoInquiries at http://www.esri.com/geoinquiries The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions. The health dimension is assessed by life expectancy at birth, the education dimension is measured by mean of years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age. The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national income per capita. The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI. The scores for the three HDI dimension indices are then aggregated into a composite index using geometric mean. Refer to Technical notes for more details. [source, 2020]This dataset includes the fields:HDI_Rank_2019HDI_2019Life_expectancy_at_birth_inYearExpected_years_of_schoolingMean_years_of_schooling_2019GNI_per_capita_2019Data sources:UN Development Programhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-rankingHistoric HDI data source:http://hdr.undp.org/en/data#

Th e Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index of outcome indicators in three dimensions: a. A long and healthy life, as reflected in life expectancy at birth. b. The acquisition of education and knowledge, as reflected in the mean years of schooling (adjusted for out of school children) and literacy rate (age 7 years and above). c. Th e standard of living and command over resources, as reflected in the monthly per capita expenditure adjusted for inflation and inequality.

In 2021, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Minnesota had the highest Human Development Index (HDI) score of any other states at ****. Many more states had a score just below this at ****. Mississippi had the lowest HDI score at ****, and the U.S. average was ****.

Context

The Human Development Index is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Content

The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The health dimension is assessed by life expectancy at birth, the education dimension is measured by mean of years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age. The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national income per capita. The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI. The scores for the three HDI dimension indices are then aggregated into a composite index using geometric mean. Refer to Technical notes for more details.

The HDI simplifies and captures only part of what human development entails. It does not reflect on inequalities, poverty, human security, empowerment, etc. The HDRO offers the other composite indices as broader proxy on some of the key issues of human development, inequality, gender disparity and poverty.

A fuller picture of a country's level of human development requires analysis of other indicators and information presented in the statistical annex of the report.

Time series data for the statistic Human development index (HDI) and country Sierra Leone. Indicator Definition:The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices measuring achievements in each dimension. The HDI is the geometric mean of the three dimension indices and embodies imperfect substitutability across all HDI dimensions. It thus addresses one of the most serious criticisms of the linear aggregation formula, which allowed for perfect substitution across dimensions. Some substitutability is inherent in the definition of any index that increases with the values of its components. Data sources: Life expectancy at birth: UNDESA; Mean years of schooling: Barro and Lee; Expected years of schooling: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Gross national income (GNI) per capita: World Bank.The indicator "Human development index (HDI)" stands at 0.348 as of 12/31/2011, the highest value at least since 12/31/1990, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 0.578 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 0.578.The 3 year change in percent is 3.57.The 5 year change in percent is 7.74.The Serie's long term average value is 0.309. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is 12.73 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/2000, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is +42.62%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2011, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is 0.0%.

This dataset provides a country–year panel for OECD countries covering the period 2010–2024. It combines annual data on public, private and total social expenditure as a share of GDP with the World Happiness Index (WHI) and the Human Development Index (HDI).The data are constructed to analyze the relationships between social spending, subjective well-being and human development in OECD countries. The panel structure (one observation per country per year) makes the dataset suitable for descriptive analysis as well as regression-based empirical research.ContentsThe main Excel file contains a single data sheet:Sheet: data_setEach row corresponds to a specific country–year observation for an OECD member state.Variables:Country: Country name (OECD member; e.g., “Australia”, “Türkiye”, “United States”).iso3: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code (e.g., “AUS”, “TUR”, “USA”).year: Calendar year (2010–2024).pub_socexp_gdp: Public social expenditure as a percentage of GDP (%).priv_socexp_gdp: Private (mandatory and voluntary) social expenditure as a percentage of GDP (%).tot_socexp_gdp: Total social expenditure (public + private) as a percentage of GDP (%).WHI: World Happiness Index; average national happiness score on a 0–10 scale based on the Cantril ladder question.HDI: Human Development Index; composite index of three basic dimensions of human development (health, education, and standard of living).income_group: Binary country income group indicator used in the analysis. High‑income OECD countries are coded as 1 (“High”), and all other OECD members (upper‑middle, lower‑middle and low income) are coded as 0 (“NonHigh”). Income groups were constructed using data from the OECD Data Explorer (2024) and the World Bank country income classification for 2024, based on PPP (purchasing power parity) income thresholds.Empty cells indicate that data for the corresponding country–year observation are not available in the original sources or were not included in the analytical sample due to missingness.Data sourcesSocial expenditure (pub_socexp_gdp, priv_socexp_gdp, tot_socexp_gdp)Data are taken from the OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX). SOCX provides reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary private social expenditure at the program level for 38 OECD countries (and some accession countries), with coverage from 1980 and estimates for more recent years.Reference: OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/social-expenditure-database-socx.html.World Happiness Index (WHI)Happiness data are drawn from the World Happiness Report, accessed via HumanProgress.org (World Happiness Report section). The index is based on average national values for answers to the Cantril ladder question, which asks respondents to evaluate their current life on a 0–10 scale, with the worst possible life as 0 and the best possible life as 10.Reference: World Happiness Report; HumanProgress.org, https://humanprogress.org.Human Development Index (HDI)HDI data are drawn from the Human Development Index series compiled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), accessed via HumanProgress.org (Human Development Index section). The HDI measures three basic dimensions of human development: life expectancy at birth; an education component (adult literacy rate and school enrollment); and GDP per capita (purchasing power parity, PPP, in U.S. dollars), combined into a composite index.Reference: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Reports; HumanProgress.org, https://humanprogress.org.Data construction and coverageThe dataset is restricted to OECD member countries and the years 2010–2024.WHI and HDI series are matched to OECD social expenditure data using ISO3 country codes and calendar years.In addition, a binary income group variable (income_group) was created to distinguish high‑income OECD countries from other OECD members, using the World Bank’s 2024 income thresholds (PPP‑based) and country information from the OECD Data Explorer (2024).Some country–year combinations, particularly in later years (e.g., 2022–2024), contain missing values where the original sources do not provide data or only provide partial estimates. These are retained as empty cells.The empirical analyses in the associated study are conducted on subsets of the data restricted to complete cases for the relevant variables.Researchers can use this dataset to replicate the results of the associated study or to conduct additional analyses on the links between social expenditure, happiness and human development within the OECD context.If you use this dataset, please cite both this data file and the original data providers (OECD, World Happiness Report, UNDP, and HumanProgress.org).

BackgroundEducation and health are both constituents of human capital that enable people to earn higher wages and enhance people’s capabilities. Human capabilities may lead to fulfilling lives by enabling people to achieve a valuable combination of human functionings—i.e., what people are able to do or be as a result of their capabilities. A better understanding of how these different human capabilities are produced together could point to opportunities to help jointly reduce the wide disparities in health and education across populations.Methods and findingsWe use nationally and regionally representative individual-level data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 55 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to examine patterns in human capabilities at the national and regional levels, between 2000 and 2017 (N = 1,657,194 children under age 5). We graphically analyze human capabilities, separately for each country, and propose a novel child-based Human Development Index (HDI) based on under-five survival, maternal educational attainment, and measures of a child’s household wealth. We normalize the range of each component using data on the minimum and maximum values across countries (for national comparisons) or first-level administrative units within countries (for subnational comparisons). The scores that can be generated by the child-based HDI range from 0 to 1.We find considerable heterogeneity in child health across countries as well as within countries. At the national level, the child-based HDI ranged from 0.140 in Niger (with mean across first-level administrative units = 0.277 and standard deviation [SD] 0.114) to 0.755 in Albania (with mean across first-level administrative units = 0.603 and SD 0.089). There are improvements over time overall between the 2000s and 2010s, although this is not the case for all countries included in our study. In Cambodia, Malawi, and Nigeria, for instance, under-five survival improved over time at most levels of maternal education and wealth. In contrast, in the Philippines, we found relatively few changes in under-five survival across the development spectrum and over time. In these countries, the persistent location of geographical areas of poor child health across both the development spectrum and time may indicate within-country poverty traps.Limitations of our study include its descriptive nature, lack of information beyond first- and second-level administrative units, and limited generalizability beyond the countries analyzed.ConclusionsThis study maps patterns and trends in human capabilities and is among the first, to our knowledge, to introduce a child-based HDI at the national and subnational level. Areas of chronic deprivation may indicate within-country poverty traps and require alternative policy approaches to improving child health in low-resource settings.

The Human development index (HDI) for European countries in 2023 shows that although all the countries in this statistic have scores which imply high levels of development, Iceland score of ***** was the highest in this year. The HDI is a statistic that combines life-expectancy, education levels and GDP per capita. Countries with scores over ***** are considered to have very high levels of development, compared with countries that score lower.

The aim of the Human Development Report is to stimulate global, regional and national policy-relevant discussions on issues pertinent to human development. Accordingly, the data in the Report require the highest standards of data quality, consistency, international comparability and transparency. The Human Development Report Office (HDRO) fully subscribes to the Principles governing international statistical activities.

The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data shed light on the number of people experiencing poverty at regional, national and subnational levels, and reveal inequalities across countries and among the poor themselves.Jointly developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) at the University of Oxford, the 2019 global MPI offers data for 101 countries, covering 76 percent of the global population. The MPI provides a comprehensive and in-depth picture of global poverty – in all its dimensions – and monitors progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 – to end poverty in all its forms. It also provides policymakers with the data to respond to the call of Target 1.2, which is to ‘reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definition'.

Time series data for the statistic Human development index (HDI) and country Nigeria. Indicator Definition:The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices measuring achievements in each dimension. The HDI is the geometric mean of the three dimension indices and embodies imperfect substitutability across all HDI dimensions. It thus addresses one of the most serious criticisms of the linear aggregation formula, which allowed for perfect substitution across dimensions. Some substitutability is inherent in the definition of any index that increases with the values of its components. Data sources: Life expectancy at birth: UNDESA; Mean years of schooling: Barro and Lee; Expected years of schooling: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Gross national income (GNI) per capita: World Bank.The indicator "Human development index (HDI)" stands at 0.467 as of 12/31/2011, the highest value at least since 12/31/2006, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 1.08 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 1.08.The 3 year change in percent is 3.09.The 5 year change in percent is 5.18.The Serie's long term average value is 0.452. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is 3.29 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/2005, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is +7.60%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2011, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Human development index (HDI) and country Kenya. Indicator Definition:The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices measuring achievements in each dimension. The HDI is the geometric mean of the three dimension indices and embodies imperfect substitutability across all HDI dimensions. It thus addresses one of the most serious criticisms of the linear aggregation formula, which allowed for perfect substitution across dimensions. Some substitutability is inherent in the definition of any index that increases with the values of its components. Data sources: Life expectancy at birth: UNDESA; Mean years of schooling: Barro and Lee; Expected years of schooling: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Gross national income (GNI) per capita: World Bank.The indicator "Human development index (HDI)" stands at 0.515 as of 12/31/2011, the highest value at least since 12/31/1990, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 0.7828 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 0.7828.The 3 year change in percent is 4.04.The 5 year change in percent is 7.29.The Serie's long term average value is 0.48. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is 7.22 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1980, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is +21.46%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2011, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2011, is 0.0%.