Due to the high axial Young's moduli as well as high aspect ratio, it follows those CNTs, irrespective of whether they are multi or single-walled nanotubes exhibit potential, excellent mechanical reinforcing fillers in polymer composites. Shows the stress value around 342 MPa with R2 is equal around 0.9 versus maximum strain value is 0.85 mm.

Abstract A fragmentation model based on global load sharing (GLS) theory is developed to obtain stress-strain curves that describe the mechanical behavior of unidirectional composites. The model is named C N B + τ * because it is based on the Critical Number of Breaks model (CNB) and on the correction of the fiber matrix interfacial strength, τ *. Model allows both obtaining the ultimate tensile strength of CFRP and GFRP composites, and correcting the σ vs ε curve to match its peak point with the predicted strength, which is more accurate than the one obtained by previous GLS-based models. Our model is used to classify the mechanical response of the material according to the energetic contributions of two phenomena up to the failure: intact fibers (IF) and fragmentation (FM). Additionally, the influence of fiber content, V f, on the tensile strength, σ U, failure strain, ε U, and total strain energy, U T, is analyzed by means of novel mechanical-performance maps obtained by the model. The maps show a dissimilar behavior of σ U, ε U and U T with V f between GFRP and CFRP composites. The low influence of V f on the percent energetic contributions of IF and FM zones, as well as the larger energetic contribution of the FM zone, are common conclusions that can be addressed for both kinds of composites.

Raw data regarding stress/strain and conductivity performance. (ZIP)

explaining Stress vs. strain behavior of carbon composite with a nano mat of PAN-derived carbon fiber at the top of assembly.

RTV-2-based nanocomposite filled with different concentrations of SWCNTs. Please review the publication "E-Skin Development and Prototyping via Soft Tooling and Composites with Silicone Rubber and Carbon Nanotubes" on Materials (MDPI) for further details

Raw data of tensile stress-strain curves at 25 ℃ and 170 ℃ of unsized SCF/PEI and CNT-PDA@SCF/PEI composites; Raw data of tensile stress-strain curves at 25 ℃ of PEI with different CTC numbers.; Raw data of tensile stress-strain curves at 25 ℃ of PEI with CTC, TC and CC treatments Raw data of tensile stress-strain curves at 170 ℃ of PEI before and after the CTC treatment.

This data set contains the finite element generated data necessary to validate the generalized stress-strain curves. It supports the paper: Generalized stress-strain curves for IBII tests on isotropic and orthotropic materials F. Pierron, L. Fletcher Journal of the Dynamic Behaviour of Materials, 2019 DOI: 10.1007/s40870-019-00197-9

This is the dataset for the research paper "Learning the Stress-Strain Fields in Digital Composites using Fourier Neural Operator"

Tensile test raw data.Tensile test was done to examine the effect of nanoclay (with different processing: NEC or EC) on the mechanical properties of Nylon 12.The attached data are for Neat Nylon12, 3%NEC+Nylon12, 3�+Nylon12, 5%NEC+Nylon12, and 5�+Nylon12. It includes: (Force, displacement) and (stress-strain) raw data. The conditions for my data are always normal (room temperature).

Stress-strain curves of uniaxial tension test subjected to quasi-static axial loads of RTV-2 material. Please refer to "E-Skin Development and Prototyping via Soft Tooling and Composites with Silicone Rubber and Carbon Nanotubes" on Materials (MDPI) for details.

Thermal data measured by DSC for composites of PLLA and PLLA:PLCL(70:30)-with P45Ca45 and P40Ca50 phosphate glass, before degradation (Fig01). Contains Microsoft Excel file with Tg measurements and experimental details. Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). Representative stress-strain curves (Fig02) from tensile tests of composites in ambient conditions (t0dry) and immersed in 37°C water (t0wet), all before degradation. Contains .txt files with example stress-strain curves, as well as script and data files for generating plots (.txt). Also contains Microsoft Excel file with measured mechanical properties, and key to identifying stress-strain curves (.xlsx). Calculation of mechanical properties of composites in ambient conditions (t0dry) and immersed in 37°C water (t0wet), all before degradation (Fig03). Fig03_modulus.xlsx contains calculation of predicted modulus from Counto model, and analysis of the goodness-of-fit. Voigt-Reuss bounds are also calculated for plotting in Fig 3. Fig03_yieldstrength.xlsx contains calculation of the predicted lower bound yield strength, as well as conversion of glass weight fractions to volume fractions used for plotting. Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). Measurements from long-term degradation tests of composites in 37°C phosphate-buffered saline. Contains Microsoft Excel file (Fig04_data.xlsx) with raw pH, Ca²⁺ electrode potential, and wet mass measurements, along with calculation of Ca²⁺ concentration and wet mass %, along with appropriate averages and standard deviations. Example Ca²⁺ ISE calibration curve is also shown. Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). Measurements of composite sample mass before and after 5, 30, and 120 days degradation in 37°C phosphate-buffered saline. Microsoft Excel file (Fig05_composite_mass.xlsx) with wet mass, dry mass, and ash content measurements, as well as calculations of water, glass, and polymer mass percentages. Fig05_data_export.xlsx contains data from the previous file, rearranged for plotting over time. Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). X-ray diffraction data for polymer crystallisation within composites (Fig06.xlsx). Raw XRD patterns (.uxd) given for examples of samples undergoing no polymer crystallisation, and extensive polymer crystallisation. Polymer crystallinity percentage measured by XRD is also given, normalised to the proportion of polymer present in the composite. Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). DSC data showing enthalpy relaxation (Fig07) occurring during degradation is given in a Microsoft Excel file. Example raw DSC curves before and after degradation are supplied, as well as the change in enthalpy relaxation after 5, 30, and 120 days degradation. Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). Raw SEM images of selected compositions before and after 120 days degradation (Fig08) are given (.tif), along with example XRD pattern showing the inorganic phases present within composite materials after degradation (.uxd). Script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt), as well as illustration file (.svg) and figure (.png). Mechanical properties (modulus, yield strength, elongation at break) measured in 37°C water before and after 5, 30, and 120 days degradation in 37°C phosphate-buffered saline (Fig09). Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) given with data for each timepoint, as well as script and data files for generating plots are also given (.txt). Raw ashing data (Tab01) showing sample masses for as-fabricated composites. Experimental details, measurements (slide mass before and after ashing), and ash calculations given in Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx). Plots are generated using gnuplot (www.gnuplot.info), Note: In raw data, deprecated glass codes are sometimes used. PG7 denotes glass code P45Ca45 (P₂O₅)₄₅(CaO)₄₅(Na₂O)₁₀, and PG11 denotes glass code P40Ca50 (P₂O₅)₄₀(CaO)₅₀(Na₂O)₁₀.

Particle size distribution data measured by dynamic light scattering for coarse glass powder and fine (attritor milled) glass powder (Fig02). Contains Microsoft Excel .xlsx files and .txt files with particle size distributions, as well as script and data files for generating plots (.txt). Raw SEM images (.tif) of coarse and fine glass powder are also included. Results from X-ray micro-computed tomography 3D object analysis (Fig03) are supplied in Microsoft Excel .xlsx files. For composites made using films and precipitate, three volumes of interest (VOIs) are shown in separate .xlsx files. Object analysis results are combined into one .xlsx files for each composite condition to generate an average object size distribution, which is exported to a .txt file. μCT slice images and SEM images of composites fabricated from composite films and precipitate are also included in .png format. Script files for generating figures are also included (.txt). Mechanical testing data from tensile tests of composites fabricated from composite films and precipitate (Fig04). Tests were carried out in 37°C water. Contains .txt files with example stress-strain curves, as well as script and data files for generating plots (.txt). Digital photographs (.png files) of samples before and after tensile failure are also included. Plots are generated using gnuplot (www.gnuplot.info),

Transverse tensile and compressive test and simulation stress-strain results of triaxially braided composite.

In this research, we bridge theory and experiment by developing an integrated framework that couples in situ chemical strain measurements with mechanics modeling to quantify stress and strain energy evolution during ion insertion/extraction.

Abstract For studying the stress-strain state at singular points and their neighborhoods new concept is proposed. A singular point is identified with an elementary volume that has a characteristic size of the real body representative volume. This makes it possible to set and study the restrictions at that point. It is shown that problems with singular points turn out to be ambiguous, their formulation depends on the combination of the material and geometric parameters of the investigated body. Number of constraints in a singular point is redundant compared to the usual point of the boundary (it makes singular point unique, exclusive). This circumstance determines the non-classical problem formulation for bodies containing singular points. The formulation of a non-classical problem is given, the uniqueness of its solution is proved (under the condition of existence), the algorithm of the iterative-analytical decision method is described. Restrictions on the state parameters at the composite wedge vertex, one generatrix of which is in non-friction contact with a rigid surface are studied under temperature and strength loading. The proposed approach allows to identify critical combinations of material and geometric parameters that define the singularity of stress and strain fields close to singular representative volumes. The constraints on load components needed to solution existence are established. An example of a numerical analysis of the state parameters at the wedge vertex and its neighborhood is considered. Solutions built on the basis of a new concept, directly in a singular point, and its small neighborhood differ significantly from the solutions made with asymptotic methods. Beyond a small neighborhood of a singular point the solutions obtained on the basis of different concepts coincide.

Abstract Dynamic compressive tests of 3D braided composites with different braiding angle were carried out in the longitudinal, transverse and thickness directions respectively using the Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The results show that the compressive properties present obvious strain rate strengthening effects in all directions. The 20° and 45° braided composite are most sensitive to strain rates in the longitudinal direction. The composites present the features of brittle failure at high strain rates, especially in the longitudinal direction. The composites with larger braiding angle have weaker mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions but stronger mechanical properties in the through-thickness direction. The braid angle has the greatest impact on the longitudinal mechanical properties. The compressive stress-strain curves in the thickness direction were similar to the hysteresis curve for both the 30° and 45° braided composites. The compressive failure modes vary with the loading directions and strain rate.

This dataset contains raw test data for PA11/30 wt.% GF/3 wt.% BC composite samples, which were used in the study titled "Bio-Derived PA11/Bamboo Charcoal/Glass Fibre Composites for Fused Filament Fabrication, Warpage Control, Strength and Flame Retardancy" (in preparation). The Excel file includes the measured stress–strain values, test parameters, and plotted diagrams for each tested specimen. The data were obtained using standard uniaxial tensile testing procedures at room temperature.

The enclosed file is the supplementary data for the manuscript 'Micromechanical progressive damage analysis of inter- and intra-layer failures in fiber-reinforced composite laminates', which includes the computed and experimental load vs displacement data of the four-point bending problem and the stress vs strain data of the simple tension of laminates with and without an open hole at its centroid. The load vs displacement data are raw data, the stress data are processed from load divided by specimen's section area, while the strain data are processed from displacement divided by specimen's gauge length.

A new method has been developed for creating localised in-plane fibre-waviness in composite coupons and used to create a large batch of specimens. This method could be used by manufacturers to experimentally explore the effect of fibre-waviness on composite structures both directly and indirectly to develop and validate computational models. The specimens were assessed using ultrasound, digital image correlation and a novel inspection technique capable of measuring residual strain fields. To explore how the defect affects the performance of composite structures, the specimens were then loaded to failure. Predictions of remnant strength were made using a simple ultrasound damage metric and a new residual strain-based damage metric. The predictions made using residual strain measurements were found to be substantially more effective at characterising ultimate strength than ultrasound measurements. This suggests that residual strains have a significant effect on the failure of laminates co...

snapshot-tab-pane Carbon Fiber Market Size 2025-2029The carbon fiber market size is valued to increase USD 2.65 billion, at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2024 to 2029. Increasing use of carbon fibers in aerospace and defense sector will drive the carbon fiber market.Major Market Trends & InsightsNorth America dominated the market and accounted for a 33% growth during the forecast period.By End-user - Aerospace and defense segment was valued at USD 3.73 billion in 2023By Raw Material - PAN-based segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023Market Size & ForecastMarket Opportunities: USD 56.81 millionMarket Future Opportunities: USD 2654.80 millionCAGR : 6.5%North America: Largest market in 2023Market SummaryThe market represents a dynamic and continually evolving industry, characterized by advancements in core technologies and applications. With a growing focus on lightweight and strong materials, carbon fibers have gained significant traction, particularly in the aerospace and defense sector, which currently holds over 40% market share. This trend is driven by the increasing demand for fuel efficiency and improved performance in these industries.However, the market faces challenges from substitutes, such as aluminum and titanium. Moreover, the adoption of carbon fiber recycling technologies is gaining momentum, presenting opportunities for market growth. According to recent studies, the carbon fiber recycling market is projected to reach a value of 1.5 billion USD by 2026, reflecting the industry's ongoing evolution.What will be the Size of the Carbon Fiber Market during the forecast period?Get Key Insights on Market Forecast (PDF) Request Free SampleHow is the Carbon Fiber Market Segmented and what are the key trends of market segmentation?The carbon fiber industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in "USD million" for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.End-user Aerospace and defenseSports and leisureWind energyAutomotiveOthersRaw Material PAN-basedPitch-basedRayon-basedType Virgin Fiber (VCF)Recycled Carbon Fiber (RCF)Application Composite MaterialsTextilesMicroelectrodesCatalysisTow Size Small TowLarge TowGeography North America USCanadaEurope FranceGermanyItalyUKMiddle East and Africa EgyptKSAOmanUAEAPAC ChinaIndiaJapanSouth America ArgentinaBrazilRest of World (ROW) By End-user InsightsThe aerospace and defense segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.Carbon fiber's adoption in various industries, particularly in aerospace and defense, continues to expand due to its desirable properties. These include lightweight design principles, superior tensile strength, and exceptional corrosion and fatigue resistance. The high strength-to-weight ratio of carbon fiber makes it a preferred choice over metals like aluminum and titanium alloys. In the aerospace sector, carbon fiber significantly contributes to reducing the overall weight of aircraft, enhancing fuel efficiency and improving overall performance. Moreover, carbon fiber's thermal properties evaluation and fatigue life prediction are crucial for its application in high-performance structures. Reinforcement fiber types, such as carbon and glass, are subjected to rigorous testing, including surface treatment methods, fiber volume fraction, and composite material properties assessment.Epoxy resin systems and microstructure characterization play a vital role in the manufacturing process. The industry anticipates a significant increase in demand for carbon fiber, with an estimated 20% growth in the automotive sector and a 15% surge in the wind energy market. Furthermore, the development of advanced composite structures, such as carbon nanotube composites and graphene-enhanced composites, is expected to revolutionize the market. Manufacturing processes, including the pultrusion process design, lamination process control, and stress-strain relationships analysis, are continually evolving to optimize production efficiency and enhance product quality. Mechanical testing standards, cure cycle optimization, and damage tolerance analysis are crucial in ensuring the durability and reliability of carbon fiber products.Carbon fiber's versatility extends to various applications, from automotive components to sports equipment, and its demand is expected to grow steadily in the coming years. The industry's continuous innovation and evolution reflect the market's dynamic nature, making it an exciting and promising field for businesses and investors alike.Request Free SampleThe Aerospace and defense segment was valued at USD 3.73 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.Request Free SampleRegional