Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

Inflation Rate in Poland decreased to 2.40 percent in November from 2.80 percent in October of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Poland Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in France remained unchanged at 0.90 percent in November. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - France Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the United Kingdom was 4.3 percent in October 2025, down from 4.5 percent in the previous month. From 2021 onwards, prices in the UK rose rapidly, with the RPI inflation rate peaking at 14.2 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell in subsequent months, it wasn't until July 2023 that inflation fell below double digits, and as of late 2024, the RPI rate was still above three percent. The CPI and CPIH While the retail price index is still a popular method of calculating inflation, the consumer price index (CPI) is the current main measurement of inflation in the UK. There is also an additional price index, which includes some extra housing costs, known as the Consumer Price Index including homer occupiers' costs (CPIH) index, which is seen by the UK's Office of National Statistics as the official inflation rate. As of December 2024, the CPI inflation rate stood at 2.5 percent, while the CPIH rate was 3.5 percent. Core inflation down in 2024 Another way of measuring inflation is to strip out the volatility of energy and food prices and look at the underlying core inflation rate. As of December 2024, this was 3.2 percent, slightly higher than the overall CPI rate, but more aligned with the overall figure than it was in 2022 and 2023. When inflation peaked at 11.2 percent in October 2022, for example, core inflation stood at just 6.5 percent. After energy prices in 2023 fell relative to 2022, the overall inflation rate in the UK declined quite rapidly, with core inflation overtaking the overall rate in July 2023. During the most recent period of high inflation, core inflation peaked at 7.1 percent in May 2023, and while taking longer to fall than the overall figure, has generally been declining since then.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins: Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins and Color Concentrates (PCU3259913259910) from Jun 1993 to Sep 2025 about resin, purchase, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

When deciding on how to estimate future prices, due to influences that are likely to affect a product, we should consider two factors: the expected inflation and the real price change. The rate of real price change allows us to plot a trend line based on time series reflecting existing or past market price, that is, on "facts". Usually, many potential users are not going to use sophisticated forecasting techniques to estimate future prices, preferring to rely on simple approximation techniques. If acceptable time price series is available, then the simplest approach is to evidence a trend line over time that can be extended into the future. This can be done with regression analysis. In working with historical data, we could arrive at a medium-term trend estimate, which excludes the effects of inflation. Although the real price of forest products does not usually vary in an exponential way, the normal practice in investment analyses is often simplified by compounding price using a real price change rate. We can get the annual rate of real price change (r) from a linearized model that allows us to keep the statistical robustness of a linear regression model (with statistics, confidence indicators and tests), but applying the compound rate approach used in mathematics of finance. To do that, the well-known basic formula for compounding Pn=P0 (1+r)^n, where: Pn = estimated price in year n P0= price in year 0 r = annual rate of real price change (the real compound rate) n = number of years from year 0

is transformed into that of a straight line by making a change of variables (linearization).

The proposed method is easy to reproduce and seems more orthodox than apply projections made using a simple straight-line model. Even though the straight-line represents an average variation over the years, from a mathematics of finance approach we should discuss price variation in terms of the annual compound rate. In Figure 1, you can see the differences between these approaches. If we have a clear trend in past real prices and the likelihood of a real price variation, we could make future price assumptions. If you agree with this statement and believe that price trend based on historical patterns is a significative information, then you should use r value gotten from the linearized model here proposed to project the price according to the previous compounding equation, where P0 is any real price calculated through the linearized compounding model (Table I). In Catalonia, most of forest products prices have not kept up with inflation and reflect a declining trend. A few others have just barely kept up with inflation. This is means that, despite moderate growth in nominal terms, the real price of almost all Catalan forest products presents a negative trend. For example, Scots pine sawlogs -the most representative harvested species in Catalonia (the 27% of the total volume yearly logged)- have dropped by an average of almost 2% per year since 1980.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Rubber and Plastic Products: Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins and Color Concentrates (WPU07290196) from Dec 1999 to Sep 2025 about resin, rubber, plastics, purchase, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

We used the compound US inflation rate to convert 2011 hunt prices into 2005 US dollars, and compared these prices with actual 2005 hunt prices to determine the real increase or decrease in hunt prices in the period from 2005 to 2011.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing (PCU3256132561) from Dec 2003 to Sep 2025 about cleaning, manufacturing, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.7% over the five years through 2025 to £47.9 billion, including estimated growth of 1.1% in 2025. The industry's revenue prospects are closely linked to economic cycles that influence construction activity in residential, commercial and infrastructure markets, which are crucial for manufacturers' income opportunities. In recent years, cement, lime and plaster manufacturers have faced several economic challenges, including high inflation, supply chain disruptions and aggressive interest rate hikes by central banks across Europe. These factors have substantially affected construction activity, dampening manufacturers' order books. Since COVID-19 hit, inflationary pressures have picked away at cement, lime and plaster manufacturers’ profitability. Rising prices were brought about by surges in demand amid the gradual reopening of the economy, coinciding with disruptions to supply chains. In 2022, inflation worsened, triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine towards the start of the year, which compounded supply chain disruptions. Although proving less volatile than other building materials in 2022, cement prices picked up in 2023 despite falling energy costs, as cement is slower to react to market conditions than other building materials. The inflationary environment also resulted in central banks ramping up interest rates, raising the cost of borrowing and weighing on construction activity. Although inflationary pressures are beginning to ease, the industry still faces economic uncertainty as interest rates remain elevated despite recent reductions. Ongoing supply chain disruptions, exacerbated by US tariffs on trade, are anticipated to raise costs and hinder cement and plaster sales. Cement, lime and plaster manufacturing revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 5.1% over the five years through 2030 to €61.3 billion. Construction activity is set to pick up as inflationary pressures subside, letting central banks lower interest rates, which will boost investor sentiment. Manufacturers will also be able to capitalise on the growing demand for sustainability, allowing them to exploit value-added opportunities. However, the R&D they’ll need to put into green products and processes will dent profitability in the short term, though will drive revenue growth over the long term.

On October 29, 1929, the U.S. experienced the most devastating stock market crash in it's history. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 set in motion the Great Depression, which lasted for twelve years and affected virtually all industrialized countries. In the United States, GDP fell to it's lowest recorded level of just 57 billion U.S dollars in 1933, before rising again shortly before the Second World War. After the war, GDP fluctuated, but it increased gradually until the Great Recession in 2008. Real GDP Real GDP allows us to compare GDP over time, by adjusting all figures for inflation. In this case, all numbers have been adjusted to the value of the US dollar in FY2012. While GDP rose every year between 1946 and 2008, when this is adjusted for inflation it can see that the real GDP dropped at least once in every decade except the 1960s and 2010s. The Great Recession Apart from the Great Depression, and immediately after WWII, there have been two times where both GDP and real GDP dropped together. The first was during the Great Recession, which lasted from December 2007 until June 2009 in the US, although its impact was felt for years after this. After the collapse of the financial sector in the US, the government famously bailed out some of the country's largest banking and lending institutions. Since recovery began in late 2009, US GDP has grown year-on-year, and reached 21.4 trillion dollars in 2019. The coronavirus pandemic and the associated lockdowns then saw GDP fall again, for the first time in a decade. As economic recovery from the pandemic has been compounded by supply chain issues, inflation, and rising global geopolitical instability, it remains to be seen what the future holds for the U.S. economy.