The Decennial Census provides population estimates and demographic information on residents of the United States.

The Census Summary Files contain detailed tables on responses to the decennial census. Data tables in Summary File 1 provide information on population and housing characteristics, including cross-tabulations of age, sex, households, families, relationship to householder, housing units, detailed race and Hispanic or Latino origin groups, and group quarters for the total population. Summary File 2 contains data tables on population and housing characteristics as reported by housing unit.

Researchers at NYU Langone Health can find guidance for the use and analysis of Census Bureau data on the Population Health Data Hub (listed under "Other Resources"), which is accessible only through the intranet portal with a valid Kerberos ID (KID).

Annual Resident Population Estimates by Age Group, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 // Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division // The contents of this file are released on a rolling basis from December through June. // Note: 'In combination' means in combination with one or more other races. The sum of the five race-in-combination groups adds to more than the total population because individuals may report more than one race. Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race. Responses of 'Some Other Race' from the 2010 Census are modified. This results in differences between the population for specific race categories shown for the 2010 Census population in this file versus those in the original 2010 Census data. For more information, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/methodology/modified-race-summary-file-method/mrsf2010.pdf. // The estimates are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions. // For detailed information about the methods used to create the population estimates, see https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/methodology.html. // Each year, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP) utilizes current data on births, deaths, and migration to calculate population change since the most recent decennial census, and produces a time series of estimates of population. The annual time series of estimates begins with the most recent decennial census data and extends to the vintage year. The vintage year (e.g., V2017) refers to the final year of the time series. The reference date for all estimates is July 1, unless otherwise specified. With each new issue of estimates, the Census Bureau revises estimates for years back to the last census. As each vintage of estimates includes all years since the most recent decennial census, the latest vintage of data available supersedes all previously produced estimates for those dates. The Population Estimates Program provides additional information including historical and intercensal estimates, evaluation estimates, demographic analysis, and research papers on its website: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html.

The 2010 Census Production Settings Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Demonstration NoisyMeasurement File (2023-04-03) is an intermediate output of the 2020 Census Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) TopDown Algorithm (TDA) (as described in Abowd, J. et al [2022] https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.529e3cb9 , and implemented in https://github.com/uscensusbureau/DAS_2020_Redistricting_Production_Code). The NMF was produced using the official “production settings,” the final set of algorithmic parameters and privacy-loss budget allocations, that were used to produce the 2020 Census Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File and the 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics File. The NMF consists of the full set of privacy-protected statistical queries (counts of individuals or housing units with particular combinations of characteristics) of confidential 2010 Census data relating to the redistricting data portion of the 2010 Demonstration Data Products Suite – Redistricting and Demographic and Housing Characteristics File – Production Settings (2023-04-03). These statistical queries, called “noisy measurements” were produced under the zero-Concentrated Differential Privacy framework (Bun, M. and Steinke, T [2016] https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.02065; see also Dwork C. and Roth, A. [2014] https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~aaroth/Papers/privacybook.pdf) implemented via the discrete Gaussian mechanism (Cannone C., et al., [2023] https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00010), which added positive or negative integer-valued noise to each of the resulting counts. The noisy measurements are an intermediate stage of the TDA prior to the post-processing the TDA then performs to ensure internal and hierarchical consistency within the resulting tables. The Census Bureau has released these 2010 Census demonstration data to enable data users to evaluate the expected impact of disclosure avoidance variability on 2020 Census data. The 2010 Census Production Settings Redistricting Data (P.L.94-171) Demonstration Noisy Measurement File (2023-04-03) has been cleared for public dissemination by the Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board (CBDRB-FY22-DSEP-004). The data includes zero-Concentrated Differentially Private (zCDP) (Bun, M. and Steinke, T [2016]) noisy measurements, implemented via the discrete Gaussian mechanism. These are estimated counts of individuals and housing units included in the 2010 Census Edited File (CEF), which includes confidential data initially collected in the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. The noisy measurements included in this file were subsequently post-processed by the TopDown Algorithm (TDA) to produce the 2010 Census Production Settings Privacy-Protected Microdata File - Redistricting (P.L. 94-171) and Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (2023-04-03) (https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/data-product- planning/2010-demonstration-data-products/04 Demonstration_Data_Products_Suite/2023-04-03/). As these 2010 Census demonstration data are intended to support study of the design and expected impacts of the 2020 Disclosure Avoidance System, the 2010 CEF records were pre-processed before application of the zCDP framework. This pre-processing converted the 2010 CEF records into the input-file format, response codes, and tabulation categories used for the 2020 Census, which differ in substantive ways from the format, response codes, and tabulation categories originally used for the 2010 Census. The NMF provides estimates of counts of persons in the CEF by various characteristics and combinations of characteristics including their reported race and ethnicity, whether they were of voting age, whether they resided in a housing unit or one of 7 group quarters types, and their census block of residence after the addition of discrete Gaussian noise (with the scale parameter determined by the privacy-loss budget allocation for that particular query under zCDP). Noisy measurements of the counts of occupied and vacant housing units by census block are also included. Lastly, data on constraints—information into which no noise was infused by the Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) and used by the TDA to post-process the noisy measurements into the 2010 Census Production Settings Privacy-Protected Microdata File - Redistricting (P.L. 94-171) and Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (2023-04-03) —are provided.

These data comprise Census records relating to the Alaskan people's population demographics for the State of Alaskan Salmon and People (SASAP) Project. Decennial census data were originally extracted from IPUMS National Historic Geographic Information Systems website: https://data2.nhgis.org/main (Citation: Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 12.0 [Database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. 2017. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V12.0). A number of relevant tables of basic demographics on age and race, household income and poverty levels, and labor force participation were extracted. These particular variables were selected as part of an effort to understand and potentially quantify various dimensions of well-being in Alaskan communities. The file "censusdata_master.csv" is a consolidation of all 21 other data files in the package. For detailed information on how the datasets vary over different years, view the file "readme.docx" available in this data package. The included .Rmd file is a script which combines the 21 files by year into a single file (censusdata_master.csv). It also cleans up place names (including typographical errors) and uses the USGS place names dataset and the SASAP regions dataset to assign latitude and longitude values and region values to each place in the dataset. Note that some places were not assigned a region or location because they do not fit well into the regional framework. Considerable heterogeneity exists between census surveys each year. While we have attempted to combine these datasets in a way that makes sense, there may be some discrepancies or unexpected values. The RMarkdown document SASAPWebsiteGraphicsCensus.Rmd is used to generate a variety of figures using these data, including the additional file Chignik_population.png. An additional set of 25 figures showing regional trends in population and income metrics are also included.

More than 39 million people and 14.2 million households span more than 163,000 square miles of Californian’s urban, suburban and rural communities. California has the fifth largest economy in the world and is the most populous state in the nation, with nation-leading diversity in race, ethnicity, language and socioeconomic conditions. These characteristics make California amazingly unique amongst all 50 states, but also present significant challenges to counting every person and every household, no matter the census year. A complete and accurate count of a state’s population in a decennial census is essential. The results of the 2020 Census will inform decisions about allocating hundreds of billions of dollars in federal funding to communities across the country for hospitals, fire departments, school lunch programs and other critical programs and services. The data collected by the United States Census Bureau (referred hereafter as U.S. Census Bureau) also determines the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and will be used to redraw State Assembly and Senate boundaries. California launched a comprehensive Complete Count Census 2020 Campaign (referred to hereafter as the Campaign) to support an accurate and complete count of Californians in the 2020 Census. Due to the state’s unique diversity and with insights from past censuses, the Campaign placed special emphasis on the hardest-tocount Californians and those least likely to participate in the census. The California Complete Count – Census 2020 Office (referred to hereafter as the Census Office) coordinated the State’s operations to complement work done nationally by the U.S. Census Bureau to reach those households most likely to be missed because of barriers, operational or motivational, preventing people from filling out the census. The Campaign, which began in 2017, included key phases, titled Educate, Motivate and Activate. Each of these phases were designed to make sure all Californians knew about the census, how to respond, their information was safe and their participation would help their communities for the next 10 years.

Supplementary Information 1: Structure of the Analysis Excel sheet. (ZIP 3155 kb)

Abstract

The 2005 Republic of Palau Census of Population and Housing will be used to give a snapshot of Republic of Palau's population and housing at the mid-point of the decade. This Census is also important because it measures the population at the beginning of the implementation of the Compact of Free Association. The information collected in the census is needed to plan for the needs of the population. The government uses the census figures to allocate funds for public services in a wide variety of areas, such as education, housing, and job training. The figures also are used by private businesses, academic institutions, local organizations, and the public in general to understand who we are and what our situation is, in order to prepare better for our future needs.

The fundamental purpose of a census is to provide information on the size, distribution and characteristics of a country's population. The census data are used for policymaking, planning and administration, as well as in management and evaluation of programmes in education, labour force, family planning, housing, health, transportation and rural development. A basic administrative use is in the demarcation of constituencies and allocation of representation to governing bodies. The census is also an invaluable resource for research, providing data for scientific analysis of the composition and distribution of the population and for statistical models to forecast its future growth. The census provides business and industry with the basic data they need to appraise the demand for housing, schools, furnishings, food, clothing, recreational facilities, medical supplies and other goods and services.

Geographic coverage

A hierarchical geographic presentation shows the geographic entities in a superior/subordinate structure in census products. This structure is derived from the legal, administrative, or areal relationships of the entities. The hierarchical structure is depicted in report tables by means of indentation. The following structure is used for the 2005 Census of the Republic of Palau:

Republic of Palau State Hamlet/Village Enumeration District Block

Analysis unit

Individuals Families Households General Population

Universe

The Census covered all the households and respective residents in the entire country.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

Not applicable to a full enumeration census.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2005 Palau Census of Population and Housing comprises three parts: 1. Housing - one form for each household 2. Population - one for for each member of the household 3. People who have left home - one form for each household.

Cleaning operations

Full scale processing and editing activiities comprised eight separate sessions either with or separately but with remote guidance of the U.S. Census Bureau experts to finalize all datasets for publishing stage.

Processing operation was handled with care to produce a set of data that describes the population as clearly and accurately as possible. To meet this objective, questionnaires were reviewed and edited during field data collection operations by crew leaders for consistency, completeness, and acceptability. Questionnaires were also reviewed by census clerks in the census office for omissions, certain inconsistencies, and population coverage. For example, write-in entries such as "Don't know" or "NA" were considered unacceptable in certain quantities and/or in conjunction with other data omissions.

As a result of this review operation, a telephone or personal visit follow-up was made to obtain missing information. Potential coverage errors were included in the follow-up, as well as questionnaires with omissions or inconsistencies beyond the completeness and quality tolerances specified in the review procedures.

Subsequent to field operations, remaining incomplete or inconsistent information on the questionnaires was assigned using imputation procedures during the final automated edit of the collected data. Allocations, or computer assignments of acceptable data in place of unacceptable entries or blanks, were needed most often when an entry for a given item was lacking or when the information reported for a person or housing unit on that item was inconsistent with other information for that same person or housing unit. As in previous censuses, the general procedure for changing unacceptable entries was to assign an entry for a person or housing unit that was consistent with entries for persons or housing units with similar characteristics. The assignment of acceptable data in lace of blanks or unacceptable entries enhanced the usefulness of the data.

Another way to make corrections during the computer editing process is substitution. Substitution is the assignment of a full set of characteristics for a person or housing unit. Because of the detailed field operations, substitution was not needed for the 2005 Census.

Sampling error estimates

Sampling Error is not applicable to full enumeration censuses.

Data appraisal

In any large-scale statistical operation, such as the 2005 Census of the Republic of Palau, human- and machine-related errors were anticipated. These errors are commonly referred to as nonsampling errors. Such errors include not enumerating every household or every person in the population, not obtaining all required information form the respondents, obtaining incorrect or inconsistent information, and recording information incorrectly. In addition, errors can occur during the field review of the enumerators' work, during clerical handling of the census questionnaires, or during the electronic processing of the questionnaires.

To reduce various types of nonsampling errors, a number of techniques were implemented during the planning, data collection, and data processing activities. Quality assurance methods were used throughout the data collection and processing phases of the census to improve the quality of the data.

This data is from an FMCSA Comprehensive Safety Analysis (CSA) monthly data run, which contains the FMCSA registration data of all active Interstate and Intrastate Hazmat Motor Carriers of property and/or passengers. Contains the USDOT Number, company names, addresses, contacts, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail, HazMat flag, passenger carrier flag, number of power units, number of drivers, mileage, mileage year, operation, and classification registration information. File is comma delimited. One carrier per row.

2020 Census data for the city of Boston, Boston neighborhoods, census tracts, block groups, and voting districts. In the 2020 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau divided Boston into 207 census tracts (~4,000 residents) made up of 581 smaller block groups. The Boston Planning and Development Agency uses the 2020 tracts to approximate Boston neighborhoods. The 2020 Census Redistricting data also identify Boston’s voting districts.

For analysis of Boston’s 2020 Census data including graphs and maps by the BPDA Research Division and Office of Digital Cartography and GIS, see 2020 Census Research Publications

For a complete official data dictionary, please go to 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Chapter 6. Data Dictionary. 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File

2020 Census Tracts In Boston

2020 Census Block Groups In Boston

Boston Neighborhood Boundaries Approximated By 2020 Census Tracts

Boston Voting District Boundaries

Census geographic areas are used by the Census Bureau to collect, tabulate, and aggregate decennial census data, and are also used in more frequent demographics reports like the annual American Community Survey (ACS). Three levels of areal geography are available from MassGIS (with layer name in parentheses): Blocks, Block Groups, and TractsSee the datalayer metadata for full details.Map service also available.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. Census tracts are small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county or equivalent entity, and were defined by local participants as part of the 2020 Census Participant Statistical Areas Program. The Census Bureau delineated the census tracts in situations where no local participant existed or where all the potential participants declined to participate. The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of census data and comparison back to previous decennial censuses. Census tracts generally have a population size between 1,200 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000 people. When first delineated, census tracts were designed to be homogeneous with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. The spatial size of census tracts varies widely depending on the density of settlement. Physical changes in street patterns caused by highway construction, new development, and so forth, may require boundary revisions. In addition, census tracts occasionally are split due to population growth, or combined as a result of substantial population decline. Census tract boundaries generally follow visible and identifiable features. They may follow legal boundaries such as minor civil division (MCD) or incorporated place boundaries in some States and situations to allow for census tract-to-governmental unit relationships where the governmental boundaries tend to remain unchanged between censuses. State and county boundaries always are census tract boundaries in the standard census geographic hierarchy. In a few rare instances, a census tract may consist of noncontiguous areas. These noncontiguous areas may occur where the census tracts are coextensive with all or parts of legal entities that are themselves noncontiguous. For the 2010 Census and beyond, the census tract code range of 9400 through 9499 was enforced for census tracts that include a majority American Indian population according to Census 2000 data and/or their area was primarily covered by federally recognized American Indian reservations and/or off-reservation trust lands; the code range 9800 through 9899 was enforced for those census tracts that contained little or no population and represented a relatively large special land use area such as a National Park, military installation, or a business/industrial park; and the code range 9900 through 9998 was enforced for those census tracts that contained only water area, no land area.

Tribal Census Tracts This feature layer, utilizing National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) data from the U.S. Census Bureau (USCB), depicts American Indian tribal census tracts. Per the USCB, “a tribal census tract is a relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a federally recognized American Indian reservation and/or off-reservation trust land, delineated by the American Indian tribal government and/or the Census Bureau for the purpose of presenting demographic data. For federally recognized American Indian Tribes with reservations and/or off-reservation trust lands with a population less than 2,400, a single tribal census tract is defined. Qualifying areas with a population greater than 2,400 could define additional tribal census tracts within their area."Tribal Census Tract T001 Data currency: This cached Esri federal service is checked weekly for updates from its enterprise federal source (Tribal Census Tracts) and will support mapping, analysis, data exports and OGC API – Feature access.NGDAID: 95 (Series Information for Tribal Census Tract National TIGER/Line Shapefiles, Current)OGC API Features Link: (Tribal Census Tracts - OGC Features) copy this link to embed it in OGC Compliant viewersFor more information, please visit: Decoding State-County Census Tracts versus Tribal Census TractsFor feedback please contact: Esri_US_Federal_Data@esri.com NGDA Data Set This data set is part of the NGDA Governmental Units, and Administrative and Statistical Boundaries Theme Community. Per the Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC), this theme is defined as the "boundaries that delineate geographic areas for uses such as governance and the general provision of services (e.g., states, American Indian reservations, counties, cities, towns, etc.), administration and/or for a specific purpose (e.g., congressional districts, school districts, fire districts, Alaska Native Regional Corporations, etc.), and/or provision of statistical data (census tracts, census blocks, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, etc.). Boundaries for these various types of geographic areas are either defined through a documented legal description or through criteria and guidelines. Other boundaries may include international limits, those of federal land ownership, the extent of administrative regions for various federal agencies, as well as the jurisdictional offshore limits of U.S. sovereignty. Boundaries associated solely with natural resources and/or cultural entities are excluded from this theme and are included in the appropriate subject themes." For other NGDA Content: Esri Federal Datasets

This dataset contains model-based census tract estimates. PLACES covers the entire United States—50 states and the District of Columbia—at county, place, census tract, and ZIP Code Tabulation Area levels. It provides information uniformly on this large scale for local areas at four geographic levels. Estimates were provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Population Health, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch. PLACES was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in conjunction with the CDC Foundation. The dataset includes estimates for 40 measures: 12 for health outcomes, 7 for preventive services use, 4 for chronic disease-related health risk behaviors, 7 for disabilities, 3 for health status, and 7 for health-related social needs. These estimates can be used to identify emerging health problems and to help develop and carry out effective, targeted public health prevention activities. Because the small area model cannot detect effects due to local interventions, users are cautioned against using these estimates for program or policy evaluations. Data sources used to generate these model-based estimates are Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2022 or 2021 data, Census Bureau 2020 population data, and American Community Survey 2018–2022 estimates. The 2024 release uses 2022 BRFSS data for 36 measures and 2021 BRFSS data for 4 measures (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cholesterol screening, and taking medicine for high blood pressure control among those with high blood pressure) that the survey collects data on every other year. More information about the methodology can be found at www.cdc.gov/places.

This data collection is a component of Summary Tape File 3, which consists of four sets of data containing detailed tabulations of the nation's population and housing characteristics produced from the 1980 Census. The STF 3 files contain sample data inflated to represent the total United States population. The files also contain 100-percent counts and unweighted sample counts of persons and housing units. All files in the STF 3 series are identical, containing 321 substantive data variables organized in the form of 150 "tables," as well as standard geographic identification variables. Population items tabulated for each person include demographic data and information on schooling, ethnicity, labor force status, and children, as well as details on occupation and income. Housing items include size and condition of the housing unit as well as information on value, age, water, sewage and heating, vehicles, and monthly owner costs. Each dataset provides different geographic coverage. STF 3A provides summaries for the states or state equivalents, counties or county equivalents, minor civil divisions (MCDs) or census county divisions (CCDs), places or place segments within MCD/CCDs and remainders of MCD/CCDs, census tracts or block numbering areas and block groups or, for areas that are not block numbered, enumeration districts, places, and congressional districts. There are 52 files, one for each state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The information in the file for Puerto Rico is similar to but not identical to the data for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Thus, this file is documented in a separate codebook. The Census Bureau's machine-readable data dictionary for STF 3 is also available through CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 [UNITED STATES]: CENSUS SOFTWARE PACKAGE (CENSPAC) VERSION 3.2 WITH STF4 DATA DICTIONARIES (ICPSR 7789), the software package designed specifically by the Census Bureau for use with the 1980 Census data files. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR -- https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08071.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they made this dataset available in multiple data formats.

UNI-CEN Standardized Census Data Tables contain Census data that have been reformatted into a common table format with standardized variable names and codes. The data are provided in two tabular formats for different use cases. "Long" tables are suitable for use in statistical environments, while "wide" tables are commonly used in GIS environments. The long tables are provided in Stata Binary (dta) format, which is readable by all statistics software. The wide tables are provided in comma-separated values (csv) and dBase 3 (dbf) formats with codebooks. The wide tables are easily joined to the UNI-CEN Digital Boundary Files. For the csv files, a .csvt file is provided to ensure that column data formats are correctly formatted when importing into QGIS. A schema.ini file does the same when importing into ArcGIS environments. As the DBF file format supports a maximum of 250 columns, tables with a larger number of variables are divided into multiple DBF files. For more information about file sources, the methods used to create them, and how to use them, consult the documentation at https://borealisdata.ca/dataverse/unicen_docs. For more information about the project, visit https://observatory.uwo.ca/unicen.

The American Community Survey (ACS) is an ongoing survey that provides vital information on a yearly basis about our nation and its people by contacting over 3.5 million households across the country. The resulting data provides incredibly detailed demographic information across the US aggregated at various geographic levels which helps determine how more than $675 billion in federal and state funding are distributed each year. Businesses use ACS data to inform strategic decision-making. ACS data can be used as a component of market research, provide information about concentrations of potential employees with a specific education or occupation, and which communities could be good places to build offices or facilities. For example, someone scouting a new location for an assisted-living center might look for an area with a large proportion of seniors and a large proportion of people employed in nursing occupations. Through the ACS, we know more about jobs and occupations, educational attainment, veterans, whether people own or rent their homes, and other topics. Public officials, planners, and entrepreneurs use this information to assess the past and plan the future. For more information, see the Census Bureau's ACS Information Guide . This public dataset is hosted in Google BigQuery as part of the Google Cloud Public Datasets Program , with Carto providing cleaning and onboarding support. It is included in BigQuery's 1TB/mo of free tier processing. This means that each user receives 1TB of free BigQuery processing every month, which can be used to run queries on this public dataset. Watch this short video to learn how to get started quickly using BigQuery to access public datasets. What is BigQuery .

This resource is a member of a series. The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) System (MTS). The MTS represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) are decennial census areas that permit the tabulation and dissemination of Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data, American Community Survey (ACS) data, and data from other censuses and surveys. For the 2020 Census, the State Data Centers (SDCs) in each state, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico had the opportunity to delineate PUMAS within their state or statistically equivalent entity. All PUMAs must nest within states and have a minimum population threshold of 100,000 persons. 2020 PUMAs consist of census tracts and cover the entirety of the United States, Puerto Rico and Guam. American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands do not contain any 2020 PUMAs because the population is less than the minimum population requirement. Each PUMA is identified by a five-character numeric census code that may contain leading zeros and a descriptive name.

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Census Year 1960 Census Tracts. The dataset contains polygons representing CY 1960 census tracts, created as part of the D.C. Geographic Information System (DC GIS) for the D.C. Office of the Chief Technology Officer (OCTO) and participating D.C. government agencies. Census tracts were identified from maps provided by the U.S. Census Bureau and the D.C. Office of Planning. The tract polygons were created by selecting street arcs from the WGIS planimetric street centerlines. Where necessary, polygons were also heads-up digitized from 1995/1999 orthophotographs.

The Census Tree is the largest-ever database of record links among the historical U.S. censuses, with over 700 million links for people living in the United States between 1850 and 1940. These links allow researchers to construct a longitudinal dataset that is highly representative of the population, and that includes women, Black Americans, and other under-represented populations at unprecedented rates. Each .csv file consists of a crosswalk between the two years indicated in the filename, using the IPUMS histids. For more information, consult the included Read Me file, and visit https://censustree.org.