Consumer Price Index CPI in the United States increased to 321.47 points in May from 320.80 points in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation rates experienced by different groups of consumers within a country vary. This is because the prices of goods and services and the expenditure patterns of consumers differ. The published inflation rate is used for important decisions regarding the preservation of consumer purchasing power. These include the adjustment of social grants and minimum wages by government and the benchmarking of returns by investors when making investment decisions. It is thus vital that inflation is measured accurately to ensure the purchasing power of consumers is preserved. Current measures of inflation published by Stats SA are applicable to typical consumers and are not relevant to each individual. This resource supplements a study that seeks to provide a publicly available model that can be used by consumers to calculate their personal rate of inflation.

Consumer Price Index CPI in India increased to 194.20 points in June from 193 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - India Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Pakistan increased to 264.22 points in June from 263.60 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Pakistan Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The real effective exchange rate (REER) – 42 trading partners – aims at assessing a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs, reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). A positive value means real appreciation. The data are presented as 3-year % change, and 1-year % change. The MIP scoreboard indicator is the percentage change over three years of REER based on consumer price index deflators relative to 42 trading partners. The formula is: [[(REER_HICP_42)t - (REER_HICP_42)t-3] / (REER_HICP_42)t-3]*100 The indicative thresholds are +/-5% for euro area and +/-11% for non-euro area countries. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

The real effective exchange rate (REER) – 42 trading partners – aims at assessing a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs, reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). A positive value means real appreciation. The data are presented as 3-year % change, and 1-year % change. The MIP scoreboard indicator is the percentage change over three years of REER based on consumer price index deflators relative to 42 trading partners. The formula is: [[(REER_HICP_42)t - (REER_HICP_42)t-3] / (REER_HICP_42)t-3]*100 The indicative thresholds are +/-5% for euro area and +/-11% for non-euro area countries. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

Abstract

Moldova Household Budget Survey provides detailed information on social and economic aspects of the welfare of the population and households. The information contained in the sections of the survey allows for in-depth analysis of socio-economic status of households and individual members at the moment or over time. Thus, the survey reveals poor households and individuals, or those households that were unprotected by social policies. The results of household surveys are also used in analyzing the impact of various economic effects of the transition period, the socio-economic status of the population.

Information obtained from the Household Budget Survey is used in the calculation of some macroeconomic indicators: final consumption of households, the Consumer Price Index, the informal trade, etc. Each year, the main indicators of income and expenditure and living conditions are presented to various international organizations: International Labor Organization, World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, etc.

Data is collected through face-to-face interviews and the households' income and expenditure diary.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households,
• Individuals.

Universe

The HBS covers all households/individuals - citizens of the Republic of Moldova who have their permanent residence in the selected survey centers.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling methodology for Moldova HBS was re-designed in 2006.

The updated HBS sample was selected using information from the Population Census 2004 and a joint database of electricity consumers in the whole country. 129 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) are now covered by HBS (before 2006, 45 PSUs were surveyed).

A larger number of PSUs improves regional estimates and ensures a representative sample not only for cities, towns and rural areas as did the previous survey, but also at the level of four statistical zones (North, Centre, South, and Chisinau). Moreover, both Chisinau and Balti municipialities are treated as a large primary sampling unit, from where households are selected, whereas before only some districts were included in the sample.

Two-stage probability sample is used to select households:

1) Sampling procedure: 1st stage - sampling with probabilities proportional to size (PPS) in each strata; 2nd stage - simple random sample (SRS) of households in each PSU.

2) Rotation scheme: 1st stage - about 20% of PSUs will be annually replaced; 2nd stage - one half of households will participate in the survey during five consecutive years and the rest of households will be replaced with the new ones.

Updated HBS sampling design does not use substitution in case of non-response.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Main Household Questionnaire and the Household Diary are used to collect information within the HBS.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Jamaica increased to 141.90 points in May from 141.30 points in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Jamaica Consumer Price Index Cpi- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Consumer Price Index CPI in South Africa increased to 102.10 points in May from 101.90 points in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.