ABSTRACT A lot of consumer satisfaction barometers have been proposed by the literature. However, a dilemma is that the validity, the reliability, and the methods used to assess customer satisfaction and related constructs continue to learn, to adapt, and to improve over time. Thus, this paper tries to understand the modifications and improvements proposed by the new NCSB in Brazil. New NCSB is considers one of the last satisfaction barometers projected by the literature. The results showed support to seven from twelve hypotheses proposed by the model. Conclusions and general comments end the paper.

This dataset contains data collected during a study "Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries" conducted by Martin Lnenicka (University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic), Anastasija Nikiforova (University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia), Mariusz Luterek (University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland), Petar Milic (University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia), Daniel Rudmark (University of Gothenburg and RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden), Sebastian Neumaier (St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Austria), Caterina Santoro (KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium), Cesar Casiano Flores (University of Twente, Twente, the Netherlands), Marijn Janssen (Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands), Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar (University of Granada, Granada, Spain).

It is being made public both to act as supplementary data for "Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries", Government Information Quarterly*, and in order for other researchers to use these data in their own work.

***Methodology***

The paper focuses on benchmarking of open data initiatives over the years and attempts to identify patterns observed among European countries that could lead to disparities in the development, growth, and sustainability of open data ecosystems.

This study examines existing benchmarks, indices, and rankings of open (government) data initiatives to find the contexts by which these initiatives are shaped, both of which then outline a protocol to determine the patterns. The composite benchmarks-driven analytical protocol is used as an instrument to examine the understanding, effects, and expert opinions concerning the development patterns and current state of open data ecosystems implemented in eight European countries - Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Serbia, Sweden. 3-round Delphi method is applied to identify, reach a consensus, and validate the observed development patterns and their effects that could lead to disparities and divides. Specifically, this study conducts a comparative analysis of different patterns of open (government) data initiatives and their effects in the eight selected countries using six open data benchmarks, two e-government reports (57 editions in total), and other relevant resources, covering the period of 2013–2022.

***Description of the data in this data set***

The file "OpenDataIndex_2013_2022" collects an overview of 27 editions of 6 open data indices - for all countries they cover, providing respective ranks and values for these countries. These indices are:

1) Global Open Data Index (GODI) (4 editions)

2) Open Data Maturity Report (ODMR) (8 editions)

3) Open Data Inventory (ODIN) (6 editions)

4) Open Data Barometer (ODB) (5 editions)

5) Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index (3 editions)

6) Open Government Development Index (OGDI) (2 editions)

These data shapes the third context - open data indices and rankings. The second sheet of this file covers countries covered by this study, namely, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Serbia, Sweden. It serves the basis for Section 4.2 of the paper.

Based on the analysis of selected countries, incl. the analysis of their specifics and performance over the years in the indices and benchmarks, covering 57 editions of OGD-oriented reports and indices and e-government-related reports (2013-2022) that shaped a protocol (see paper, Annex 1), 102 patterns that may lead to disparities and divides in the development and benchmarking of ODEs were identified, which after the assessment by expert panel were reduced to a final number of 94 patterns representing four contexts, from which the recommendations defined in the paper were obtained. These patterns are available in the file "OGDdevelopmentPatterns". The first sheet contains the list of patterns, while the second sheet - the list of patterns and their effect as assessed by expert panel.

***Format of the file***
.xls, .csv (for the first spreadsheet only)

***Licenses or restrictions***
CC-BY

For more info, see README.txt

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Sudan who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Sudan - Sample size: 1,800 - Sampling Frame: 2008 National Population and Housing Census, produced by the Sudan National Bureau of Statistics, updated in 2020 - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and rural-urban location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 90% - Response rate: 88%

Sampling error estimates

The sample size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-2.3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

The New Europe Barometer (NEB) series, originally known as the New Democracies Barometer (NDB), has been conducted annually across Central and Eastern Europe since autumn 1991. The same questions are asked in each country and repeated from year to year, so trends can be analysed across a wide variety of post-Communist societies. Approximately 1,000 respondents in each country are interviewed face-to-face each year about their economic, political and social attitudes and behaviour. Data are available for separate years and also as a trend dataset (SN 5241). Further information on the NEB is available on the CSPP Barometer Surveys web site, along with details of other survey series.
Since the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989, post-communist regimes have followed radically different paths: ten are now new member states of the European Union, while others remain partners in the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States. This project draws on a unique database of more than 100 New Europe Barometer (NEB) surveys undertaken in post-communist countries since 1991. Funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) supported a fresh multinational survey in autumn/winter 2004-5 in Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine.

The seventh NEB survey (2004-2005) focuses on topics such as whether respondents evaluate their new regime and compare it to the past, and how committed are they to the rejection of undemocratic alternatives; what accounts for differences in evaluations of post-communist regimes; and how important the costs of economic transformation and/or the opportunities of movement to the market have been.

The NEB surveys are comparative; the same questions are asked in all countries covered. For 2004, the results were merged into a single multinational data file, with each country's responses weighted equally at 1,000. The multinational data file encourages research that considers the extent to which causes of division within society, for example education, age or economic status, operate transnationally. It is possible to assess to what extent and under what circumstances national context is an important influence on behaviour and attitudes (net of individual attributes), and to test the importance of absolute standards of living, which are measured cross-nationally by a household's material possessions, as against relative income advantage or disadvantage.

In addition to this, separate data files for all 13 countries are included in the dataset. The majority of questions asked in the 2004-2005 survey had been asked in previous surveys.

The responses from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are comparable with the New Baltic Barometer survey series (available from the UK Data Archive under GN 33416).

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Ethiopia - Sample size: 1,200 - Sampling Frame: Pre-census frame 2017 and projected adult population 2017, CSA - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and urban-rural location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 97.4% - Cooperation rate: 96.1% - Refusal rate: 0.8% - Response rate: 99.2%

Sampling error estimates

+/-2 percentage points at 95% confidence level

Every year since 2014, Wissenschaft im Dialog has been using the Science Barometer to collect representative data on the attitudes of German citizens towards science and research. The aim is to contribute to a fact-based discourse on the relationship between science and the public and to targeted science communication by collecting, processing the data and communicating the results. Against the background of scientific policy advice and publicly communicating researchers in the context of the corona pandemic (COVID-19), two surveys were conducted in spring 2020 in addition to the annual surveys. The questionnaire of these special corona surveys contained questions on cognitive attitudes such as informedness and the information behaviour of the respondents on corona-related topics from science and research. In addition, evaluative attitudes were collected on issues such as trust, assessment of the benefits of science in combating the corona pandemic and the political role of research in this respect. The science barometer Corona Special is a project of Wissenschaft im Dialog. It is sponsored and supported by the Robert Bosch Stiftung and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.

Topics: Trust in science and research; opinion on corona (being informed about corona, dealing with what is happening around corona, current measures on corona are appropriate); trust in statements of different actors on corona (scientists, doctors and medical staff, politicians, representatives of authorities and offices, journalists, relatives, acquaintances and friends); information behaviour on the topic of new developments on corona from science and research (on television including media library, on radio including audio library, in newspapers and magazines including online editions, on official websites of authorities, offices and research institutions on the Internet, online in social networks); perceived scientific disciplines or research areas as sources of information for Corona (open); agreement on statements about science and research in the context of corona (political decisions in dealing with corona should be based on scientific knowledge, it is not the task of scientists to interfere in politics, we should rely more on common sense in dealing with corona and for this we do not need scientific studies, science and research on corona too complicated, difficult to judge which information is the right one in case of contradictory statements of scientists on corona, controversies between scientists on corona are helpful as a contribution to ensure that the right research results are obtained, the knowledge of scientists is important to slow down the spread of corona in Germany, science and research do not yet understand the corona virus properly, most scientists make a clear distinction between confirmed findings and still open questions on corona, development of an effective vaccine or drug against corona in the foreseeable future).

Demography: sex; age; education; occupation; household size; children under 14 in the household; net household income; party preference.

Additionally coded: Interview no.; interview duration (in seconds); weight; city size (BIK); federal state; region.

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Lesotho who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Lesotho - Sample size: 1,200 - Sampling Frame: 2020 population projections based on the 2016 Bureau of Statistics Population Census - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: District and urban/peri-urban/rural location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 86% - Cooperation rate: 78% - Refusal rate: 4% - Response rate: 67%

Sampling error estimates

+/- 3% at 95% confidence level

The CFISP barometer is developed to provide a systematic way of analyzing, understanding, and documenting the implementation of the CFISPs at the household level, as well as in the wider context of the river basin where is it located. The developed framework aims to provide an evaluation of the quality of the CFISPs to guide ICRAF to develop the necessary interventions as specified in its technical assistance contract.

Since 2014, Wissenschaft im Dialog has been using the science barometer to collect population-representative data on the attitudes of German citizens towards science and research on an annual basis. The aim is to contribute to a fact-based discourse on the relationship between science and the public and targeted science communication by collecting, processing and communicating the results. The questionnaire of the science barometer contains corresponding questions on cognitive attitudes such as interest and information and the respondents´ information behaviour on topics from science and research. In addition, evaluative attitudes will be collected on issues such as trust, the assessment of the benefits and risks of science and the social role of research. The questions are aimed at general attitudes towards science and research. In individual cases, questions are also devoted to specific research areas or technologies or, alternately, to current developments in science and the public. The science barometers 2014 to 2016 were sponsored by the Philip Morris Foundation, the science barometers 2017 to 2019 by the Robert Bosch Foundation.

Topics: 1. Interest in and awareness of science and research: awareness of selected news topics (sports, politics, new discoveries in science and research and in medicine); area with the greatest need for improvement in the city or community; interest in scientific topics.

1. Information behaviour on science and research: frequency of dealing with the subject of science in selected contexts (reading articles on scientific topics, discussions with friends and family on the subject of science and research and attending events on these topics); visiting institutions related to science in the last twelve months (e.g. science museum, zoo or aquarium).

2. Participation and involvement of citizens in science and research: involvement in decisions on science and research personally important; sufficient involvement of the public in science and research; insufficient efforts by scientists to inform the public about their work; preferred topic for discussion with a scientist (open).

3. Evaluation of the benefits and risks of science for society: attitude towards science (people trust science too much instead of feelings and beliefs, science harms more than it benefits, scientists know best what is good for society).

4. Trust in science and scientists on selected topics (climate change, creation of the universe, renewable energies and green genetic engineering).

5. Relationship between science and politics: to what extent does science influence politics.

6. Public funding of science and research: preference for decisions on research funding (political, economic, scientific or citizen); investment in basic research to create jobs; opinion on how to manage research spending in the context of reduced government spending.

7. Science and research in the future: most important research area for the future; influence of science on the lives of future generations (improvements for life, both improvements and problems, more problems).

8. Current topic: attitude towards scientific research on fracking; interest in citizen science projects.

Demography: sex; age; education; occupation; household size; net household income.

Additionally coded was: interview ID; weight; city size (BIK); federal state; region.

HomeAbout us Our teamEWMI- ODI and the open movementTechnical and academic partnersDonors and fundingJobs and volunteering Call for national researchersCall for Applicants: Senior Research Manager – EWMI User testing survey DataHub Search DataHubOrganisationMapsProfiles Chinese financial aid projectsDevelopment projects - Early Warning System Contribute data COVID-19 Essential information on COVID-19Map: COVID-19 in Context9 Tips to Stay Safe Online in the Age of COVID-19Filling Data Gaps to Support Access to Civil RightsEducation and COVID-19 in the Mekong Region Section 1: COVID-19 – Actions in the Mekong RegionSection 2: The impact of school closures in the regionSection 3: Recommendations Topics Disasters and emergency response Disasters Pandemics Environment and land Agriculture and fishingEnvironment and natural resources Water Resources Extractive industriesLand Special Economic Zones in Context Economy and industry Economy and commerceEnergy Hydropower dams Hydropower and foreign investment IndustriesInfrastructureLaborScience and technology People and government Aid and developmentGovernmentLaw and judiciaryPopulation and censusesSocial developmentUrban administration and development Stories Drivers of Foreign Investment in Cambodia Drivers of Foreign Investment in Cambodia (Khmer version) REDD+FLEGTInfrastructure Development in the Mekong Infrastructure FinanciersInfrastructure Financing Mechanisms - Public Private PartnershipsImpacts of Infrastructure DevelopmentGender and infrastructure development Special Economic Zones in Context SEZs, Infrastructure Development, and Official Development AidRegional Human Rights Mechanisms and Special Economic ZonesCase Study: Chiang Khong Special Economic Zone Climate change and health Water-borne diseases, Dengue Fever, and undernutrition SDG SDG 1 No PovertySDG 2 Zero HungerSDG 3 Good health and well-beingSDG 4 Quality educationSDG 5 Gender equalitySDG 6 Clean water and sanitationSDG 7 Affordable and clean energySDG 8 Decent work and economic growthSDG 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructureSDG 10 Reduce inequalitySDG 11 Sustainable cities and communitiesSDG 12 Responsible consumption and productionSDG 13 Climate actionSDG 14 Life below waterSDG 15 Life on landSDG 16 Peace, justice and strong institutionsSDG 17 Partnerships for the goals Programmes Women in Water Governance Platform Linking technology experts with women environmental defenders to co-create safe spacesWorkshop Summary Women in Open DataIndigenous data sovereigntyData Literacy If data were an open forest – would anyone use it? Global Data Barometer Call for National Researchers Open Data for Development – Asia Hub NewsBlog

HomeAbout us Our teamEWMI- ODI and the open movementTechnical and academic partnersDonors and fundingJobs and volunteering Call for national researchersCall for Applicants: Senior Research Manager – EWMI User testing survey DataHub Search DataHubOrganisationMapsProfiles Chinese financial aid projectsDevelopment projects - Early Warning System Contribute data COVID-19 Essential information on COVID-19Map: COVID-19 in Context9 Tips to Stay Safe Online in the Age of COVID-19Filling Data Gaps to Support Access to Civil RightsEducation and COVID-19 in the Mekong Region Section 1: COVID-19 – Actions in the Mekong RegionSection 2: The impact of school closures in the regionSection 3: Recommendations Topics Disasters and emergency response Disasters Pandemics Environment and land Agriculture and fishingEnvironment and natural resources Water Resources Extractive industriesLand Special Economic Zones in Context Economy and industry Economy and commerceEnergy Hydropower dams Hydropower and foreign investment IndustriesInfrastructureLaborScience and technology People and government Aid and developmentGovernmentLaw and judiciaryPopulation and censusesSocial developmentUrban administration and development Stories Drivers of Foreign Investment in Cambodia Drivers of Foreign Investment in Cambodia (Khmer version) REDD+FLEGTInfrastructure Development in the Mekong Infrastructure FinanciersInfrastructure Financing Mechanisms - Public Private PartnershipsImpacts of Infrastructure DevelopmentGender and infrastructure development Special Economic Zones in Context SEZs, Infrastructure Development, and Official Development AidRegional Human Rights Mechanisms and Special Economic ZonesCase Study: Chiang Khong Special Economic Zone Climate change and health Water-borne diseases, Dengue Fever, and undernutrition SDG SDG 1 No PovertySDG 2 Zero HungerSDG 3 Good health and well-beingSDG 4 Quality educationSDG 5 Gender equalitySDG 6 Clean water and sanitationSDG 7 Affordable and clean energySDG 8 Decent work and economic growthSDG 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructureSDG 10 Reduce inequalitySDG 11 Sustainable cities and communitiesSDG 12 Responsible consumption and productionSDG 13 Climate actionSDG 14 Life below waterSDG 15 Life on landSDG 16 Peace, justice and strong institutionsSDG 17 Partnerships for the goals Programmes Women in Water Governance Platform Linking technology experts with women environmental defenders to co-create safe spacesWorkshop Summary Women in Open DataIndigenous data sovereigntyData Literacy If data were an open forest – would anyone use it? Global Data Barometer Call for National Researchers Open Data for Development – Asia Hub NewsBlog

The survey charted the consumption of news and media and the trust in different media by Swedish-speaking Finns. Views on corruption were also examined. The data was collected as part of the Citizen Panel of Swedish-speaking Finns (Barometern), which is part of The Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO). Respondents were first asked about the amount of media they use, followed by more detailed questions about their use of news media and social media. Next, respondents were asked to rate their level of trust in the different news media. In this context, they were also asked about their perception of the objectivity of journalists. Respondents were also asked about their willingness to pay for Swedish-speaking Finns online news. They were asked about the reasons why they would pay for online news and how much they would be prepared to pay for it. Similarly, they were asked about the reasons for not being willing to pay for online news and the reasons for cancelling a subscription. Next, respondents were asked about their use of other digital services and changes in their use since the Covid19 pandemic. Finally, respondents were asked about their views on the occurrence of corruption and their trust in different institutions. Background variables included the respondent's NUTS3 region of residence, age, gender, mother tongue, level of education, occupational status and political party choice.

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Morocco who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Morocco - Sample size: 1,200 - Sampling Frame: Allocation using the census 2004 adult population and the population projections in 2020 established by the High Commission of Plan (HCP). This projection was used because no census has been conducted since 2004 - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and urban-rural location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual to be interviewed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 98.5% - Cooperation rate: 97% - Refusal rate: 1.5% - Response rate: 95%

Sampling error estimates

+/- 3% at 95% confidence level

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries, and Round 8 (2019-2021). The survey covered 39 countries in Round 9 (2021-2023).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Sierra Leone who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

Sierra Leone - Sample size: 1,200 - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and urban-rural location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual - Weighting: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 9 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Response rate was 97.64%.

Sampling error estimates

The sample size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

Early instrumental observations are an important tool to understand multidecadal climate variability or put in context specific extreme phenomena. This paper provides early instrumental data recovered in Latin-America and the Caribbean. Data have been retrieved from 20 countries (Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, British Guiana, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, France (Martinique and Guadalupe), Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, El Salvador and Suriname) and they cover the 18th and 19th centuries. The main meteorological variables retrieved are air temperature, atmospheric pressure and precipitation but other variables, such as humidity, wind direction, or state of the sky have been retrieved when possible. In total, more than 300 000 early instrumental observations have been rescued (96% with daily resolution). Special effort has been done to document all the available metadata (instruments, observers, methodology of observation...) in order to allow further post processing. The compilation is far from being exhaustive but the data set will contribute to a better understanding of the climate variability in the region and to enlarge the overlapping period between instrumental data and natural and documentary proxies.

A curated list of food prices in South Africa, reported monthly on http://www.pacsa.org.za "What is the PACSA Food Basket? The PACSA Food Basket is an index for food price inflation. It provides insight into the affordability of food and other essential household requirements for working class households in a context of low wages, social grants and high levels of unemployment. The PACSA Food Basket tracks the prices of a basket of 36 basic foods which working class poor households, with 7 members, said they buy every month (based on conversations with women). The food basket is not nutritionally complete; it is a reflection of reality - what people are buying. Data is collected on the same day between the 21st and 24th of each month from six different retail stores which service the lower-income market in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. Women have told us that they base their purchasing decisions on price and whether the quality of the food is not too poor. Women are savy shoppers and so foods and their prices in each store are selected on this basis. The PACSA Food Basket tracks the foods working class households buy, in the quantities they buy them in and from the supermarkets they buy them from. PACSA has been tracking the price of the basket since 2006. We release our Food Price Barometer monthly and consolidate the data for an annual report to coincide with World Food Day annually on the 16th October." - PACSA website

Mit dem Wissenschaftsbarometer erhebt Wissenschaft im Dialog seit 2014 jährlich bevölkerungsrepräsentative Daten zu Einstellungen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Deutschland gegenüber Wissenschaft und Forschung. Ziel ist es, durch die Erhebung, Aufbereitung der Daten und Kommunikation der Ergebnisse zu einem faktenbasierten Diskurs über das Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit und eine zielgerichtete Wissenschaftskommunikation beizutragen. Vor dem Hintergrund wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung und öffentlich kommunizierender Forschenden im Kontext der Corona-Pandemie (COVID-19) wurden im Frühjahr 2020 zusätzlich zu den jährlichen Erhebungen zwei Erhebungen durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen dieser Corona Spezial-Erhebungen beinhaltete entsprechend Fragestellungen zu kognitiven Einstellungen wie Informiertheit und dem Informationsverhalten der Befragten zu coronabezogenen Themen aus Wissenschaft und Forschung. Außerdem wurden evaluative Einstellungen u. a. zum Vertrauen, zur Beurteilung des Nutzens von Wissenschaft bei der Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie und zur dahingehenden politischen Rolle von Forschung erhoben. Das Wissenschaftsbarometer Corona Spezial ist ein Projekt von Wissenschaft im Dialog. Förderer und Unterstützer sind die Robert Bosch Stiftung und die Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Themen: Vertrauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung; Zustimmung zu Aussagen über Wissenschaft und Forschung im Kontext mit Corona (politische Entscheidungen im Umgang mit Corona sollten auf wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen beruhen, die meisten Wissenschaftler unterscheiden deutlich zwischen gesicherten Erkenntnissen und noch offenen Fragen zu Corona). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Schulbildung; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Kinder unter 14 Jahren im Haushalt; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Parteipräferenz. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interview-Nr.; Interviewdauer (in Sekunden); Gewicht; Ortsgröße (BIK); Bundesland; Region. Every year since 2014, Wissenschaft im Dialog has been using the Science Barometer to collect representative data on the attitudes of German citizens toward science and research. The aim is to contribute to a fact-based discourse on the relationship between science and the public and to targeted science communication by collecting, processing the data and communicating the results. Against the background of scientific policy advice and publicly communicating researchers in the context of the corona pandemic (COVID-19), two surveys were conducted in spring 2020 in addition to the annual surveys. The questionnaire of these special corona surveys included questions on cognitive attitudes such as informedness and the information behavior of the respondents on corona-related topics from science and research. In addition, evaluative attitudes were collected on issues such as trust, assessment of the benefits of science in combating the corona pandemic and the political role of research in this regard. The science barometer Corona Special is a project of Wissenschaft im Dialog. It is sponsored and supported by the Robert Bosch Stiftung and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Topics: Trust in science and research; agreement on statements about science and research in the context of corona (political decisions on corona should be based on scientific findings; most scientists make a clear distinction between confirmed findings and unanswered questions about corona). Demographics: sex; age; education; occupation; household size; children under 14 years of age in the household; net household income; party preference. Additionally coded: Interview no.; interview duration (in seconds); weight; city size (BIK); federal state; region. Deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in Privathaushalten German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over in private households Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl: Mehrstufige Zufallsauswahl; Auswahlverfahren Kommentar: Kombinierte Festnetz- und Mobilfunk-Stichprobe (Dual-Frame-Ansatz) Verhältnis von Festnetz zu Mobilfunk 80:20

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Malawi who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Malawi - Sample size: 1,200 - Sampling Frame: 2018 Malawi Population and Housing Census - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and rural-urban location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 99.7% - Cooperation rate: 99.5% - Refusal rate: 0.4% - Response rate: 99.2%

Sampling error estimates

+/- 3% at 95% confidence level

Mit dem Wissenschaftsbarometer erhebt Wissenschaft im Dialog seit 2014 jährlich bevölkerungsrepräsentative Daten zu Einstellungen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Deutschland gegenüber Wissenschaft und Forschung. Ziel ist es, durch die Erhebung, Aufbereitung der Daten und Kommunikation der Ergebnisse zu einem faktenbasierten Diskurs über das Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit und eine zielgerichtete Wissenschaftskommunikation beizutragen. Der Fragebogen des Wissenschaftsbarometers beinhaltet entsprechend Fragestellungen zu kognitiven Einstellungen wie Interesse und Informiertheit und dem Informationsverhalten der Befragten zu Themen aus Wissenschaft und Forschung. Außerdem werden evaluative Einstellungen u. a. zum Vertrauen, zur Beurteilung von Nutzen und Risiken von Wissenschaft und zur gesellschaftlichen Rolle von Forschung erhoben. Die Fragestellungen zielen auf allgemeine Einstellungen gegenüber Wissenschaft und Forschung ab. In Einzelfällen widmen sich Fragen auch konkreten Forschungsbereichen oder Technologien oder im jährlichen Wechsel auch aktuellen Entwicklungen in Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit. Die Wissenschaftsbarometer 2014 bis 2016 wurden von der Philip Morris Stiftung gefördert, die Wissenschaftsbarometer 2017 bis 2019 von der Robert Bosch Stiftung. Themen: 1. Interesse an und Informiertheit zu Wissenschaft und Forschung: Informiertheit über ausgewählte Nachrichtenthemen (Sport, Politik, neue Entdeckungen in Wissenschaft und Forschung sowie in der Medizin); Bereich mit dem größten Verbesserungsbedarf in der Stadt oder Kommune; Interesse an wissenschaftlichen Themen. 2. Informationsverhalten zu Wissenschaft und Forschung: Häufigkeit der Beschäftigung mit dem Thema Wissenschaft in ausgewählten Kontexten (Lesen von Artikeln zu wissenschaftlichen Themen, Gespräche im Freundes- und Familienkreis zum Thema Wissenschaft und Forschung sowie Besuch von Veranstaltungen über diese Themen); Besuch von Einrichtungen mit Bezug zur Wissenschaft in den letzten zwölf Monaten (z.B. Wissenschaftsmuseum, Zoo oder Aquarium). 3. Beteiligung und Einbezug von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern in Wissenschaft und Forschung: Einbezug in Entscheidungen über Wissenschaft und Forschung persönlich wichtig; ausreichender Einbezug der Öffentlichkeit in Wissenschaft und Forschung; zu geringe Bemühungen von Wissenschaftlern die Öffentlichkeit über ihre Arbeit zu informieren; präferiertes Thema für Diskussion mit einem Wissenschaftler (offen). 4. Bewertung des Nutzens und der Risiken von Wissenschaft für die Gesellschaft: Einstellung zu Wissenschaft (Menschen vertrauen zu sehr der Wissenschaft anstatt Gefühlen und Glauben, Wissenschaft schadet mehr als sie nützt, Wissenschaftler wissen am besten, was gut für die Gesellschaft ist). 5. Vertrauen in Wissenschaft(ler) zu ausgewählten Themen (Klimawandel, Entstehung des Universums, erneuerbare Energien und grüne Gentechnik). 6. Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Politik: Umfang des Einflusses der Wissenschaft auf die Politik. 7. Öffentliche Finanzierung von Wissenschaft und Forschung: Präferenz bezüglich der Entscheidung über Forschungsgelder (Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft oder Bürger); Investitionen in Grundlagenforschung zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen; Meinung zur Handhabung von Forschungsausgaben bei gekürzten Staatsausgaben. 8. Wissenschaft und Forschung in der Zukunft: Wichtigster Forschungsbereich für die Zukunft; Einfluss der Wissenschaft auf das Leben zukünftiger Generationen (Verbesserungen für das Leben, sowohl Verbesserungen als auch Probleme, mehr Probleme). 9. Aktuelle Thematik: Einstellung zur wissenschaftlichen Erforschung von Fracking; Interesse an Citizen-Science-Projekten. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Schulbildung; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interview-Nr.; Gewicht; Ortsgröße (BIK); Bundesland; Region. Since 2014, Wissenschaft im Dialog has been using the science barometer to collect population-representative data on the attitudes of German citizens towards science and research on an annual basis. The aim is to contribute to a fact-based discourse on the relationship between science and the public and targeted science communication by collecting, processing and communicating the results. The questionnaire of the science barometer contains corresponding questions on cognitive attitudes such as interest and information and the respondents´ information behaviour on topics from science and research. In addition, evaluative attitudes will be collected on issues such as trust, the assessment of the benefits and risks of science and the social role of research. The questions are aimed at general attitudes towards science and research. In individual cases, questions are also devoted to specific research areas or technologies or, alternately, to current developments in science and the public. The science barometers 2014 to 2016 were sponsored by the Philip Morris Foundation, the science barometers 2017 to 2019 by the Robert Bosch Foundation. Topics: 1. Interest in and awareness of science and research: awareness of selected news topics (sports, politics, new discoveries in science and research and in medicine); area with the greatest need for improvement in the city or community; interest in scientific topics. 2. Information behaviour on science and research: frequency of dealing with the subject of science in selected contexts (reading articles on scientific topics, discussions with friends and family on the subject of science and research and attending events on these topics); visiting institutions related to science in the last twelve months (e.g. science museum, zoo or aquarium). 3. Participation and involvement of citizens in science and research: involvement in decisions on science and research personally important; sufficient involvement of the public in science and research; insufficient efforts by scientists to inform the public about their work; preferred topic for discussion with a scientist (open). 4. Evaluation of the benefits and risks of science for society: attitude towards science (people trust science too much instead of feelings and beliefs, science harms more than it benefits, scientists know best what is good for society). 5. Trust in science and scientists on selected topics (climate change, creation of the universe, renewable energies and green genetic engineering). 6. Relationship between science and politics: to what extent does science influence politics. 7. Public funding of science and research: preference for decisions on research funding (political, economic, scientific or citizen); investment in basic research to create jobs; opinion on how to manage research spending in the context of reduced government spending. 8. Science and research in the future: most important research area for the future; influence of science on the lives of future generations (improvements for life, both improvements and problems, more problems). 9. Current topic: attitude towards scientific research on fracking; interest in citizen science projects. Demography: sex; age; education; occupation; household size; net household income. Additionally coded was: interview ID; weight; city size (BIK); federal state; region. Telephone interview: CATI Telefonisches Interview: CATI (Computerunterstützte telefonische Befragung) Telephone interview: CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) Deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in Privathaushalten German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over in private households