Spatial coverage index compiled by East View Geospatial of set "Northern Ireland 1:250,000 Scale Topographic Maps". Source data from OSNI (publisher). Type: Topographic. Scale: 1:250,000. Region: Europe.

Preston, R. and Mills, P., 2002. Generation of a Hydrologically Corrected Digital Elevation Model for the Republic of Ireland. Unpublished report submitted to EPA by Compass Informatics as part of the 2000-LS-2.2.2 Fourth Progress Report.Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) 1:50,000 data was used to create it. Individual DEMs were generated for hydrometric areas for the Republic of Ireland, including the coastal islands of Ireland at grid resolution of 20m. The project required significant pre-processing of source data to facilitate the generation of DEMs but the end result is a hydrologically corrected digital representation of terrain for the whole of the country, suitable for numerous environmental applications. Contours at 10m intervals were generated from the hDTM.Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are bare earth models (no trees or buildings) of the Earth’s surface.The map is a vector dataset. The contours are shown as lines. Each line has info on the contour interval and an ID.

The 10m contour dataset in Irish Transverse Mercator (ITM) coordinate system, was generated by photogrammetric means using two series of high flown vertical aerial imagery. The first flown at approx. 15000 feet (1:30000) from 1973 to 1977 was used to generate the dataset covering approx. 50% of the Republic of Ireland, primarily the western seaboard and County Wicklow. The second covering the remainder of the state was flown at approx. 20000 feet (1:40000) in 1995.Approximately 40% of the dataset was created by a method of manually drawn contours from stereo image pairs and the remainder 60% generated by auto image correlation followed by manual editing correction again using stereo image pairs. Expected average accuracy would be +/-5 metres.

This data was collected by the Geological Survey Ireland, the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, the Discovery Programme, the Heritage Council, Transport Infrastructure Ireland, New York University, the Office of Public Works and Westmeath County Council. All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters but are at different resolutions. Data resolution varies depending on survey requirements. Resolutions for each organisation are as follows: GSI – 1m DCHG/DP/HC - 0.13m, 0.14m, 1m NY – 1m TII – 2m OPW – 2m WMCC - 0.25m Both a DTM and DSM are raster data. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. The grid cell size varies depending on the organisation that collected it. GSI data has a grid cell size of 1 meter by 1 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 1 meter squared.

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return. Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. This LiDAR data was collected between Jan. 2007 and Oct. 2017. An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used as the basis for deriving heights on maps. This data is referenced to the Malin Head Vertical Datum which is the mean sea level of the tide gauge at Malin Head, County Donegal. It was adopted as the national datum in 1970 from readings taken between 1960 and 1969 and all heights on national grid maps are measured above this datum. Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are bare earth models (no trees or buildings) of the Earth’s surface.Digital Surface Models (DSM) are earth models in its current state. For example, a DSM includes elevations from buildings, tree canopy, electrical power lines and other features.Hillshading is a method which gives a 3D appearance to the terrain. It shows the shape of hills and mountains using shading (levels of grey) on a map, by the use of graded shadows that would be cast by high ground if light was shining from a chosen direction.This data shows the hillshade of several DTM's mosaiced together.This data was collected by the Geological Survey Ireland, the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, the Discovery Programme and the Heritage Council. All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters but are at different resolutions. Data resolution varies depending on survey requirements from 0.125m to 1m.Both a DTM and DSM are raster data. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. The grid cell size varies depending on the organisation that collected it. GSI data has a grid cell size of 1 meter by 1 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 1 meter squared

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return. Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. This LiDAR data was collected between June and October 2018.This data shows the areas in Ireland for which you can download LiDAR data and contains links to download the data. This is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas).The LiDAR coverage is shown as polygons. Each polygon is 2000m by 2000m in size and holds information on: the location, county, data provider, owner, licence, published date, capture date, surveyor, RMS error, resolution and a link to download the LiDAR raster data in 2000m by 2000m sections.

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return. Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.

LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. This LiDAR data was collected between 2015 and 2020.

Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are bare earth models (no trees or buildings) of the Earth’s surface.

Digital Surface Models (DSM) are earth models in its current state. For example, a DSM includes elevations from buildings, tree canopy, electrical power lines and other features.

This data was collected by the Geological Survey Ireland, the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, the Discovery Programme, the Heritage Council, Transport Infrastructure Ireland, New York University, the Office of Public Works and Westmeath County Council. All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters but are at different resolutions. Data resolution varies depending on survey requirements. Resolutions for each organisation are as follows:

GSI – 1m

DCHG/DP/HC - 0.13m, 0.14m, 1m

NY – 1m

TII – 2m

OPW – 2m

WMCC - 0.25m

Both a DTM and DSM are raster data. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. The grid cell size varies depending on the organisation that collected it. GSI data has a grid cell size of 1 meter by 1 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 1 meter squared.

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return. Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. This LiDAR data was collected in 2011.An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used as the basis for deriving heights on maps. This data is referenced to the Malin Head Vertical Datum which is the mean sea level of the tide gauge at Malin Head, County Donegal. It was adopted as the national datum in 1970 from readings taken between 1960 and 1969 and all heights on national grid maps are measured above this datum. Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are bare earth models (no trees or buildings) of the Earth’s surface.Digital Surface Models (DSM) are earth models in its current state. For example, a DSM includes elevations from buildings, tree canopy, electrical power lines and other features.Hillshading is a method which gives a 3D appearance to the terrain. It shows the shape of hills and mountains using shading (levels of grey) on a map, by the use of graded shadows that would be cast by high ground if light was shining from a chosen direction.This data shows the hillshade of the DSM.This data was collected by the Office of Public Works. All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. OPW data has a grid cell size of 2 meter by 2 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 2 meter squared.

INSPIRE Strategic noise maps. Noise contour map for major roads – Lden. Published by Environmental Protection Agency. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).This is a polygon dataset of the strategic noise mapping of roads, which were identified as those roads exceeding the flow threshold of 3 million passages per year, in the form of noise contours for the Lden (day, evening, night) period for Dublin and Cork agglomerations and the major roads outside of the agglomerations. The dB value represents the average decibel value during the Lden time.

Any direct comparison of the Round 3 versus Round 2 results should be carefully considered, as changes to the model input datasets used between these rounds may be significant. This may especially apply to the terrain model used, while there may be improved building height data, & improved traffic flow data with fewer assumed flows. There may also be some revisions to the actual road network modelled in Round 3.

The noise maps are the product of assimilating a collection of digital datasets, and over the last 10 years there has been significant improvements to the quality of the digital datasets describing the natural and built environment in Ireland. This has led to the strategic noise models giving much more reliable noise results with much less tendency to over predict the impact.

UPDATE (February 2019): The Regional roads in 26 Local Authorities (LAs) outside of Dublin, and Cork have now been amended by Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII). The original road maps had included some significant stretches of roads (~20%) that were below the 3 million vehicles movements/annum reporting threshold. These road sections have now been removed and revised Regional road maps have been released by TII.

This TII review process has resulted in an update of the National road map that is reported to the EEA. The EPA has also updated our website to reflect these changes, and we will also look to provide relevant links to the Final LA Noise Action Plans (when completed): http://www.epa.ie/monitoringassessment/noisemapping/...

INSPIRE Strategic noise maps. Noise contour map for roads noise in agglomerations – Lden. Published by Environmental Protection Agency. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).This is a polygon dataset of the strategic noise mapping of roads, which were identified as those roads exceeding the flow threshold of 3 million passages per year, in the form of noise contours for the Lden (day, evening, night) period for Dublin and Cork agglomerations and the major roads outside of the agglomerations. The dB value represents the average decibel value during the Lden time.

Any direct comparison of the Round 3 versus Round 2 results should be carefully considered, as changes to the model input datasets used between these rounds may be significant. This may especially apply to the terrain model used, while there may be improved building height data, & improved traffic flow data with fewer assumed flows. There may also be some revisions to the actual road network modelled in Round 3.

The noise maps are the product of assimilating a collection of digital datasets, and over the last 10 years there has been significant improvements to the quality of the digital datasets describing the natural and built environment in Ireland. This has led to the strategic noise models giving much more reliable noise results with much less tendency to over predict the impact.

UPDATE (February 2019): The Regional roads in 26 Local Authorities (LAs) outside of Dublin, and Cork have now been amended by Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII). The original road maps had included some significant stretches of roads (~20%) that were below the 3 million vehicles movements/annum reporting threshold. These road sections have now been removed and revised Regional road maps have been released by TII.

This TII review process has resulted in an update of the National road map that is reported to the EEA. The EPA has also updated our website to reflect these changes, and we will also look to provide relevant links to the Final LA Noise Action Plans (when completed): http://www.epa.ie/monitoringassessment/noisemapping/...

This is a polygon Dataset of the strategic noise mapping of roads, which were identified as those roads exceeding the flow threshold of 3 million Passages per year, in the form of noise contours for the Lden (day, evening, night) period for Dublin and Cork agglomerations and the major roads outside of the agglomerations. The dB value represents the average decibel value during the Lden time. Any direct comparison of the Round 3 versus Round 2 results should be carefully considered, as changes to the model input datasets used between these rounds may be significant. This may especially apply to the terrain model used, while there may be improved building height data, & improved traffic flow data with fewer assumed flows. There may also be some revisions to the actual road network modelled in Round 3. The noise maps are the product of assimilating a collection of digital datasets, and over the last 10 years there has been significant improvements to the quality of the digital datasets describing the natural and built environment in Ireland. This has led to the strategic noise models giving much more reliable noise results with much less Tendency to over predict the impact. Update (February 2019): The Regional roads in 26 Local Authorities (Las) outside of Dublin, and Cork have now been amended by Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII). The original road maps had included some significant stretches of roads (~20 %) that were below the 3 million vehicles movements/annum reporting threshold. These road sections have now been removed and revised Regional road maps have been released by TII. This TII review process has resulted in an update of the National road map that is reported to the EEA. The EPA has also updated our website to reflect these changes, and we will also look to provide relevant links to the Final LA Noise Action Plans (when completed): http://www.epa.ie/monitoringassessment/noisemapping/

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return.Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. This LiDAR data was collected between May 2010 and May 2011. An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used as the basis for deriving heights on maps. This data is referenced to the Malin Head Vertical Datum which is the mean sea level of the tide gauge at Malin Head, County Donegal. It was adopted as the national datum in 1970 from readings taken between 1960 and 1969 and all heights on national grid maps are measured above this datum. Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are bare earth models (no trees or buildings) of the Earth’s surface.Digital Surface Models (DSM) are earth models in its current state. For example, a DSM includes elevations from buildings, tree canopy, electrical power lines and other features.Hillshading is a method which gives a 3D appearance to the terrain. It shows the shape of hills and mountains using shading (levels of grey) on a map, by the use of graded shadows that would be cast by high ground if light was shining from a chosen direction.This data shows the hillshade of the DTM.This data was collected by Transport Infrastructure Ireland. All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. TII data has a grid cell size of 2 meter by 2 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 2 meter squared.

NCED is currently involved in researching the effectiveness of anaglyph maps in the classroom and are working with educators and scientists to interpret various Earth-surface processes. Based on the findings of the research, various activities and interpretive information will be developed and available for educators to use in their classrooms. Keep checking back with this website because activities and maps are always being updated. We believe that anaglyph maps are an important tool in helping students see the world and are working to further develop materials and activities to support educators in their use of the maps.

This website has various 3-D maps and supporting materials that are available for download. Maps can be printed, viewed on computer monitors, or projected on to screens for larger audiences. Keep an eye on our website for more maps, activities and new information. Let us know how you use anaglyph maps in your classroom. Email any ideas or activities you have to ncedmaps@umn.edu

Anaglyph paper maps are a cost effective offshoot of the GeoWall Project. Geowall is a high end visualization tool developed for use in the University of Minnesota's Geology and Geophysics Department. Because of its effectiveness it has been expanded to 300 institutions across the United States. GeoWall projects 3-D images and allows students to see 3-D representations but is limited because of the technology. Paper maps are a cost effective solution that allows anaglyph technology to be used in classroom and field-based applications.

Maps are best when viewed with RED/CYAN anaglyph glasses!

A note on downloading: "viewable" maps are .jpg files; "high-quality downloads" are .tif files. While it is possible to view the latter in a web-browser in most cases, the download may be slow. As an alternative, try right-clicking on the link to the high-quality download and choosing "save" from the pop-up menu that results. Save the file to your own machine, then try opening the saved copy. This may be faster than clicking directly on the link to open it in the browser.

World Map: 3-D map that highlights oceanic bathymetry and plate boundaries.

Continental United States: 3-D grayscale map of the Lower 48.

Western United States: 3-D grayscale map of the Western United States with state boundaries.

Regional Map: 3-D greyscale map stretching from Hudson Bay to the Central Great Plains. This map includes the Western Great Lakes and the Canadian Shield.

Minnesota Map: 3-D greyscale map of Minnesota with county and state boundaries.

Twin Cities: 3-D map extending beyond Minneapolis and St. Paul.

Twin Cities Confluence Map: 3-D map highlighting the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers. This map includes most of Minneapolis and St. Paul.

Minneapolis, MN: 3-D topographical map of South Minneapolis.

Bassets Creek, Minneapolis: 3-D topographical map of the Bassets Creek watershed.

North Minneapolis: 3-D topographical map highlighting North Minneapolis and the Mississippi River.

St. Paul, MN: 3-D topographical map of St. Paul.

Western Suburbs, Twin Cities: 3-D topographical map of St. Louis Park, Hopkins and Minnetonka area.

Minnesota River Valley Suburbs, Twin Cities: 3-D topographical map of Bloomington, Eden Prairie and Edina area.

Southern Suburbs, Twin Cities: 3-D topographical map of Burnsville, Lakeville and Prior Lake area.

Southeast Suburbs, Twin Cities: 3-D topographical map of South St. Paul, Mendota Heights, Apple Valley and Eagan area.

Northeast Suburbs, Twin Cities: 3-D topographical map of White Bear Lake, Maplewood and Roseville area.

Northwest Suburbs, Mississippi River, Twin Cities: 3-D topographical map of North Minneapolis, Brooklyn Center and Maple Grove area.

Blaine, MN: 3-D map of Blaine and the Mississippi River.

White Bear Lake, MN: 3-D topographical map of White Bear Lake and the surrounding area.

Maple Grove, MN: 3-D topographical map of the NW suburbs of the Twin Cities.

Minnesota River: 3-D topographical map of the Minnesota River Valley highlighting the river bend in Mankato.

St. Croix River: 3-D topographical map of the St. Croix extending from Taylors Falls to the Mississippi confluence.

Mississippi River, Lake Pepin: 3-D topographical map of the confluence of Chippewa Creek and the Mississippi River.

Red Wing, MN: 3-D topographical map of Redwing, MN on the Mississippi River.

Winona, Minnesota: 3-D topographical map of Winona, MN highlighting the Mississippi River.

Cannon Falls, MN: 3-D topographical map of Cannon Falls area.

Rochester, MN: 3-D topographical map of Rochester and the surrounding area.

Northfield, MN: 3-D topographical map of Northfield and the surrounding area.

St. Louis River, MN: 3-D map of the St. Louis River and Duluth, Minnesota.

Lake Itasca, MN: 3-D map of the source of the Mississippi River.

Elmore, MN: 3-D topographical map of Elmore, MN in south-central Minnesota.

Glencoe, MN: 3-D topographical map of Glencoe, MN.

New Prague, MN: 3-D topographical map of the New Prague in south-central Minnesota.

Plainview, MN: 3-D topographical map of Plainview, MN.

Waterville-Morristown: 3-D map of the Waterville-Morris area in south-central Minnesota.

Eau Claire, WI: 3-D map of Eau Claire highlighting abandon river channels.

Dubuque, IA: 3-D topographical map of Dubuque and the Mississippi River.

Londonderry, NH: 3-D topographical map of Londonderry, NH.

Santa Cruz, CA: 3-D topographical map of Santa Cruz, California.

Crater Lake, OR: 3-D topographical map of Crater Lake, Oregon.

Mt. Rainier, WA: 3-D topographical map of Mt. Rainier in Washington.

Grand Canyon, AZ: 3-D topographical map of the Grand Canyon.

District of Columbia: 3-D map highlighting the confluence of the rivers and the Mall.

Ireland: 3-D grayscale map of Ireland.

New Jersey: 3-D grayscale map of New Jersey.

SP Crater, AZ: 3-D map of random craters in the San Francisco Mountains.

Mars Water Features: 3-D grayscale map showing surface water features from Mars.

Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Service Protocol: Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Application Profile: Web Browser. Link Function: information

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return.Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used as the basis for deriving heights on maps. This data is referenced to the Malin Head Vertical Datum which is the mean sea level of the tide gauge at Malin Head, County Donegal. It was adopted as the national datum in 1970 from readings taken between 1960 and 1969 and all heights on national grid maps are measured above this datum. Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are bare earth models (no trees or buildings) of the Earth’s surface.Digital Surface Models (DSM) are earth models in its current state. For example, a DSM includes elevations from buildings, tree canopy, electrical power lines and other features.Hillshading is a method which gives a 3D appearance to the terrain. It shows the shape of hills and mountains using shading (levels of grey) on a map, by the use of graded shadows that would be cast by high ground if light was shining from a chosen direction.This data was collected by several organisations. All raster data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. The data is available in different resolutions. For example some data has a grid cell size of 2 meter by 2 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 2 meter squared.This viewer provides access to download processed LiDAR data in raster format.This data was collected by the Geological Survey Ireland (GSI), the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DCHG), the Discovery Programme (DP), the Heritage Council (HC), Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII), New York University (NYU), the Office of Public Works (OPW) and Westmeath County Council (WMCC). All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters but are at different resolutions. Data resolution varies depending on survey requirements. Resolutions for each organisation are as follows:GSI – 1mDCHG/DP/HC - 0.13m, 0.14m, 1mNY – 1mTII – 2mOPW – 2mWMCC - 0.25m

The INtegrated Mapping FOr the Sustainable Development of Irelands MArine Resource (INFOMAR) programme is a joint venture between the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) and the Marine Institute (MI). The programme is the successor to the Irish National Seabed Survey (INSS) and concentrates on creating integrated mapping products related to the seabed. Bathymetry refers to the oceans depth relative to sea level, although it has come to mean submarine topography, or the depths and shapes of underwater terrain. In the same way that topographic maps represent the three-dimensional features (or relief) of overland terrain, bathymetric maps illustrate the land that lies underwater. Variations in sea-floor relief may be depicted by color and contour lines called depth contours or isobaths.http://www.infomar.ie/ Download this data https://jetstream.gsi.ie/iwdds/map.jspBathymetry data formats available for download.Lidar data formats available for download.

Physiographic Units Level 1 1:250,000 Ireland (ROI) ITM. Published by Geological Survey Ireland. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).The term Physiography can be described as a blending of “physical" and "geography". Physiographic Units show Ireland’s physical landscape divided into categories such as ‘Bedrock plain’ and ‘Flat to undulating sediments’. Areas are grouped based on bedrock geology (solid rock at or below the land surface), Quaternary (largely Ice Age) sediments and geomorphology (landforms). Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and Aerial photography are also used. Three maps were made, each giving a different level of detail. The Level 1 map has 7 categories. These show bedrock landscapes at different heights above sea level such as mountains (more than 300 m), hills (100 to 300 m) and plains (less than 100 m). Sediment (sand, gravel and soil) landscapes are grouped by slopes, such as rolling (gentle hills), hummocky (small lumpy hills) and flat. The Level 2 map has 16 categories. These show bedrock landscapes with different texture (how rough or smooth it is) or rugosity (how wrinkly it is), depending on the bedrock type (e.g. granite bedrock evolves into rounded mountains or hills). Sediment (sand, gravel and soil) landscapes are grouped by the type of geological process shaping them eg (Drumlin and ribbed moraine topography).

The Level 3 map has 29 categories. This is the most complex and further categorises in a similar way to level 2. Areas were mapped at scales ranging from 1:30,000 to 1:100,000 (1cm on the map relates to 1km). The map is designed to be used at 1:250,000 scale (1cm on the map relates to 2.5km). It is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas). This data is shown as polygons. Each polygon has a unique identifier and its landscape category....

Orthophotography is aerial imagery that has been geometrically corrected. An orthophoto is an image that is free of distortion, and which is characterised by a uniform scale over its entire surface - it has been ortho-rectified.

Quaternary Geomorphology 1:50,000 Ireland (ROI) ITM. Published by Geological Survey Ireland. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).In terms of time scale in geology, Quaternary is the present-day time and it began 2.6 million years ago. A lot of this time period relates to the Ice Age. Quaternary Geomorphology shows features left on the earth’s surface during this time. Glaciers and ice sheets, which are masses of ice that flow slowly over the landscape, created these features. Quaternary Geomorphology can also be described as Glacial landforms. These features include; boulders moved by ice (Erratic Carriages), shapes left on the land from when it was beneath ice (Subglacial Landforms), shapes left on the areas of land that where near or beside ice (Ice Marginal Landforms), shapes cut into mountains by ice (Mountain Glaciation). Geologists collected some of the data shown on the map using tablets while visiting these sites. More data came from books and articles. The data along with images taken from planes and satellites (Remote Imagery) as well as models of the height of the earth’s surface (Digital Elevation Model) was used to draw these features on a map. This map is to the scale 1:50,000 (1cm on the map relates to a distance of 500m). It is a vector dataset. Vector data shows the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas). This map shows data as points, lines and areas. Erratic Carriage areas show the origin of the boulders (Source) and lines show where they are now (Sink). The Subglacial Landforms lines show where ice carved the land as they passed over, leaving scratch marks on rocks (Striae and Lineations), and areas show where ice left behind mounds of debris (Moraines).
Ice Marginal Landforms lines and areas show where water flowed through and away from ice (Meltwater), as well as areas where melting ice left behind mounds and hollows in the ground (Deglacial).
Mountain Glaciation lines show where the top of the ice left a mark on the side of a valley (Trim line) or where the bottom of the ice cut a bowl shape (Corrie) into the side of the mountain....

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology, i.e. the technology is not in direct contact with what is being measured. From satellite, aeroplane or helicopter, a LiDAR system sends a light pulse to the ground. This pulse hits the ground and returns back to a sensor on the system. The time is recorded to measure how long it takes for this light to return.Knowing this time measurement scientists are able to create topography maps.LiDAR data are collected as points (X,Y,Z (x & y coordinates) and z (height)). The data is then converted into gridded (GeoTIFF) data to create a Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of the earth. This LiDAR data was collected between May 2010 and May 2011.This data shows the areas in Ireland for which you can download LiDAR data and contains links to download the data. This is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas).The LiDAR coverage is shown as polygons. Each polygon is 2000m by 2000m in size and holds information on: the location, data provider, owner, licence, published date, capture date, surveyor, RMS error, resolution and a link to download the LiDAR raster data in 2000m by 2000m sections.