The average for 2023 based on 193 countries was -0.04 points. The highest value was in Denmark: 2.38 points and the lowest value was in Syria: -1.75 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Control of corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests. This table lists the individual variables from each data source used to construct this measure in the Worldwide Governance Indicators Quality/Lineage: The data is downloaded from the above link http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#home and manipulated only table format keeping the value same for all the countries as the requirement of the Strive database. The map is created based on the values of the country using rworldmap package in R.

Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank in Bermuda was reported at 87.74 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Bermuda - Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Vietnam: Control of corruption (-2.5 weak; 2.5 strong): The latest value from 2023 is -0.42 points, a decline from -0.29 points in 2022. In comparison, the world average is -0.04 points, based on data from 193 countries. Historically, the average for Vietnam from 1996 to 2023 is -0.54 points. The minimum value, -0.76 points, was reached in 2004 while the maximum of -0.29 points was recorded in 2022.

Control of Corruption: Estimate in Brazil was reported at --0.50364 Score in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Brazil - Control of Corruption: Estimate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The 2018 BCI index

The Bayesian Corruption Index is a composite index of the perceived overall level of corruption. Corruption: With corruption, we refer to the “abuse of public power for private gain." Perceived corruption: Given the hidden nature of corruption, direct measures are hard to come by or inherently flawed (e.g. the number of corruption convictions). Instead, we amalgamate the opinions on the level of corruption from the country’s inhabitants, companies operating there, NGOs, and officials working both in governmental and supra-governmental organizations. Composite: It combines the information from 17 different surveys and 110 different survey questions that cover the perceived level of corruption.

It is an alternative to the other well-known indicators of corruption perception: the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) published by Transparency International and the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) published by the World Bank. Methodologically, it is most closely related to the latter as the methodology used in the construction of the BCI can be seen as an augmented version of the Worldwide Governance Indicators’ methodology. The augmentation allows an increase in the coverage. In contrast to the WGI or CPI, the underlying source data are entered without any ex-ante imputations, averaging or other manipulations. This results in an index representing the underlying data, unbiased by the composer’s modelling choices.

The latest version of the index is the 2023 version. It covers 221 countries from 1984 to 2021. For replicatability's sake, the older index versions are also made available. The 2014 version of the index is available for 219 countries from 1984 to 2014 The 2018 version of the index is available for 219 countries from 1984 to 2017

Please cite as: Samuel Standaert (2015) "Divining the Level of Corruption: a Bayesian State Space Approach", Journal of Comparative Economics, 43 (3) 782-803. DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2014.05.007

Philippines PH: Control of Corruption: Estimate data was reported at -0.475 NA in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.488 NA for 2016. Philippines PH: Control of Corruption: Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.563 NA from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -0.295 NA in 1998 and a record low of -0.830 NA in 2006. Philippines PH: Control of Corruption: Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank.WGI: Country Governance Indicators. Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as 'capture' of the state by elites and private interests. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution, i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.

In 2022, the control of corruption index in South Africa dropped from -0.03 points in the previous year to -0.32 points. Corruption in the country is a prevalent issue that has infiltrated various sectors of government and society.

Control of Corruption: Estimate in Indonesia was reported at --0.48687 Score in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Control of Corruption: Estimate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

According to the Corruption Perception Index, Uruguay was perceived as the least corrupt country in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2024, with a score of 76 out of 100. Venezuela, on the other hand, was found to be the Latin American nation with the worst perceived level of corruption, at 10 points. A role model for Latin American democracy Uruguay has many factors contributing to its low public perception of corruption, from high average income levels to a close-knit urban population. At the forefront is the South American country's adherence to good governance and democracy. In fact, in 2024, Uruguay was ranked as the 13th most democratic country in the world. Going hand in hand with trust in institutions is the prospect of equal opportunities for Uruguayans social advancement. In this area, Uruguay is also ranked as the country in Latin America with the highest social mobility index score. A population in need of reconciliation Corruption has long been an issue souring Latin America. Many experts in the region believe it to be the biggest hindrance to their countries. At the top of this list is Peru, with the largest share of Latin American respondents who think corruption is their country's main problem, followed by Colombia and Brazil. In light of a history of drug trafficking and guerrilla warfare, the number of Colombians who believe that the corrupt elite has captured their political system ranks as the highest in the world. To overcome the consequences of this reputation, the Colombian government has made significant efforts to pass anti-corruption legislation, such as the Colombian Penal Code and the Anti-Corruption Act.

Africa's corruption landscape reveals a stark contrast between nations, with the Seychelles emerging as the least corrupt country in 2024, boasting a corruption perceptions index (CPI) score of **. This East African island nation sets a high bar for transparency, followed closely by Cape Verde with ** points. However, the continent's struggle with corruption is evident as South Sudan languishes at the bottom with a mere * points, highlighting the vast disparity in governance across African nations. Performance and trends in Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges in combating corruption, as evidenced by its lowest global average corruption perception index (CPI) score of ** as of 2024. While countries like the Seychelles, Cabo Verde, and Botswana demonstrate a better performance, others like South Sudan and Somalia continue to grapple with pervasive corruption. South Africa, a major economic player in the region, has seen its CPI score drop to a record low of ** points in 2023, indicating a worsening corruption problem that has persisted for over a decade. Corruption's impact on public perception in South Africa The prevalence of corruption in South Africa has had a tangible effect on public sentiment. Monthly surveys conducted in the country from 2022 to 2024 reveal high levels of concern about financial and political corruption, with ** percent of respondents expressing worry in December 2024. This concern peaked at ** percent in February 2023, underscoring the issue's prominence in public discourse. The most common form of corruption reported in South Africa in 2023 was maladministration, which accounted for ** percent of complaints, followed by fraud and employment irregularities.

Antigua and Barbuda: Control of corruption (-2.5 weak; 2.5 strong): The latest value from 2023 is 0.33 points, an increase from 0.31 points in 2022. In comparison, the world average is -0.04 points, based on data from 193 countries. Historically, the average for Antigua and Barbuda from 1996 to 2023 is 0.78 points. The minimum value, 0.2 points, was reached in 2017 while the maximum of 1.32 points was recorded in 2009.

Data calculated for State of the Tropics report from original source: Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index. This indicator measures the extent to which public power is exercised for private grain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests. It also measures the strength and effectiveness of a country’s policy and institutional framework to prevent and combat corruption.

The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project constructs aggregate indicators of six broad dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Government Effectiveness Regulatory Quality Rule of Law Control of Corruption The six aggregate indicators are based on over 30 underlying data sources reporting the perceptions of governance of a large number of survey respondents and expert assessments worldwide. Details on the underlying data sources, the aggregation method, and the interpretation of the indicators, can be found in the WGI methodology paper: Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi (2010). "The Worldwide Governance Indicators : A Summary of Methodology, Data and Analytical Issues". World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5430 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1682130 Full interactive access to the aggregate indicators, and the underlying source data, is available at www.govindicators.org. Note that this Worldwide Governance Indicators update incorporates revisions to data for previous years, and so this data release supersedes data from all previous releases. The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a research dataset summarizing the views on the quality of governance provided by a large number of enterprise, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries. These data are gathered from a number of survey institutes, think tanks, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and private sector firms.

Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank in Cayman Islands was reported at 65.09 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Cayman Islands - Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In Mexico, the corruption perception index score remained stable at 31 points from 2020 to 2023. Mexico ranked in the lower table of Latin American countries on their perceived corruption index score. The worst possible score in perception of corruption is 0, whereas a score of 100 indicates that no corruption is perceived in the respective country. This index is a composite indicator that includes data on the perception of corruption in areas such as bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public procurement, embezzlement of state funds, and effectiveness of governments' anti-corruption efforts.

In 2024, Singapore was perceived to be the least corrupt country in Southeast Asia, reaching a corruption index score of 84 out of 100. Comparatively, Myanmar was perceived to be the most corrupt country across the ASEAN region, with a corruption index score of 16 out of 100.

GDP Growth Indicator: GDP = (( GDPt- GDP t-1)/ GDP t-1)*10 Control Of Corruption Indicator: Corupption Perception Index Government Effectiveness Indicator: a measure of the quality of public services, the quality of civil services and their degree of independence from political pressure, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of commitments government to this policy. Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Teorism Indicator: a measure of the likelihood of a change in power that could impact not only policy sustainability but also reduce citizen’s ability to choose and replace rulers peacefull. Regulator Quality Indicator: a measure of a government's ability to formulate and implement policies and regulations and its ability to promote private sector development Rule of Law Indicator: an Index Rules of Law

All of the data are measuring in ratio (%) and the source are from the World Bank.

It is obvious that the Internet connection brings several unquestionable benefits to people and society. However, not all of them can be seen at first sight. This study examines the potential effect of Internet usage on corruption awareness as well as experience with corruption and actual reporting of corruption cases. We conducted mainly IV probit and 2SLS regression based on the data from the Eurobarometer survey. We have found that intensity of Internet usage seems to be a significant factor affecting respondents’ knowledge about where to report the corruption. Internet usage appears to have a positive effect on the accuracy of corruption extent estimation in a country. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that those using the Internet frequently are more likely to report experiences of corruption. In line with this result, promoting of Internet usage and enabling Internet access can be seen as a potential anti-corruption tool. Our findings have several important implications for anti-corruption and bribery policies. Due to the fact that the initial installation cost proves to be the essential problem, the effective strategy should also include the subsidies for Internet access.Key points for practitioners:•Respondents who are using the Internet more often have a better awareness of corruption, and they are more often willing to report the corruption.•The public support of internet usage seems to be a potentially effective anti-corruption policy.•Initial installation cost seems to be the most significant barrier to Internet adoption and usage.

Control of Corruption: Estimate in Vietnam was reported at --0.41581 Score in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Control of Corruption: Estimate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.