The Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Mapping Project is a project that has been carried out over 12 years, with the aim to enhance our understanding about past human settlement, by providing information and syntheses for all archaeological sites and landscapes that are visible on aerial photographs.

To achieve this, all archaeological sites identified on aerial photography in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly were mapped and interpreted to a consistent standard, and the resulting information was incorporated into the county Historic Environment Record and National Monument Record databases.

More than 50,000 aerial photographs were consulted during the project. These photographs are housed in three main collections: at the National Monuments Record Centre, Cornwall Council, and Cambridge University.

The archaeological scope of the project, in line with NMP projects nationally, included all archaeological features from the Neolithic to 1945 visible on aerial photographs. The general sphere of interest of the project can be summarised as follows: - All visible archaeological features (including probable and possible features), dating from the Neolithic to the twentieth century (pre-1946), were recorded. - This includes both plough-levelled sites and those with upstanding remains, regardless of whether they had been previously surveyed. - Previously surveyed sites (those, for instance, appearing on OS maps) which have not been photographed or which are completely obscured by vegetation were not recorded. - Features still in use or fossilised by later structures that are still in use (e.g. buildings, field hedges, canals and railways) were not recorded.

Over the course of its 12 year lifetime the project has produced a huge amount of data. This, in tandem with technological developments during this time, has completely transformed not only the amount of available information about Cornwall's archaeology visible on aerial photographs, but also the way in which it can be accessed.

As a result of the project, coupled with the use of GIS, whole historic and prehistoric landscapes have been mapped and can be viewed in their entirety.

Roughly 30,000 archaeological features were mapped and recorded in the project Morph2 database. More than 24,000 monument records in the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Historic Environment Record (HER) were either created or enhanced by data from the project. Seventy five percent of the sites identified during the project are new to the HER and 85% are new to the National Monuments Record.

Accuracy of Content: The level of detail and the accuracy of the information held on each site reflects the nature or content of the sources used to compile the record. It has been possible to verify the information 'on the ground' in only a small percentage of sites. Users of this data should consult the HER to clarify the level of reliability and/or precision that should be afforded to information derived from the Cornwall & Scilly NMP dataset.

The Site and its Content is provided for your general information only; we do not undertake that Content will always be accurate and complete. Therefore, if you propose to do, or refrain from doing, something in reliance upon Content you find on the Site, you must check the accuracy of the relevant Content by some other means.

This spatial dataset is an output of the Natural England County & City Natural Capital Atlas project (July 2020). It shows variation in ecosystem service flow for habitats across England, based on indicators identified by NE in the 2018 Natural Capital Indicators project. The dataset comprises a hexagonal grid which summarises indicator values across the country (each unit = 5km²).

Natural Capital is an important aspect of current environmental policy and management. This dataset, in combination with the other project outputs, will support understanding of Natural Capital in England and serve as a valuable engagement tool to communicate concepts of the Natural Capital approach to a wide variety of stakeholders.

For full methodology and user guide see documents ‘NCAtlas_Devon’ and ‘NC-Mapping-User-Guidance’ at http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/6672365834731520.

For full metadata documentation see the data package download below.

Copyright statement: LCM2015 © NERC (CEH) 2011. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright 2007. © Defra. Contains Defra information © Defra - Project MB0102. © Environment Agency. © Forestry Commission. © Historic England [year]. © Joint Nature Conservation Committee. © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [year]. Contains data supplied by © NERC - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. © Natural England copyright. Natural England Licence No. 2011/052 British Geological Survey © NERC, all rights reserved, © NSRI Cranfield University. Contains National Statistics data © Crown copyright and database right [year]. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [year]. Contains Rural Payments Agency. © Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council. © Bath & North East Somerset Council. © Bedford Borough Council. © London Borough of Bexley. © Birmingham City Council. © Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council. © Blackpool Council. © Bolton Council. © BCP Council. © Bracknell Forest Council. © City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. © Brighton & Hove City Council. © Bristol City Council. © London Borough of Bromley. © Buckinghamshire County Council. © Bury Council. © Calderdale Council. © Cambridgeshire County Council. © Central Bedfordshire Council. © Cheshire East Council. © Cheshire West and Chester Council. © Cornwall Council. © Cumbria County Council. © Derbyshire County Council. © Devon County Council. © Doncaster Council. © Dorset Council. © Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council. © Durham County Council. © East Riding of Yorkshire Council. © East Sussex County Council. © Essex County Council. © Gateshead Council. © Gloucestershire County Council. © Hampshire County Council. © Herefordshire Council. © Hertfordshire County Council. © Hull City Council. © Isle of Anglesey County Council. © Isle of Wight Council. © Kent County Council. © Kirklees Council. © Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council. © Lake District National Park. © Lancashire County Council. © Leicester City Council. © Leicestershire County Council. © Lincolnshire County Council. © Manchester City Council. © Medway Council. © Norfolk County Council. © North Lincolnshire Council. © North Somerset Council. © North Yorkshire County Council. © Northamptonshire County Council. © Northumberland County Council. © Nottingham City Council. © Nottinghamshire County Council. © Oldham Council. © Oxfordshire County Council. © Peterborough City Council. © Plymouth City Council. © Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council. © Portsmouth City Council. © Reading Borough Council. © Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council. © Rochdale Borough Council. © Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council. © Rutland County Council. © Salford City Council. © Sefton Council. © Sheffield City Council. © Shropshire Council. © Slough Borough Council. © Somerset County Council. © South Gloucestershire Council. © Southampton City Council. © St Helens Council. © Staffordshire County Council. © Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. © Stockton Council. © Suffolk County Council. © Surrey County Council. © Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. © Thurrock Council. © Torbay Council. © Trafford Council. © Wakefield Council. © Walsall Council. © Warrington Borough Council. © Warwickshire County Council. © West Berkshire Council. © West Sussex County Council. © Wigan Council. © Wiltshire Council. © Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Council. © Wirral Council. © Wokingham Borough Council. © Worcestershire County Council. © City of York Council.

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for Local Planning Authorities, in the United Kingdom as at April 2022.The boundaries are (BFE) Full resolution - extent of the realm (usually this is the Mean Low Water mark but in some cases boundaries extend beyond this to include off shore islands).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.REST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE View Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Local_Planning_Authorities_(April_2022)_UK_BFE/MapServerREST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE Feature DownloadService – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/Local_Planning_Authorities_April_2022_UK_BFE/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Local_Planning_Authorities_April_2022_UK_BFE_2022/FeatureServer

Cornwall Council’s Historic Environment Service pioneered the methodology for Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC), undertaking the first national countywide characterisation in 1994. The Cornwall Method is set out by Peter Herring in 'Historic Landscape Assessment, Presenting a Method' (1998). Characterisation continues to be fundamental to our interpretation and presentation of the historic environment. It allows the historic dimension of the whole landscape to be fully considered and provides a readily understood context for the surviving archaeological remains.

The HLC, of the whole of Cornwall, was undertaken as part of a general Landscape Assessment of the county (published as Cornwall County Council 1996). The HLC was supported and funded by the Countryside Commission (now the Countryside Agency), English Heritage, Cornwall County Council and the six local District Councils.

The Cornwall HLC was a pilot study encouraged by English Heritage who were investigating ways of assessing the historic environment, to enable it to be placed alongside the natural environment in discussions of sustainable development. The method was based on a comprehensive and systematic collection of disparate data that was then mapped, assessed and interpreted by the Service. It represented a new way of characterising the landscape and understanding its evolution. The Cornwall Method has since been adopted and adapted by local Authorities and heritage Agencies throughout the British Isles and Europe.

A basic premise of HLC is that the whole of Britain is one continuous but multifarious historic landscape. All natural habitats in Britain are 'semi-natural', being the products of natural conditions (geology, soils, exposure, native communities etc.) as altered by various land use systems. These systems may have been either deliberate, like woodland management, grazing of heathlands (including cliffs and coastal valleys), and creation of pastures, or incidental to other processes, like the silting of estuaries as a result of tinning, or the creation of marginal habitats alongside roads. As a result, all semi-natural habitats are part of the historic environment and so there are no parts of Britain that do not have a definable historic character.

It is possible to establish, through study, the predominant historic landscape character of each parcel of land in Cornwall. The landscape is comprised of a mosaic of blocks of land whose predominant historical landscape character is both various and repeating. This quality allows parcels to be assigned, using a number of systematic sources (mainly maps), to one of around twenty clearly distinguishable HLC Types. Most Types can be found scattered across the whole of Cornwall and most can be further subdivided according to the sensitivity of characterisation required. To create a smaller-scale and simplified characterisation of the whole county, the Types mapping can be simplified, generalised and, to some extent, reinterpreted, to produce a map of Historic Landscape Character Zones.

Accuracy of Content: The level of detail and the accuracy of the information held on each HLC type reflect the nature or content of the sources used to compile the record. Users of this data should consult the HER to clarify the level of reliability and/or precision that should be afforded to information derived from the HBSMR.
The Site and its Content is provided for your general information only; we do not undertake that Content will always be accurate and complete. Therefore, if you propose to do, or refrain from doing, something in reliance upon Content you find on the Site, you must check the accuracy of the relevant Content by some other means.

In 2014 Cornwall Council adopted the Open Space Strategy for Larger Towns in Cornwall as interim planning guidance pending adoption of the Cornwall Local Plan, when it will follow the process to become a Supplementary Planning Document. The strategy identifies local provision standards for open space for 16 urban settlements in Cornwall.

This data set shows the extent to the study areas.

Town - The name of the area assessed as part of the open space assessment, and for which local standards were set in 2014. Area - The overall area of land covered by the study in square metres.

The World Heritage Site project utlitised historic and modern Ordnance Survey mapping with existing documentary research to define the number of Cornish type, and related, engine house sites across Cornwall and west Devon. The dataset includes extant engine houses, with an assessment of survival and condition where known, and those for which only a map or other documentary reference exists.

For a definition of what comprises a Cornish engine house, see: Sharpe, Lewis, Massie, Johnson (1991) 'Engine House Assessment - Mineral Tramways Project', Truro: Cornwall Archaeological Unit (Cornwall County Council report)

This dataset was created for research purposes and relates only to the date when it was created c.2001-2002. It should not be taken as an accurate and up to date representation of the survival of Cornish type, and related, engine houses on the ground.

Public rights of way shapefile exported from the Exegesis Countryside Access Management System (CAMS).

Status field - 1 = Footpath, 2 = Bridleway, 3 = Byway, 9 = Restricted Byway*.

The public rights of way data displayed is for information and general use purposes only and is not the legal record. The precise position and alignment of public rights of way can only be determined by reference to the Definitive Map and Statement, the legal record of public rights of way, and the data displayed on the attached plan has been produced by capturing and transposing of the Definitive Map onto a larger scale. The Council can accept no responsibility for any error or inaccuracy which may arise from the transposition of the public rights of way shown on the Definitive Map to a different scale.

The absence of a right of way on the Definitive Map does not mean that a right of way does not exist, nor does it guarantee that a public or private right of some other kind has not arisen over the land.

For further details contact the Public Rights of Way section

*The designation restricted byway was introduced as a new type of highway in the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. It is defined as a highway over which the public have restricted byway rights, with or without the right to drive animals of any description. "Restricted byway rights" include a right of way on foot, on horseback or leading a horse and a right of way for vehicles other than mechanically propelled vehicles (this includes a right of way for pedal cycles and horse drawn vehicles).

PRIORITY SYSTEM Cornwall Council, as the Highways Authority, has a duty to keep the entire public rights of way network open and available for use by the public at all times. However, we have chosen to operate a priority system based on a set of criteria that designate all paths as Gold, Silver, Bronze or Dual Status. The priority assigned to the path indicates the comparative level of funding that will be allocated to the path for its maintenance both in terms of the budget provided to parish councils under the Local Maintenance Partnership and through Cornwall Council's provider, Cormac Solutions Limited, for the resolution of defects identified and reported.

Gold priority paths are those that form part of promoted national or regional trails (or provide connections to them), paths within 1km of a settlement of greater than 1,000 people, paths to well established visitor attractions, other paths that are known to be popular, paths that are accessible to those with limited mobility or sensory impairment and bridleways and byways used by equestrians and cyclists. Gold CP paths are those that form part of or provide links to, or from, the South West Coast Path.

Silver priority paths are those that have potential to provide new promoted routes, provide access to attractive landscape features, provide access to CROW Access Land or connect to public transport nodes.

Bronze priority paths are those that are dead ends, run parallel to others that clearly have higher priority, would require excessive investment compared with the value of the route or those that are under legal or definitive map review or possibly subject to diversion or extinguishment orders that negate the investment.

Dual Status paths are those that are also highways maintained at the public expense by the Highways division.

However, all paths, irrespective of priority, will be dealt with as a priority if a high risk (Category 1) health and safety problem is identified through a risk assessment.

OverviewNatural England and the Environment Agency have collaborated to produce a seagrass layer for English waters, which aims to provide a comprehensive geospatial dataset of surveys of both current and historical spatial seagrass. The layer identifies a current seagrass extent; using the best and most recent available evidence and agreed by both organisations.

These datasets have been provided by NE and the EA, as well as a number of third parties. Details of these third parties can be found in the accompanying metadata file.CaveatsThere are two genera of seagrass present in English waters: Ruppia sp. and Zostera sp. Commonly the use of ‘seagrass’ only refers to Zostera sp. (also known as Eelgrass). However, this dataset includes both Ruppia sp. and Zostera sp. If using the layer file, Ruppia sp. are identified by differing symbology. In the raw attribute data, Ruppia sp. and Zostera sp. can be distinguished using the EUNIS codes in the HAB_TYPE field.

Seagrass data is only available where and when surveys have been carried out. Therefore, absence of seagrass in a specific year does not necessarily indicate that seagrass was not present, it may simply mean that no survey was completed that year. Similarly, there may be locations where seagrass is present, but has not been surveyed, and therefore is not represented in this dataset, such as the Medway Estuary.

The seagrass layer only includes polygon data. There may be additional seagrass habitats which only have point data available, these are not included in the seagrass layer.

Identified polygon extents may be affected by survey method. For example, a walking survey may not collect data below a certain depth, and a DDV survey from a boat may not collect data above a certain depth. A survey method field is included in the data, to ensure this can be accounted for.

As data is collected from/using a variety of sources and methods the accuracy of the data varies. A data confidence field is supplied to provide an indication of confidence in the data accuracy. Confidence categories are assigned based on expert judgement and local knowledge. Some historical data has a particularly low confidence and may be assigned with a category of ‘presence only’. Polygons with this confidence should only be used to identify previous seagrass presence, they should not be used to identify previous seagrass extent.MetadataThis dataset contains a collation of current and historic seagrass data by Natural England and the Environment Agency. This includes data collected or commissioned by Natural England, the Environment Agency, or provided by third parties that have allowed their data to be republished under the Open Government Licence (OGL). The dataset identifies a current extent of seagrass which used the best available evidence and has been agreed by both Natural England and the Environment Agency. Before carrying out any analyses using this layer, the associated README file, which provides a list of dataset caveats, should be read. Seagrass beds are an important resource for both carbon storage and biodiversity. They are a designated feature in a number of Marine Protected Areas, used to inform ecological assessment as part of the Water Framework Directive, and are the focus of habitat restoration schemes such as the LIFE Recreation ReMEDIES project.This dataset contains records that qualify as open and therefore can be published under the Open Government Licence (OGL). These records are extracted and collated from the Environment Agency Seagrass Database and Natural England Marine Evidence Base (MEB), is a collated database of both NE and 3rd party surveys. All non-seagrass habitats are excluded from the Seagrass Layer, and datasets are clipped to English waters only. The Environment Agency WFD Areas dataset is used identify which area each seagrass bed lies within. Extraction of data from the NE Marine Evidence Base is based on the dataset identifier, access limitations and data owner as defined within the Marine Metadatabase to ensure that only open datasets are included in the open version. A full list of the survey datasets used in the production of this dataset can be found in the Survey Metadata sheet included with the download.Attribution Statement: © Natural England © Environment Agency. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2022 Contains data from © Joint Nature Conservation Committee © North Eastern Inshore Fisheries & Conservation Authority 2017 © Yorkshire Wildlife Trust © Cornwall County Council © Harwich Haven Authority.The MAGiC version also includes data not included in the download file from © Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife. Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.