On March 4, 2020, the first death as a result of coronavirus (COVID-19) was recorded in the United Kingdom (UK). The number of deaths in the UK has increased significantly since then. As of January 13, 2023, the number of confirmed deaths due to coronavirus in the UK amounted to 202,157. On January 21, 2021, 1,370 deaths were recorded, which was the highest total in single day in the UK since the outbreak began.

Number of deaths among highest in Europe
The UK has had the highest number of deaths from coronavirus in western Europe. In terms of rate of coronavirus deaths, the UK has recorded 297.8 deaths per 100,000 population.

Cases in the UK The number of confirmed cases of coronavirus in the UK was 24,243,393 as of January 13, 2023. The South East has the highest number of first-episode confirmed cases of the virus in the UK with 3,123,050 cases, while London and the North West have 2,912,859 and 2,580,090 confirmed cases respectively. As of January 16, the UK has had 50 new cases per 100,000 in the last seven days.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

The number of deaths registered in England and Wales due to and involving coronavirus (COVID-19). Breakdowns include age, sex, region, local authority, Middle-layer Super Output Area (MSOA), indices of deprivation and place of death. Includes age-specific and age-standardised mortality rates.

Pre-existing conditions of people who died due to COVID-19, broken down by country, broad age group, and place of death occurrence, usual residents of England and Wales.

As of January 12, 2023, COVID-19 has been responsible for 202,157 deaths in the UK overall. The North West of England has been the most affected area in terms of deaths at 28,116, followed by the South East of England with 26,221 coronavirus deaths. Furthermore, there have been 22,264 mortalities in London as a result of COVID-19.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Provisional counts of the number of deaths and age-standardised mortality rates involving the coronavirus (COVID-19), by occupational groups, for deaths registered between 9 March and 28 December 2020 in England and Wales. Figures are provided for males and females.

Based on a comparison of coronavirus deaths in 210 countries relative to their population, Peru had the most losses to COVID-19 up until July 13, 2022. As of the same date, the virus had infected over 557.8 million people worldwide, and the number of deaths had totaled more than 6.3 million. Note, however, that COVID-19 test rates can vary per country. Additionally, big differences show up between countries when combining the number of deaths against confirmed COVID-19 cases. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.

The difficulties of death figures

This table aims to provide a complete picture on the topic, but it very much relies on data that has become more difficult to compare. As the coronavirus pandemic developed across the world, countries already used different methods to count fatalities, and they sometimes changed them during the course of the pandemic. On April 16, for example, the Chinese city of Wuhan added a 50 percent increase in their death figures to account for community deaths. These deaths occurred outside of hospitals and went unaccounted for so far. The state of New York did something similar two days before, revising their figures with 3,700 new deaths as they started to include “assumed” coronavirus victims. The United Kingdom started counting deaths in care homes and private households on April 29, adjusting their number with about 5,000 new deaths (which were corrected lowered again by the same amount on August 18). This makes an already difficult comparison even more difficult. Belgium, for example, counts suspected coronavirus deaths in their figures, whereas other countries have not done that (yet). This means two things. First, it could have a big impact on both current as well as future figures. On April 16 already, UK health experts stated that if their numbers were corrected for community deaths like in Wuhan, the UK number would change from 205 to “above 300”. This is exactly what happened two weeks later. Second, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which countries already have “revised” numbers (like Belgium, Wuhan or New York) and which ones do not. One work-around could be to look at (freely accessible) timelines that track the reported daily increase of deaths in certain countries. Several of these are available on our platform, such as for Belgium, Italy and Sweden. A sudden large increase might be an indicator that the domestic sources changed their methodology.

Where are these numbers coming from?

The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

United Kingdom recorded 24603076 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, United Kingdom reported 225324 Coronavirus Deaths. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Coronavirus Cases.

Provisional age-standardised mortality rates for deaths due to COVID-19 by sex, English regions and Welsh health boards.

Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) for deaths involving COVID-19 by ethnic group, England.

Provisional counts of the number of total deaths and deaths not involving the coronavirus (COVID-19), between 28 December 2019 and 10 July 2020. This includes deaths disaggregated by age and sex; by region of England, and Wales, and place of death; and for underlying causes of death and deaths involving leading causes.

As of February 4, 2022, in the age group 75 to 84 years old COVID-19 was involved in the deaths of 32,780 males and 23,390 females in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, since the pandemic started over 72 thousand deaths in the UK among those aged 85 years and above involved COVID-19. For further information about the COVID-19 pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Provisional data on death registrations and death occurrences in England and Wales, broken down by sex and age. Includes deaths due to coronavirus (COVID-19) and leading causes of death.

The number of deaths, based on a 7-day rolling sum of deaths recorded where a diagnosis of Covid-19 within 28 days of the date of death has been recorded.Please note automatic updates to this dataset was discontinued on 3rd July 2023.

Provisional age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving COVID-19 by sex and month of death registration, for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Due to changes in the collection and availability of data on COVID-19 this page will no longer be updated. The webpage will no longer be available as of 11 May 2023. On-going, reliable sources of data for COVID-19 are available via the COVID-19 dashboard, Office for National Statistics, and the UKHSA This page provides a weekly summary of data on deaths related to COVID-19 published by NHS England and the Office for National Statistics. More frequent reporting on COVID-19 deaths is now available here, alongside data on cases, hospitalisations, and vaccinations. This update contains data on deaths related to COVID-19 from: NHS England COVID-19 Daily Deaths - last updated on 28 June 2022 with data up to and including 27 June 2022. ONS weekly deaths by Local Authority - last updated on 16 August 2022 with data up to and including 05 August 2022. Summary notes about each these sources are provided at the end of this document. Note on interpreting deaths data: statistics from the available sources differ in definition, timing and completeness. It is important to understand these differences when interpreting the data or comparing between sources. Weekly Key Points An additional 24 deaths in London hospitals of patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 and an additional 5 where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate were announced in the week ending 27 June 2022. This compares with 40 and 3 for the previous week. A total of 306 deaths in hospitals of patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 and 27 where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate were announced for England as whole. This compares with 301 and 26 for the previous week. The total number of COVID-19 deaths reported in London hospitals of patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 is now 19,102. The total number of deaths in London hospitals where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate is now 1,590. This compares to figures of 119,237 and 8,197 for English hospitals as a whole. Due to the delay between death occurrence and reporting, the estimated number of deaths to this point will be revised upwards over coming days These figures do not include deaths that occurred outside of hospitals. Data from ONS has indicated that the majority (79%) of COVID-19 deaths in London have taken place in hospitals. Recently announced deaths in Hospitals 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June London No positive test 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 London Positive test 3 7 2 10 0 0 2 Rest of England No positive test 2 6 4 4 0 0 6 Rest of England Positive test 47 49 41 58 6 0 81 16 May 23 May 30 May 06 June 13 June 20 June 27 June London No positive test 14 3 4 0 4 3 5 London Positive test 45 34 55 20 62 40 24 Rest of England No positive test 41 58 33 23 47 23 22 Rest of England Positive test 456 375 266 218 254 261 282 Deaths by date of occurrence 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June London 20,683 20,686 20,690 20,691 20,692 20,692 20,692 Rest of England 106,604 106,635 106,679 106,697 106,713 106,733 106,742 Interpreting the data The data published by NHS England are incomplete due to: delays in the occurrence and subsequent reporting of deaths deaths occurring outside of hospitals not being included The total deaths reported up to a given point are therefore less than the actual number that have occurred by the same point. Delays in reporting NHS provide the following guidance regarding the delay between occurrence and reporting of deaths: Confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis, death notification and reporting in central figures can take up to several days and the hospitals providing the data are under significant operational pressure. This means that the totals reported at 5pm on each day may not include all deaths that occurred on that day or on recent prior days. The data published by NHS England for reporting periods from April 1st onward includes both date of occurrence and date of reporting and so it is possible to illustrate the distribution of these reporting delays. This data shows that approximately 10% of COVID-19 deaths occurring in London hospitals are included in the reporting period ending on the same day, and that approximately two-thirds of deaths were reported by two days after the date of occurrence. Deaths outside of hospitals The data published by NHS England does not include deaths that occur outside of hospitals, i.e. those in homes, hospices, and care homes. ONS have published data for deaths by place of occurrence. This shows that, up to 05 August, 79% of deaths in London recorded as involving COVID-19 occurred in hospitals (this compares with 44% for all causes of death). This would suggest that the NHS England data may underestimate overall deaths from COVID-19 by around 20%. Number of deaths Proportion of deaths Week ending Hospital Care home Home Other Hospital Care home Home Other 06 Mar 2020 1 1 0 0 50% 50% 0% 0% 13 Mar 2020 13 0 4 0 76% 0% 24% 0% 20 Mar 2020 148 9 11 0 88% 5% 7% 0% 27 Mar 2020 610 45 53 14 84% 6% 7% 2% 03 Apr 2020 1,215 132 143 27 80% 9% 9% 2% 10 Apr 2020 1,495 282 162 32 76% 14% 8% 2% 17 Apr 2020 1,076 295 101 29 72% 20% 7% 2% 24 Apr 2020 669 210 72 35 68% 21% 7% 4% 01 May 2020 348 125 43 15 66% 24% 8% 3% 08 May 2020 261 93 29 16 65% 23% 7% 4% 15 May 2020 152 51 22 5 66% 22% 10% 2% 22 May 2020 93 51 10 3 59% 32% 6% 2% 29 May 2020 62 25 7 6 62% 25% 7% 6% 05 Jun 2020 53 23 4 1 65% 28% 5% 1% 12 Jun 2020 27 11 9 3 54% 22% 18% 6% 19 Jun 2020 22 7 6 2 59% 19% 16% 5% 26 Jun 2020 14 14 5 1 41% 41% 15% 3% 03 Jul 2020 10 5 2 5 45% 23% 9% 23% 10 Jul 2020 15 3 0 1 79% 16% 0% 5% 17 Jul 2020 8 7 2 0 47% 41% 12% 0% 24 Jul 2020 15 1 0 2 83% 6% 0% 11% 31 Jul 2020 6 2 1 0 67% 22% 11% 0% 07 Aug 2020 6 2 0 1 67% 22% 0% 11% 14 Aug 2020 7 4 2 1 50% 29% 14% 7% 21 Aug 2020 4 0 0 0 100% 0% 0% 0% 28 Aug 2020 1 2 0 0 33% 67% 0% 0% 04 Sep 2020 3 0 1 0 75% 0% 25% 0% 11 Sep 2020 7 2 0 1 70% 20% 0% 10% 18 Sep 2020 9 2 1 0 75% 17% 8% 0% 25 Sep 2020 23 3 3 0 79% 10% 10% 0% 02 Oct 2020 27 3 2 0 84% 9% 6% 0% 09 Oct 2020 36 3 3 0 86% 7% 7% 0% 16 Oct 2020 41 0 2 0 95% 0% 5% 0% 23 Oct 2020 47 4 4 0 85% 7% 7% 0% 30 Oct 2020 91 3 5 1 91% 3% 5% 1% 06 Nov 2020 93 7 5 2 87% 7% 5% 2% 13 Nov 2020 109 11 10 2 83% 8% 8% 2% 20 Nov 2020 162 5 8 4 91% 3% 4% 2% 27 Nov 2020 175 8 14 5 87% 4% 7% 2% 04 Dec 2020 190 10 13 10 85% 4% 6% 4% 11 Dec 2020 199 9 13 6 88% 4% 6% 3% 18 Dec 2020 267 15 25 4 86% 5% 8% 1% 25 Dec 2020 403 30 43 7 83% 6% 9% 1% 01 Jan 2021 677 35 109 28 80% 4% 13% 3% 08 Jan 2021 959 73 167 36 78% 6% 14% 3% 15 Jan 2021 1,125 84 165 39 80% 6% 12% 3% 22 Jan 2021 1,163 96 142 43 81% 7% 10% 3% 29 Jan 2021 863 82 101 28 80% 8% 9% 3% 05 Feb 2021 605 70 59 38 78% 9% 8% 5% 12 Feb 2021 439 29 49 14 83% 5% 9% 3% 19 Feb 2021 338 29 33 12 82% 7% 8% 3% 26 Feb 2021 214 19 19 11 81% 7% 7% 4% 05 Mar 2021 141 11 19 5 80% 6% 11% 3% 12 Mar 2021 99 9 7 1 85% 8% 6% 1% 19 Mar 2021 65 10 1 1 84% 13% 1% 1% 26 Mar 2021 41 9 4 2 73% 16% 7% 4% 02 Apr 2021 35 5 4 0 80% 11% 9% 0% 09 Apr 2021 29 2 3 0 85% 6% 9% 0% 16 Apr 2021 24 6 2 0 75% 19% 6% 0% 23 Apr 2021 14 1 0 0 93% 7% 0% 0% 30 Apr 2021 13 1 1 0 87% 7% 7% 0% 07 May 2021 14 3 0 0 82% 18% 0% 0% 14 May 2021 6 2 0 0 75% 25% 0% 0% 21 May 2021 8 1 1 0 80% 10% 10% 0% 28 May 2021 11 1 2 1 73% 7% 13% 7% 04 Jun 2021 9 0 0 0 100% 0% 0% 0% 11 Jun 2021 11 3 0 0 79% 21% 0% 0% 18 Jun 2021 11 4 2 1 61% 22% 11% 6% 25 Jun 2021 10 0 0 1 91% 0% 0% 9% 02 Jul 2021 14 1 2 0 82% 6% 12% 0% 09 Jul 2021 12 1 4 1 67% 6% 22% 6% 16 Jul 2021 18 3 2 0 78% 13% 9% 0% 23 Jul 2021 48 0 7 1 86% 0% 12% 2% 30 Jul 2021 49 2 4 4 83% 3% 7% 7% 06 Aug 2021 66 1 9 1 86% 1% 12% 1% 13 Aug 2021 60 1 12 1 81% 1% 16% 1% 20 Aug 2021 84 1 5 1 92% 1% 5% 1% 27 Aug 2021 78 3 10 3 83% 3% 11% 3% 03 Sep 2021 85 3 7 1 89% 3% 7% 1% 10 Sep 2021 83 2 10 2 86% 2% 10% 2% 17 Sep 2021 65 2 9 1 84% 3% 12% 1% 24 Sep 2021 76 5 5 0 88% 6% 6% 0% 01 Oct 2021 88 2 15 1 83% 2% 14% 1% 08 Oct 2021 65 2 7 1 87% 3% 9% 1% 15 Oct 2021 62 1 9 4 82% 1% 12% 5% 22 Oct 2021 64 2 11 2 81% 3% 14% 3% 29 Oct 2021 66 3 11 1 81% 4% 14% 1% 05 Nov 2021 67 3 10 5 79% 4% 12% 6% 12 Nov 2021 84 2 12 1 85% 2% 12% 1% 19 Nov 2021 63 2 2 0 94% 3% 3% 0% 26 Nov 2021 68 2 8 0 87% 3% 10% 0% 03 Dec 2021 72 2 10 1 85% 2% 12% 1% 10 Dec 2021 81 3 12 4 81% 3% 12% 4% 17 Dec 2021 91 1 12 3 85% 1% 11% 3% 24 Dec 2021 101 8 15 3 80% 6% 12% 2% 31 Dec 2021 129 11 19 6 78% 7% 12% 4% 07 Jan 2022 178 18 19 4 81% 8% 9% 2% 14 Jan 2022 194 23 16 14 79% 9% 6% 6% 21 Jan 2022 165 25 11 4 80% 12% 5% 2% 28 Jan 2022 119 20 13 5 76% 13% 8% 3% 04 Feb 2022 97 13 8 2 81% 11% 7% 2% 11 Feb 2022 51 10 6 6 70% 14% 8% 8% 18 Feb 2022 62 6 9 3 78% 8% 11% 4% 25 Feb 2022 55 2 2 1 92% 3% 3% 2% 04 Mar 2022 47 2 2 2 89% 4% 4% 4% 11 Mar 2022 48 3 4 0 87% 5% 7% 0% 18 Mar 2022 60 7 8 4 76% 9% 10% 5% 25 Mar 2022 51 11 5 2 74% 16% 7% 3% 01 Apr 2022 60 8 5 2 80% 11% 7% 3% 08 Apr 2022 78 4 7 3 85% 4% 8% 3% 15 Apr 2022 74 6 6 3 83% 7% 7% 3% 22 Apr 2022 58 10 7 6 72% 12% 9% 7% 29 Apr 2022 39 8 3 4 72% 15% 6% 7% 06 May 2022 44 3 4 0 86% 6% 8% 0% 13 May 2022 29 2 4 2 78% 5% 11% 5% 20 May 2022 16 4 0 2 73% 18% 0% 9% 27 May 2022 34 3 3 1 83% 7% 7% 2% 03 Jun 2022 18 1 1 0 90% 5% 5% 0% 10 Jun 2022 18 1 3 0 82% 5% 14% 0% 17 Jun 2022 22 1 2 0 88% 4% 8% 0% 24 Jun 2022 33 2 3 1 85% 5% 8% 3% 01 Jul 2022 33 2 2 0 89% 5% 5% 0% 08 Jul 2022 51 4 4 4 81% 6% 6% 6% 15 Jul 2022 60 5 4 2 85% 7% 6% 3% 22 Jul 2022 71 9 10 3 76% 10% 11% 3% 29 Jul 2022 48 7 9 0 75% 11% 14% 0% 05 Aug 2022 35 1 3 4 81% 2% 7% 9% Total 18,924 2,390 2,152 634 79% 10% 9% 3% Comparison with all cause mortality Comparison of data sources Note on data sources NHS England provides numbers of patients who have died in hospitals in England and had tested positive for COVID-19, and from 25 April, the number of patients where COVID-19 is mentioned on the death certificate and no positive COVID-19 test result was received. Figures are updated each day at 2pm with deaths reported up to 5pm the previous day. There is a delay between the occurrence of a death to it being captured in the

Provisional counts of the number of deaths registered in England and Wales, including deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), by local authority, health board and place of death in the latest weeks for which data are available. The occurrence tabs in the 2021 edition of this dataset were updated for the last time on 25 October 2022.

Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), non-COVID-19 deaths and all deaths by vaccination status, broken down by age group.

Context

Complete COVID-19 dataset is a collection of the COVID-19 data maintained by Our World in Data. It is updated daily and includes data on confirmed cases, deaths, hospitalizations, testing, and vaccinations as well as other variables of potential interest.

Content

The variables represent all data related to confirmed cases, deaths, hospitalizations, and testing, as well as other variables of potential interest.
the columns are: iso_code, continent, location, date, total_cases, new_cases, new_cases_smoothed, total_deaths, new_deaths, new_deaths_smoothed, total_cases_per_million, new_cases_per_million, new_cases_smoothed_per_million, total_deaths_per_million, new_deaths_per_million, new_deaths_smoothed_per_million, reproduction_rate, icu_patients, icu_patients_per_million, hosp_patients, hosp_patients_per_million, weekly_icu_admissions, weekly_icu_admissions_per_million, weekly_hosp_admissions, weekly_hosp_admissions_per_million, total_tests, new_tests, total_tests_per_thousand, new_tests_per_thousand, new_tests_smoothed, new_tests_smoothed_per_thousand, positive_rate, tests_per_case, tests_units, total_vaccinations, people_vaccinated, people_fully_vaccinated, new_vaccinations, new_vaccinations_smoothed, total_vaccinations_per_hundred, people_vaccinated_per_hundred, people_fully_vaccinated_per_hundred, new_vaccinations_smoothed_per_million, stringency_index, population, population_density, median_age, aged_65_older, aged_70_older, gdp_per_capita, extreme_poverty, cardiovasc_death_rate, diabetes_prevalence, female_smokers, male_smokers, handwashing_facilities, hospital_beds_per_thousand, life_expectancy, human_development_index

Acknowledgements/ Data Source

https://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov/ https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/download-data-hospital-and-icu-admission-rates-and-current-occupancy-covid-19 https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/healthcare https://covid19tracker.ca/ https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state-timeseries https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-testing#our-checklist-for-covid-19-testing-data

COVID-19 rate of death, or the known deaths divided by confirmed cases, was over ten percent in Yemen, the only country that has 1,000 or more cases. This according to a calculation that combines coronavirus stats on both deaths and registered cases for 221 different countries. Note that death rates are not the same as the chance of dying from an infection or the number of deaths based on an at-risk population. By April 26, 2022, the virus had infected over 510.2 million people worldwide, and led to a loss of 6.2 million. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.

Where are these numbers coming from?

The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. Note that Statista aims to also provide domestic source material for a more complete picture, and not to just look at one particular source. Examples are these statistics on the confirmed coronavirus cases in Russia or the COVID-19 cases in Italy, both of which are from domestic sources. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

A word on the flaws of numbers like this

People are right to ask whether these numbers are at all representative or not for several reasons. First, countries worldwide decide differently on who gets tested for the virus, meaning that comparing case numbers or death rates could to some extent be misleading. Germany, for example, started testing relatively early once the country’s first case was confirmed in Bavaria in January 2020, whereas Italy tests for the coronavirus postmortem. Second, not all people go to see (or can see, due to testing capacity) a doctor when they have mild symptoms. Countries like Norway and the Netherlands, for example, recommend people with non-severe symptoms to just stay at home. This means not all cases are known all the time, which could significantly alter the death rate as it is presented here. Third and finally, numbers like this change very frequently depending on how the pandemic spreads or the national healthcare capacity. It is therefore recommended to look at other (freely accessible) content that dives more into specifics, such as the coronavirus testing capacity in India or the number of hospital beds in the UK. Only with additional pieces of information can you get the full picture, something that this statistic in its current state simply cannot provide.

Estimates of the risk of hospital admission for coronavirus (COVID-19) and death involving COVID-19 by vaccination status, overall and by age group, using anonymised linked data from Census 2021. Experimental Statistics.

Outcome definitions

For this analysis, we define a death as involving COVID-19 if either of the ICD-10 codes U07.1 (COVID-19, virus identified) or U07.2 (COVID-19, virus not identified) is mentioned on the death certificate. Information on cause of death coding is available in the User Guide to Mortality Statistics. We use date of occurrance rather than date of registration to give the date of the death.

We define COVID-109 hospitalisation as an inpatient episode in Hospital Episode Statistics where the primary diagnosis was COVID-19, identified by the ICD-19 codes (COVID-19, virus identified) or U07.2 (COVID-19, virus not identified). Where an individual had experienced more than one COVID-19 hospitalisation, the earliest that occurred within the study period was used. We define the date of COVID-19 hospitalisation as the start of the hospital episode.

ICD-10 code

U07.1 :

COVID-19, virus identified

U07.2:

COVID-19, virus not identified

Vaccination status is defined by the dose and the time since the last dose received

Unvaccinated:

no vaccination to less than 21 days post first dose

First dose 21 days to 3 months:

more than or equal to 21 days post second dose to earliest of less than 91 days post first dose or less than 21 days post second dose

First dose 3+ months:

more than or equal to 91 days post first dose to less than 21 days post second dose

Second dose 21 days to 3 months:

more than or equal to 21 days post second dose to earliest of less than 91 days post second dose or less than 21 days post third dose

Second dose 3-6 months:

more than or equal to 91 days post second dose to earliest of less than 182 days post second dose or less than 21 days post third dose

Second dose 6+ months:

more than or equal to 182 days post second dose to less than 21 days post third dose

Third dose 21 days to 3 months:

more than or equal to 21 days post third dose to less than 91 days post third dose

Third dose 3+ months:

more than or equal to 91 days post third dose

Model adjustments

Three sets of model adjustments were used

Age adjusted:

age (as a natural spline)

Age, socio-demographics adjusted:

age (as a natural spline), plus socio-demographic characteristics (sex, region, ethnicity, religion, IMD decile, NSSEC category, highest qualification, English language proficiency, key worker status)

Fully adjusted:

age (as a natural spline), plus socio-demographic characteristics (sex, region, ethnicity, religion, IMD decile, NSSEC category, highest qualification, English language proficiency, key worker status), plus health-related characteristics (disability, self-reported health, care home residency, number of QCovid comorbidities (grouped), BMI category, frailty flag and hospitalisation within the last 21 days.

Age

Age in years is defined on the Census day 2021 (21 March 2021). Age is included in the model as a natural spline with boundary knots at the 10th and 90th centiles and internal knots at the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles. The positions of the knots are calculated separately for the overall model and for each age group for the stratified model.