Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) for deaths involving COVID-19 by ethnic group, England.

Black men and women in the United Kingdom were four times more likely to die from Coronavirus than white people of the same gender as of April 2020. Several other ethnic groups were also at an increased risk from Coronavirus than the white population, with men of Bangladeshi or Pakistani origin 3.6 times more likely, and women 3.4 more likely to die from Coronavirus.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Odds ratios for the risk of dying from the coronavirus (COVID-19) by ethnicity in England and Wales.

Men working in working-class jobs were at a higher risk of dying from Coronavirus in England and Wales, when compared their counterparts working in white-collar professions, as of April 2020. The death rate was highest for men working occupations classified as elementary trades at 27.8 per 100,000 population, compared with just 3.9 for those working in scientific research.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Model estimates of deaths involving the coronavirus (COVID-19) by ethnic group for people in private households in England.

Counts of coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by ethnic group in Wales.

Women working in jobs classified as elementary trade professions were at a higher risk of dying from Coronavirus in England and Wales, when compared other jobs, as of April 2020. Corporate managers and directors had a death rate of 2.6 per 100 thousand women compared with 12.5 for women working in elementary trades.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS) is a national survey that documents the experiences and attitudes of ethnic and religious minorities in Britain. EVENS was developed by the Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) in response to the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 and is the largest and most comprehensive survey of the lives of ethnic and religious minorities in Britain for more than 25 years. EVENS used pioneering, robust survey methods to collect data in 2021 from 14,200 participants of whom 9,700 identify as from an ethnic or religious minority. The EVENS main dataset, which is available from the UK Data Service under SN 9116, covers a large number of topics including racism and discrimination, education, employment, housing and community, health, ethnic and religious identity, and social and political participation.

The EVENS Teaching Dataset provides a selection of variables in an accessible form to support the use of EVENS in teaching across a range of subjects and levels of study. The dataset includes demographic data and variables to support the analysis of:

• racism and belonging
• health and well-being during COVID-19
• political attitudes and trust.

Racism, belonging, impact of COVID-19, health, well-being, financial position, political attitudes and trust.

According to a report conducted in the United Kingdom in 2020, 50 percent of white women and 46 percent of Black and minority women said they had experienced abuse based on their gender. Additionally, 42 percent of Black and minoritized respondents of color reported having experienced abuse based on their ethnic background. Black women and women of color were also more likely to be targeted by online abuse based on their religion and gender identity.

BackgroundMinority ethnic groups are at increased risk of COVID-19 related mortality or morbidity yet continue to have a disproportionally lower uptake of the vaccine. The importance of adherence to prevention and control measures to keep vulnerable populations and their families safe therefore remains crucial. This research sought to examine the knowledge, perceived risk, and attitudes toward COVID-19 among an ethnically diverse community.MethodsA cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was implemented to survey ethnic minority participants purposefully recruited from Luton, an ethnically diverse town in the southeast of England. The questionnaire was structured to assess participants knowledge, perceived risk, attitudes toward protective measures as well as the sources of information about COVID-19. The questionnaire was administered online via Qualtrics with the link shared through social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Questionnaires were also printed into brochures and disseminated via community researchers and community links to individuals alongside religious, community and outreach organisations. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical techniques, with the significance threshold for all analyses assumed at p = 0.05.Findings1,058 participants (634; 60% females) with a median age of 38 (IQR, 22) completed the survey. National TV and social networks were the most frequently accessed sources of COVID-19 related information; however, healthcare professionals, whilst not widely accessed, were viewed as the most trusted. Knowledge of transmission routes and perceived susceptibility were significant predictors of attitudes toward health-protective practises.Conclusion/recommendationImproving the local information provision, including using tailored communication strategies that draw on trusted sources, including healthcare professionals, could facilitate understanding of risk and promote adherence to health-protective actions.

Estimates from the Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study, 2020, UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and Wealth and Assets Survey (WAS) to explore the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on people from different ethnic groups in the UK.

Approximately one quarter of the UK population have a migration background (first- or second-generation immigrants). Some ethnic minority groups are more likely to be in atypical or flexible employment than the White British majority. In particular during a time of health and economic crisis, such as the COVID–19 pandemic, those ethnic groups were expected to be economically more vulnerable than other groups. This study shows the increased vulnerability of some ethnic minority groups during COVID–19 by looking at their labour market outcomes compared to White British. Specifically, we ask whether it was their disproportionate presence in flexible employment or in shut-down occupations that made some ethnic minority groups vulnerable to adverse labour market outcomes during the COVID–19 recession? Using the COVID–19 recession in the UK as a case study, we employ weighted linear probability models with 2021 data from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS) to look at changes in economic indicators across ethnic groups and gender. We report heterogeneity in flexible employment rates within the non-White group and between the non-White and the White British group. By using a conditional decomposition method, we aim to show that those ethnic minority groups who were disproportionately on flexible contracts experienced worse economic effects than the White British group. The collection consists of the Stata Do-File which can be used to reproduce the study.

Was it their disproportionate presence in flexible employment or in shut-down occupations that made some ethnic minority groups vulnerable to adverse labour market outcomes during the COVID–19 recession? Using the COVID–19 recession in the UK as a case study, we employ weighted linear probability models with 2021 data from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS) to look at changes in economic indicators across ethnic groups and gender. We report heterogeneity in flexible employment rates within the non-White group and between the non-White and the White British group. By using a conditional decomposition method, we conclude that those ethnic minority groups who were disproportionately on flexible contracts experienced worse economic effects than the White British group.

PIONEER: The impact of ethnicity and multi-morbidity on COVID-related outcomes; a primary care supplemented hospitalised dataset Dataset number 3.0

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in January 2020. Currently, there have been more than 65million cases and more than 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Some individuals experience severe manifestations of infection, including viral pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Evidence suggests that older patients, those from some ethnic minority groups and those with multiple long-term health conditions have worse outcomes. This secondary care COVID dataset contains granular demographic and morbidity data, supplemented from primary care records, to add to the understanding of patient factors on disease outcomes.

PIONEER geography The West Midlands (WM) has a population of 5.9 million & includes a diverse ethnic & socio-economic mix. There is a higher than average percentage of minority ethnic groups. WM has a large number of elderly residents but is the youngest population in the UK. Each day >100,000 people are treated in hospital, see their GP or are cared for by the NHS. The West Midlands was one of the hardest hit regions for COVID admissions in both wave 1 and 2.

EHR. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB) is one of the largest NHS Trusts in England, providing direct acute services & specialist care across four hospital sites, with 2.2 million patient episodes per year, 2750 beds & 100 ITU beds. UHB runs a fully electronic healthcare record (EHR) (PICS; Birmingham Systems), a shared primary & secondary care record (Your Care Connected) & a patient portal “My Health”. UHB has cared for >5000 COVID admissions to date.

Scope: All COVID swab confirmed hospitalised patients to UHB from January – May 2020. The dataset includes highly granular patient demographics & co-morbidities taken from ICD-10 & SNOMED-CT codes but also primary care records and clinic letters. Serial, structured data pertaining to care process (timings, staff grades, specialty review, wards), presenting complaint, acuity, all physiology readings (pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturations), all blood results, microbiology, all prescribed & administered treatments (fluids, antibiotics, inotropes, vasopressors, organ support), all outcomes. Linked images available (radiographs, CT, MRI, ultrasound).

Available supplementary data: Health data preceding and following admission event. Matched “non-COVID” controls; ambulance, 111, 999 data, synthetic data.

Available supplementary support: Analytics, Model build, validation & refinement; A.I.; Data partner support for ETL (extract, transform & load) process, Clinical expertise, Patient & end-user access, Purchaser access, Regulatory requirements, Data-driven trials, “fast screen” services.

Virus Watch will provide data relevant to a wide range of audiences involved in pandemic response. Virus Watch has collected personal and special category data.

Baseline survey – the baseline survey collects basic demographic information including sex, date of birth, age in years, ethnicity. It also includes details of the household structure, socioeconomic status including household income. The survey also collects health data used for the study including existing medical conditions (general and COVID-related) and access to health during the pandemic.

Weekly survey – the weekly survey collects data about any illnesses within the household during each week and the results of any COVID tests performed. The survey collects information on behaviours during illness of the household. Since Jan 2021, the weekly survey has also collected data on vaccination status of household members.

Monthly surveys – the monthly surveys collect regular data on contact patterns of household throughout the pandemic, regardless of symptoms or illnesses in the household. Each month additional bespoke questions have been asked in the monthly surveys in order to inform important policy questions at the time.

Laboratory data – the laboratory data includes information on the results of antibody tests for a subset of participants including nucleocapsid and spike antibody levels. It also includes PCR results for participants that took part in home COVID testing for Virus Watch.

The COVID-19 Health Inequalities Monitoring in England (CHIME) tool brings together data relating to the direct impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) on factors such as mortality rates, hospital admissions, confirmed cases and vaccinations.

By presenting inequality breakdowns – including by age, sex, ethnic group, level of deprivation and region – the tool provides a single point of access to:

• show how inequalities have changed during the course of the pandemic and what the current cumulative picture is
• bring together data in one tool to enable users to access and use the intelligence more easily
• provide indicators with a consistent methodology across different data sets to facilitate understanding
• support users to identify and address inequalities within their areas, and identify priority areas for recovery

In the September 2022 update, data have been updated for deaths, hospital admissions and vaccinations. Data for confirmed cases are no longer being updated in the tool and March 2022 remains the most recent data point.

Confirmed cases for ethnic groups, which had previously only been available to December 2021, have now been updated to March 2022. Two changes have been implemented for confirmed cases by ethnic group. The change in https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/2022/02/04/changing-the-covid-19-case-definition/" class="govuk-link">COVID-19 case definition, which was made in February 2022, has now been implemented. The method of assigning an ethnic group for confirmed cases has also changed. These changes have resulted in revisions to the trends reported for confirmed cases for all ethnic groups. Methods of assigning ethnicity for data within CHIME are documented

Changes have also been made to the confirmed case rates presented for all ages, with age-standardised rates replaced by crude mortality rates.

The next updates will be 09:30 on 15 December 2022.

Rates of deaths involving the coronavirus (COVID-19) by comorbidity and ethnic group in England.