Through the duration of March 2020, the share of Brits who were scared of contracting coronavirus (COVID-19) increased, although by April 2020 the fear of contracting the virus had leveled. In the first survey wave was found that 19 percent of British adults were fairly scared of contracting the virus, by April 17, this share had increased to 42 percent . The share of Brits are not at all scared of contracting coronavirus has decreased from 26 percent to eight percent.

During the first covid-19 wave of infections in Mar of 2020, many of the services of the NHS were severely restricted. In view of a potential upcoming 2021wave, we sought to re-visit the impact of these first wave restrictions on the provision of neurosurgical services in a single large tertiary neurosurgery centre.

As of June 28, 2020, in the United Kingdom, it was found that around 47 percent of survey respondents had been actively avoiding going to hospitals or other healthcare settings to protect themselves and others from the coronavirus (COVID-19), although this share is a fairly large net decrease since the first survey wave.

The latest number of cases in the UK can be found here. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Understanding Society, (UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex and the survey research organisations Verian Group (formerly Kantar Public) and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

Understanding Society (UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex and the survey research organisations Kantar Public and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

The Understanding Society COVID-19 Study, 2020-2021 is a regular survey of households in the UK. The aim of the study is to enable research on the socio-economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the short and long term. The surveys started in April 2020 and took place monthly until July 2020. From September 2020 they took place every other month until March 2021 and the final wave was fielded in September 2021. They complement the annual interviews of the Understanding Society study. The data can be linked to data on the same individuals from previous waves of the annual interviews (SN 6614) using the personal identifier pidp. However, the most recent pre-pandemic (2019) annual interviews for all respondents who have taken part in the COVID-19 Study are included as part of this data release. Please refer to the User Guide for further information on linking in this way and for geographical information options.

Latest edition information

For the eleventh edition (December 2021), revised April, May, June, July, September, November 2020, January 2021 and March 2021 data files for the adult survey have been deposited. These files have been amended to address issues identified during ongoing quality assurance activities. All documentation has been updated to explain the revisions, and users are advised to consult the documentation for details. In addition new data from the September 2021 web survey have been deposited.

Given the outbreak of the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), pandemic during March 2020, lockdown measures taken by governments have forced many families, especially those who have children, to re-arrange domestic and market work division. In this study, I investigate the factors associated with partnered and employed individuals’ involvement with housework during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom. Drawing evidence from the first wave of the Covid-19 Survey from the Five National Longitudinal Studies dataset with using OLS regressions, this study found that daily working hours, socioeconomic status, and partner’s key worker status are important indicators of daily time spent on housework. Furthermore, interaction analysis showed that women living with a key worker partner not only did more housework than women whose partner was working in a regular job, but they also did more housework than men living with a key worker partner during the lockdown. Policy implications of regulating maximum daily working hours and key worker status are discussed in the context of re-arranging paid and unpaid work between couples during the first lockdown in the United Kingdom.

Citation: Sönmez, I ̇brahim. 2021. A Missed Opportunity for Men? Partnered and Employed Individuals’ Involvement with Housework during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK. SocialSciences10: 135. https:// doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040135

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global public health crisis that continues to exert immense pressure on healthcare and related professional staff and services. The impact on staff wellbeing is likely to be influenced by a combination of modifiable and non-modifiable factors.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-reported wellbeing, resilience, and job satisfaction of National Health Service (NHS) and university staff working in the field of healthcare and medical research.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional survey of NHS and UK university staff throughout the COVID-19 pandemic between May-November 2020. The anonymous and voluntary survey was disseminated through social media platforms, and via e-mail to members of professional and medical bodies. The data was analyzed using descriptive and regression (R) statistics.ResultsThe enjoyment of work and satisfaction outside of work was significantly negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic for all of staff groups independent of other variables. Furthermore, married women reporting significantly lower wellbeing than married men (P = 0.028). Additionally, the wellbeing of single females was significantly lower than both married women and men (P = 0.017 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Gender differences were also found in satisfaction outside of work, with women reporting higher satisfaction than men before the COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.0002).ConclusionOur study confirms that the enjoyment of work and general satisfaction of staff members has been significantly affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, being married appears to be a protective factor for wellbeing and resilience but the effect may be reversed for life satisfaction outside work. Our survey highlights the critical need for further research to examine gender differences using a wider range of methods.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

As the UK went into the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, the team behind the biggest social survey in the UK, Understanding Society (UKHLS), developed a way to capture these experiences. From April 2020, participants from this Study were asked to take part in the Understanding Society COVID-19 survey, henceforth referred to as the COVID-19 survey or the COVID-19 study.

The COVID-19 survey regularly asked people about their situation and experiences. The resulting data gives a unique insight into the impact of the pandemic on individuals, families, and communities. The COVID-19 Teaching Dataset contains data from the main COVID-19 survey in a simplified form. It covers topics such as

• Socio-demographics
• Whether working at home and home-schooling
• COVID symptoms
• Health and well-being
• Social contact and neighbourhood cohesion
• Volunteering

The resource contains two data files:

• Cross-sectional: contains data collected in Wave 4 in July 2020 (with some additional variables from other waves);
• Longitudinal: Contains mainly data from Waves 1, 4 and 9 with key variables measured at three time points.

Key features of the dataset

• Missing values: in the web survey, participants clicking "Next" but not answering a question were given further options such as "Don't know" and "Prefer not to say". Missing observations like these are recorded using negative values such as -1 for "Don't know". In many instances, users of the data will need to set these values as missing. The User Guide includes Stata and SPSS code for setting negative missing values to system missing.

• The Longitudinal file is a balanced panel and is in wide format. A balanced panel means it only includes participants that took part in every wave. In wide format, each participant has one row of information, and each measurement of the same variable is a different variable.

• Weights: both the cross-sectional and longitudinal files include survey weights that adjust the sample to represent the UK adult population. The cross-sectional weight (betaindin_xw) adjusts for unequal selection probabilities in the sample design and for non-response. The longitudinal weight (ci_betaindin_lw) adjusts for the sample design and also for the fact that not all those invited to participate in the survey, do participate in all waves.

• Both the cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets include the survey design variables (psu and strata).

A full list of variables in both files can be found in the User Guide appendix.

Who is in the sample?

All adults (16 years old and over as of April 2020), in households who had participated in at least one of the last two waves of the main study Understanding Society, were invited to participate in this survey. From the September 2020 (Wave 5) survey onwards, only sample members who had completed at least one partial interview in any of the first four web surveys were invited to participate. From the November 2020 (Wave 6) survey onwards, those who had only completed the initial survey in April 2020 and none since, were no longer invited to participate

The User guide accompanying the data adds to the information here and includes a full variable list with details of measurement levels and links to the relevant questionnaire.

Main Topics:

• Socio-demographics;
• Whether working at home and home-schooling;
• COVID symptoms;
• Health and well-being;
• Social contact and neighbourhood cohesion;
• Volunteering.

The unprecedented events of the COVID-19 pandemic have generated an enormous amount of information and populated the Web with new content relevant to the pandemic and its implications. Images are often interpreted as being closer to the truth as compared to other forms of communication, because of their physical representation of an event such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This dataset includes the image search queries related to the first wave of pandemic, provided by crowdworkers across four regions of Europe that were severely affected by the first wave of pandemic (UK, Germany, Italy, Spain). To collect the queries, we run two crowdsourcing tasks as also described in the paper. The dataset includes the merging of the queries from both tasks for each of the four countries. We identified all the unique queries collected from the participants in each country and computed the number of appearances for each unique query without considering any duplicates of the same user, i.e. frequency.

As of May 2, 2023, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had spread to almost every country in the world, and more than 6.86 million people had died after contracting the respiratory virus. Over 1.16 million of these deaths occurred in the United States.

Waves of infections Almost every country and territory worldwide have been affected by the COVID-19 disease. At the end of 2021 the virus was once again circulating at very high rates, even in countries with relatively high vaccination rates such as the United States and Germany. As rates of new infections increased, some countries in Europe, like Germany and Austria, tightened restrictions once again, specifically targeting those who were not yet vaccinated. However, by spring 2022, rates of new infections had decreased in many countries and restrictions were once again lifted.

What are the symptoms of the virus? It can take up to 14 days for symptoms of the illness to start being noticed. The most commonly reported symptoms are a fever and a dry cough, leading to shortness of breath. The early symptoms are similar to other common viruses such as the common cold and flu. These illnesses spread more during cold months, but there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that temperature impacts the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Medical advice should be sought if you are experiencing any of these symptoms.

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung condition characterised by progressive lung function limitation. COPD is an umbrella term and encompasses a spectrum of pathophysiologies including chronic bronchitis, small airways disease and emphysema. COPD caused an estimated 3 million deaths worldwide in 2016, and is estimated to be the third leading cause of death worldwide. The British Lung Foundation (BLF) estimates that the disease costs the NHS around £1.9 billion per year. COPD is therefore a significant public health challenge. This dataset explores the impact of hospitalisation in patients with COPD during the COVID pandemic.

PIONEER geography The West Midlands (WM) has a population of 5.9 million & includes a diverse ethnic & socio-economic mix. There is a higher than average percentage of minority ethnic groups. WM has a large number of elderly residents but is the youngest population in the UK. There are particularly high rates of physical inactivity, obesity, smoking & diabetes. The West Midlands has a high prevalence of COPD, reflecting the high rates of smoking and industrial exposure. Each day >100,000 people are treated in hospital, see their GP or are cared for by the NHS.

EHR. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB) is one of the largest NHS Trusts in England, providing direct acute services & specialist care across four hospital sites, with 2.2 million patient episodes per year, 2750 beds & 100 ITU beds. UHB runs a fully electronic healthcare record (EHR) (PICS; Birmingham Systems), a shared primary & secondary care record (Your Care Connected) & a patient portal “My Health”.

Scope: All hospitalised patients admitted to UHB during the COVID-19 pandemic first wave, curated to focus on COPD. Longitudinal & individually linked, so that the preceding & subsequent health journey can be mapped & healthcare utilisation prior to & after admission understood. The dataset includes ICD-10 & SNOMED-CT codes pertaining to COPD and COPD exacerbations, as well as all co-morbid conditions. Serial, structured data pertaining to process of care (timings, staff grades, specialty review, wards), presenting complaint, all physiology readings (pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturations), all blood results, microbiology, all prescribed & administered treatments (fluids, nebulisers, antibiotics, inotropes, vasopressors, organ support), all outcomes. Linked images available (radiographs, CT).

Available supplementary data: More extensive data including wave 2 patients in non-OMOP form. Ambulance, 111, 999 data, synthetic data.

Available supplementary support: Analytics, Model build, validation & refinement; A.I.; Data partner support for ETL (extract, transform & load) process, Clinical expertise, Patient & end-user access, Purchaser access, Regulatory requirements, Data-driven trials, “fast screen” services.

In Great Britain, the share of people who have been only leaving their house for essential reasons* during the coronavirus lockdown has been decreasing since the start of April 2020. In the first survey wave, 85 percent of respondents said they only left for essential reasons, by May 17 this share had dropped to 80 percent. The latest number of cases in the UK can be found here. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Background: Sex and gender are important modifiers of mental health and behavior in normal times and during crises. We investigated whether they were addressed by empirical, international research that explored the mental health and health behavior ramifications after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We systematically searched the databases PsyArXiv, PubMed, PsycInfo, Psyndex, PubPsych, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies assessing mental health outcomes (main outcomes) as well as potential risk and protective health behavior (additional outcomes) up to July 2, 2020.Findings: Most of the 80 publications fulfilling the selection criteria reflected the static difference perspective treating sex and gender as dichotomous variables. The focus was on internalizing disorders (especially anxiety and depression) burdening women in particular, while externalizing disorders were neglected. Sex- and gender-specific evaluation of mental healthcare use has also been lacking. With respect to unfavorable health behavior in terms of adherence to prescribed protective measures, men constitute a risk group.Interpretations: Women remain a vulnerable group burdened by multiple stresses and mental health symptoms. The neglect of sex- and gender-specific evaluation of aggression-related disorders, substance addiction, and mental healthcare use in the early stage represents a potentially dangerous oversight.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020192026, PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020192026.

Cox proportional risk analysis for mortality of all intubated and ventilated patients across both UK waves of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, schools in England closed their buildings to all but vulnerable pupils and the children of key workers on 20 March 2020, representing an unprecedented disruption to the education of children and young people. This project explores schools' responses to the Covid-19 emergency and the impact this is having on pupils and teachers. Data will be collected via two school surveys, each administered to the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) Teacher Voice panel, and all remaining publicly-funded mainstream primary and secondary schools in England. The survey is offered for completion by a senior leader and a number of teachers within each school. The first survey (Wave 1) was administered in schools between 7 and 17 May 2020. The second (Wave 2), focused on the challenges schools would face from September, and was administered between 8 and 15 July.

Further information and research findings may be found on the NFER Schools' responses to Covid-19 webpage.

Latest edition information
For the second edition (December 2020), data and documentation for Wave 2 were added to the study.

Main Topics:

Senior Leaders' survey:

Wave 1:

• Mechanisms for supporting remote learning
• Curriculum, teaching and learning and assessment via remote learning
• In-school provision for vulnerable children and the children of keyworkers
• Remote support for vulnerable pupils who are not attending school
• Job satisfaction
• Preparing schools for opening more fully
• Personal characteristics

Wave 2:

• The school’s provision during the Covid-19 crisis
• 'Catch-up' arrangements
• Preparing for the new school year
• Staffing in the school
• Personal characteristics

Teachers' survey:

Wave 1:

• Mechanisms for supporting remote learning
• Curriculum, teaching and learning
• Provision for vulnerable children and the children of keyworkers
• Job satisfaction
• Personal characteristics

Wave 2:

• Questions about teaching and learning during the Covid-19 crisis
• Identifying pupils' needs and deciding where support is most needed
• Personal characteristics

Objective
To determine how the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic affected outcomes for all operatively managed neurosurgical patients, not only those positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Design
Matched cohort (pairwise method).

Setting
A single tertiary neurosurgical referral centre at a large UK Major Trauma Centre.

Participants
During the first COVID-19 wave, 231 neurosurgical cases were performed. These cases were matched to cases from 2019. Cases were matched for age (±10 years), primary pathology and surgical procedure. Cases were excluded from analysis if either the age could not be matched to within 10 years, or the primary pathology or procedure was too unique. After exclusions, 191 cases were included in final analysis

Outcome measures
Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications. Secondary outcomes included Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) on discharge, length of stay (LoS), operative and anaesthetic times and grade of primary surgeon. An exploratory outcome was the SARS-CoV-2 status of patients.

Results
There was no significant difference between the pandemic and matched cohorts in 30-day mortality, pulmonary complications, discharge GOS, LoS, operative or anaesthetic times. There was a significant difference in the variation of grade of primary surgeon. Only 2.2% (n=5) of patients had a SARS-CoV-2 positive swab.

Conclusion
During the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality, morbidity and functional outcomes of operatively managed neurosurgical patients at University Hospitals Birmingham were not significantly affected compared with normal practice. The grade of primary surgeon was significantly more senior and adds to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates how the pandemic has negatively impacted UK surgical training. Mixing COVID-19 positive, unknown and negative cases did not significantly impact on outcomes and indicates that further research is required to support the implementation of evidence-based surgical pathways, such as COVID-light sites, throughout the next stage of the pandemic.

UKHLS COVID-19 waves C1-C4, the first COVID infection wave (N = 1,387 participants, n = 4,883 observations).

We performed longitudinal blood sampling of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients with COVID-19, collecting samples pre-infection and serially during infection. SomaLogic proteomics data were generated for two cohorts. The Wave 1 cohort consists of samples collected from ESKD patients during the first wave of COVID-19 in early 2020, while samples were collected for the Wave 2 cohort in the following year. A full analysis of the dataset is presented in the Nature Communications manuscript (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35454-4).

The Community Life Survey (CLS) is a household survey conducted in England, tracking the latest trends and developments across areas key to encouraging social action and empowering communities, including: volunteering and charitable giving; views about the local area; community cohesion and belonging; community empowerment and participation; influencing local decisions and affairs; and subjective well-being and loneliness.

The CLS was first commissioned by the Cabinet Office in 2012. From 2016-17, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) took over responsibility for publishing results. During 2020, the DCMS also commissioned the Community Life COVID-19 Re-contact Survey (CLRS) (SN 8781) to provide data on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected volunteering, charitable giving, social cohesion, wellbeing and loneliness in England.

Background
Up to 2015-16, the survey used a face-to-face methodology. Following thorough testing (experimental online versions of the survey were released for 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16), the CLS moved online from 2016-17 onwards, with an end to the previous face-to-face method. The survey uses a push-to-web methodology (with paper mode for those who are not digitally engaged). The survey informs and directs policy and action in these areas;

• to provide data of value to all users, including public bodies, external stakeholders and the public; and
• underpin further research and debate on building stronger communities.

The Community Life Survey incorporates a small number of priority measures from the Citizenship Survey, which ran from 2001-2011, conducted by the then Department for Communities and Local Government. These measures were incorporated in the Community Life Survey so that trends in these issues could continue to be tracked over time. (The full Citizenship Survey series is held at the UK Data Archive under GNs 33347 and 33474.)

Further information may be found on the GOV.UK https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/community-life-survey">Community Life Survey webpage.

Community Life COVID-19 Re-contact Survey, 2020
The re-contact survey (CLRS) is a follow-up to the Community Life Survey (CLS). The DCMS commissioned the CLRS to provide data on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected volunteering, charitable giving, social cohesion, wellbeing and loneliness in England. The two waves of data are based on the 2,812 respondents who participated in both waves of the research:

• Wave 1 (pre-pandemic) survey respondents who participated in the CLS from July 2018 through to February 2020.
• Wave 2 (during the pandemic) survey: respondents who took part in a follow-up survey from 7-26 July 2020.

Further information may be found in the https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/community-life-covid-19-re-contact-survey-2020-main-report/2-methodology-and-interpretation-community-life-recontact-survey-2020">Community Life COVID-19 Re-contact Survey 2020- Main Report and the https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/community-life-covid-19-re-contact-survey-2020-main-report/2-methodology-and-interpretation-community-life-recontact-survey-2020">Methodology and Interpretation - Community Life COVID-19 Re-Contact Survey 2020 report.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Young Lives survey is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam and has tracked the lives of 12,000 children over a 20-year period, through 5 (in-person) survey rounds (Round 1-5) and, with the latest survey round (Round 6) conducted over the phone in 2020 and 2021 as part of the Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey.
Round 1 of Young Lives surveyed two groups of children in each country, at 1 year old and 5 years old. Round 2 returned to the same children who were then aged 5 and 12 years old. Round 3 surveyed the same children again at aged 7-8 years and 14-15 years, Round 4 surveyed them at 12 and 19 years old, and Round 5 surveyed them at 15 and 22 years old. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.

The 2020 phone survey consists of three phone calls (Call 1 administered in June-July 2020; Call 2 in August-October 2020 and Call 3 in November-December 2020) and the 2021 phone survey consists of two additional phone calls (Call 4 in August 2021 and Call 5 in October-December 2021) The calls took place with each Young Lives respondent, across both the younger and older cohort, and in all four study countries (reaching an estimated total of around 11,000 young people).
The Young Lives survey is carried out by teams of local researchers, supported by the Principal Investigator and Data Manager in each country.

Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the Young Lives website.

The Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey, First Call, Second Call and Third Call, 2020 is an adapted version of the Round 6 survey with additional questions to directly assess the impact of COVID-19. The survey consists of three phone calls with each of our Young Lives respondents, across both the younger and older cohorts, and in all four study countries (reaching an estimated total of around 11,000 young people).

The Phone Survey will enable Young Lives to inform policy makers on the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, and together with data collected in further survey rounds, Young Lives will be able to assess the medium and long term implications of the crisis. Further information is available on the Young Lives at Work webpage.

The Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey, First Call, Second Call and Third Call, 2020 is held at the UK Data Archive under SN 8678 and the Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey Calls 1-5 Constructed Files, 2020-2021 is held under SN 9070.

Latest edition information:
For the fourth edition (July 2022), region and cluster location variables have been added to the main survey datasets for all four countries, across the three phone surveys. Food security variables have also been added to the Second and Third Call datasets. A small inconsistency in the labelling of the typesite variable (urban/rural) has also been corrected. Additionally, documents related to copyright and survey references have been added, as well as a technical note related to the food security variables.
Main Topics:

The Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey, First Call, 2020 data covers the following main topic areas:

• information about the household (roster, demographics)
• knowledge and information about COVID-19
• effect on health
• effect on household labour
• effect on education
• effect on caring responsibilities
• government support
• subjective well-being

The Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey, Second Call, 2020 data covers the following main topic areas:

• COVID-19: Behaviours and risk perceptions
• socio-economic status
• recent life history and economic changes
• food security and prices
• individual health
• current education
• time use
• employment and earnings
• subjective wellbeing and mental health

The Listening to Young Lives at Work: COVID-19 Phone Survey, Third Call, 2020 data covers the following main topic areas:

• current education
• food security and other events
• mental health
• employment
• trust, solidarity, collective action and cooperation