U.S. experts predict a smaller winter COVID wave, posing challenges for Pfizer amid declining revenues, emphasizing the need to diversify non-COVID products.

According to the survey conducted in June 2020 among adults in Hong Kong, around 58 percent of respondents said they were worried about a second wave of local COVID-19 outbreak. Approximately 5.8 percent of respondents were not concerned about another pandemic outbreak in the city.

What impact has the COVID-19 pandemic had on Italians' attitudes, opinions, and behaviors? From this question, the ResPOnsE COVID-19 project (Response of Italian Public Opinion to the COVID-19 Emergency) was developed starting in March 2020, with the aim of building a research infrastructure for the daily monitoring of public opinion during the COVID-19 emergency. The collection of daily information through online interviews (CAWI) to a sample reflecting the distribution of the Italian population by gender and area of residence was divided into four surveys that took place between April 2020 and July 2023, for a total of more than 40,000 interviews. The infrastructure was designed by the spsTREND "Hans Schadee" laboratory in collaboration with the SWG institute, as part of the "Departments of Excellence 2018-2022" project promoted by the Ministry of University and Research and is supported by funding from the Cariplo Foundation. Overall Research Design The research design included six surveys (waves) following a repeated cross-sectional design, consistent with the dynamic nature of the pandemic phenomenon. The six waves of ResPOnsE COVID-19 are distributed as follows. First wave: from April 6 to July 6, 2020 (~15000 cases) Second wave: from December 21, 2020 to January 2, 2021 (~3000 cases) Third wave: from March 17 to June 16, 2021 (~9300 cases) Fourth wave: from November 10 to December 22, 2021 (~3000 cases) Fifth wave: from November 7 to December 22, 2022 (~9000 cases) Sixth wave: from June 6 to July 6, 2023 (~3000 cases) Rolling Cross-Section and Panel Design The first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth waves collect interviews through a Rolling Cross-Section (RCS) design, that is consecutive daily samples for a relatively long period (in this case 1 to 3 months). In addition, about 60% of subjects were interviewed twice between the first and the sixth wave, thus allowing longitudinal analysis of intra-individual variations that occurred between 2020 and 2023. An RCS survey can be viewed as a cross-sectional survey of a single sample that is, however, "sliced" into many equivalent small subgroups that are released on consecutive days. On the day of release, individuals belonging to a particular sub-group are invited to participate in the survey. The distinguishing feature of the RCS design, however, is that these individuals can also respond in the days following the delivery of the invitation. Hence comes the term "rolling" meaning that the overall sample "rolls" through the days of the survey, making time (days) a random variable. The daily samples are mutually independent and the estimates derived for each are comparable. In this way, the RCS design is optimal for studying trends in the case of time-varying phenomena. For details, see the articles by Vezzoni et al. (2020) and Biolcati et al. (2021). Questionnaire structure The questionnaire administered in the ResPOnsE COVID-19 survey consists of a main questionnaire, containing a core set of questions repeated in each of the six surveys, and one or more thematic modules that may change with each survey. The main questionnaire consists of eleven thematic sections covering the entire survey period. Most of the questions in the questionnaire were repeated in the six surveys, while some questions were eliminated/changed or new ones were introduced in the transition to a new survey. Covering the entire survey period, the basic module is particularly suitable for diachronic analysis, while the structure of the thematic modules, usually collected over a few weeks, suggests an analysis of them with a cross-sectional approach. Source questionnaires in Italian are available for download. The sample The target population consists of Italian residents aged 18 years and older. In the RCS waves, on average, between 100 and 150 interviews were conducted each day, corresponding to about 1,000 interviews per week for the first and the two last surveys and about 700 for the third and fourth surveys (the interviews in the second survey were actually concentrated in a single week), for a total of 42,860 interviews. Given time and resource constraints, probabilistic sampling could not be used. Instead, the samples are drawn from an online community of a commercial research institute (SWG SpA). To correct against expected bias, the sample is stratified by ISTAT macro-area of residence and composed of quotas defined by gender and age. Weights have also been created for carryover to the population. Detailed instructions on using the weights can be downloaded together with the data files. The survey also includes a panel component: about 60 percent of subjects (n = 12,801) were interviewed at least twice between the first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth waves. Over-sampling was also conducted for the Lombardy region, for which 1124 additional cases are available in the third wave Macro level data The cumulative data file also includes official macro-level...

Abstract

The COVID 19 outbreak lead to significant challenges. From efforts to contain the spread of the virus to policy aimed at dampening the economic pain of the virus, policy makers have been presented with numerous decisions. In support of informing these efforts in Georgia, CRRC Georgia conducted six surveys between late April and early June, with the support of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Tbilisi. The results were presented on a weekly basis to stakeholders in the Government of Georgia, international organizations, diplomats, and NGOs working on the crisis.

Geographic coverage

National coverage. Representative at the national- and at Tbilisi/Urban/Rural-levels of Georgia.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Adult population (18 years old and over), excluding the populations living in territories affected by military conflict (South Ossetia and Abkhazia).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Simple random sample (random digit dialing) of cell phone owners.

Sample Size: Overall: 6145 respondents, including: Wave 1: 922 Wave 2: 1037 Wave 3: 1053 Wave 4: 1002 Wave 5: 1036 Wave 6: 1095

Sampling deviation

The surveys had between 992 and 1095 respondents in total. The theoretical margin of error was between 3.0% and 3.1% for each wave.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The surveys covered a wide range of subjects. A set of core questions about institutional performance and approval of newly introduced policies were asked on each wave of the survey to track changes in public opinion. Each survey also included questions on the economic situation and a number of practices. Aside from these blocks, a set of new questions were introduced on a weekly basis to explore specific sets of issues in depth. Topics included religion, education policy, disinformation, gender, and democracy.

Response rate

Response rate: Wave 1: 42%, Wave 2: 41%, Wave 3: 39%, Wave 4: 39%, Wave 5: 35%, Wave 6: 37%.

The Monthly Outcome Survey (MOS) was designed to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake as well as beliefs, intentions, and behaviors relevant to COVID-19 vaccination at a point in time. The survey fielded on a monthly basis from January 2021 to April 2023. When the MOS first launched, it focused on the primary series of COVID-19 vaccines; in later waves, it was expanded to assess parents’ intentions to get their children vaccinated or boosted and to track booster and updated vaccine uptake and readiness. The MOS fielded as part of an online omnibus survey, conducted with a cross-sectional sample of approximately 5,000 U.S. adults each month.

As of May 2020, the majority of Hungarians was worried that in the upcoming Fall or Winter a second wave of coronavirus (COVID-19) might follow. Only 11 percent of respondents reported not being worried at all.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Italy went through five coronavirus waves during the pandemic. As of January 8, 2025, the number of active coronavirus cases in the country was equal to approximately 203,305. On January 23, 2022, there were 2,734,906 active infections in Italy, the highest figure since the start of the pandemic. Furthermore, the total number of cases (including active cases, recoveries, and deaths) in Italy reached 26.9 million, with the region mostly hit by the virus in the country being Lombardy. Despite this notably high number of infections, deaths and hospitalizations remain rather low, thanks to a very high vaccination rate. The virus originated in Wuhan, a Chinese city populated by millions and located in the province of Hubei. More statistics and facts about the virus in Italy are available here.For a global overview, visit Statista's webpage exclusively dedicated to coronavirus, its development, and its impact.

As of July 2020, almost 75 percent of Poles feared a second wave of the coronavirus pandemic to take place in the final quarter of the year. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Over the course of 2020, 75,891 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported to the authorities in Italy. In total, the number of deaths in the country surpassed 746 thousand, the highest figure registered since World War II. This statistic shows the percentage change in the number of deaths per age group of the individuals who died, comparing figures for 2020 with the average of deaths in the same period between 2015 and 2019. The three periods considered correspond to three main stages of 2020 in Italy: the pre-COVID-19 months, the first wave, and the second wave. It is possible to see how COVID-19 impacted the different age groups disproportionately. The number of deaths recorded among individuals between zero and 49 years old, in fact, was even consistently less than the 2015-2019 average across 2020. On the other hand, during the first and second wave of infections, the number of deaths registered among people aged 80 years or more was 36 percent higher than the 2015-2019 average.

During the five waves of the Covid-19 pandemic from January 2020 to September 2021, Iranians’ concern about the number of elderly cases that were adversely affected by Covid-19 highly increased. The present study aimed to evaluate the mental and the physical health of Iranian older adults across the big waves of the Covid-19 pandemic. In an analytical and longitudinal study, the health of 517 older people with a positive test in Covid 19 disease during 5 waves of coronavirus in south Iran.

Over the course of 2020, more than 2.1 million coronavirus cases were reported to the authorities in Italy. This statistic breaks down this figure by region and wave of infections. Italy, in fact, underwent three distinct phases in the fight against COVID-19. The first one started in late February, as the first cases in the country were detected. In this first stage, most of the contagion happened in the Northern regions. The Italian government reacted by implementing a strict lockdown that lasted until May, when the contagion curve started to flatten. Between June and September, the number of new cases was risible. The third phase started in October, when a second wave of infection, much bigger in magnitude than the first, struck the country. This time, as it is possible to see from the graph, also Central and Southern regions were heavily affected.

Abstract

The World Bank team collaborated with UNICEF Armenia and jointly implemented four rounds of HFPS to assess household vulnerabilities and children welfare after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first wave (comprising surveys I & II) was conducted in July - December 2020, and the second wave in May - June 2021 (comprising surveys III & IV). These data will improve understating of the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic and restrictive measures on households and children and support the development of better response and recovery strategies for addressing COVID-19. The surveys included a sample of 4,556 households for Survey I, and 1,642 households with children for Survey II. The sample size is 2,026 for Survey III which includes modules on households with migrants, and it is 2,007 for Survey IV which contains modules focusing on households with children.

Geographic coverage

National coverage, representative at the national level and Yereban/Urban/Rural levels.

Analysis unit

Survey I: Household and adult over age of 18; Survey II: Household with children; Survey III: Household and adult over age of 18; households with migrants; Survey IV: Household and adult over age of 18; households with children

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

4,555 individuals were selected by Random Digit Dialing (RDD) for Survey I, out of which, 2,653 individuals were eligible for the follow-up interview in Survey II. Out of those eligible individuals, 1,648 from households with children younger than 18 years old were interviewed in Survey II.

Wave 2 (Surveys III & IV) is based on phone-interviews with application of Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI) and random digit dialing (RDD). The sampling frame is representative of the national and rural/urban/Yerevan population. Around 2,000 valid interviews were concluded with response rates around 30% in each round.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The COVID-19 Armenia High Frequency Survey of Households and Children 2020, Wave 1, comprises the following modules: Survey I 1. Household roster 2. Demographics and employment 3. Knowledge of COVID-19 and behavior 4. Vulnerability and food security 5. Wellbeing and coping mechanisms 6. Family dynamics and personal wellbeing 7. Knowledge of child rights organizations

Survey II 1. Demography 2. Child's health 3. Children under two years old 4. Children from two to six years old 5. Children from six to eighteen years old 6. Internet skills and safety 7. Concerns

The COVID-19 Armenia High Frequency Survey, Wave 2, Survey III, comprises the following modules: 1. Household roster 2. Demographics and employment 3. Employment dynamics 4. Migration 5. Assets and access to internet 6. Prevalence of COVID-19 7. Income 8. Digital Payments: Usage and readiness

The COVID-19 Armenia High Frequency Survey, Wave 2, Survey IV, comprises the following modules: 1. Household roster 2. Demographics and employment 3. Employment Dynamics 4. Assets and Access to Internet 5. Income 6. Vulnerability and Food Security 7. Wellbeing 8. COVID-19 9. Children

Response rate

Response rates were around 30%.

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered family life in the United States. Over the long duration of the pandemic, parents had to adapt to shifting work conditions, virtual schooling, the closure of daycare facilities, and the stress of not only managing households without domestic and care supports but also worrying that family members may contract the novel coronavirus. Reports early in the pandemic suggest that these burdens have fallen disproportionately on mothers, creating concerns about the long-term implications of the pandemic for gender inequality and mothers’ well-being. Nevertheless, less is known about how parents’ engagement in domestic labor and paid work has changed throughout the pandemic and beyond, what factors may be driving these changes, and what the long-term consequences of the pandemic may be for the gendered division of labor and gender inequality more generally. The Study on U.S. Parents’ Divisions of Labor During COVID-19 (SPDLC) collects longitudinal survey data from partnered U.S. parents that can be used to assess changes in parents’ divisions of domestic labor, divisions of paid labor, and well-being throughout and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of SPDLC is to understand both the short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic for the gendered division of labor, work-family issues, and broader patterns of gender inequality. Survey data for this study is collected using Prolifc (www.prolific.co), an opt-in online platform designed to facilitate scientific research. The sample is comprised U.S. adults who were residing with a romantic partner and at least one biological child (at the time of entry into the study). In each survey, parents answer questions about both themselves and their partners. Wave 1 of the SPDLC was conducted in April 2020, and parents who participated in Wave 1 were asked about their division of labor both prior to (i.e., early March 2020) and one month after the pandemic began. Wave 2 of the SPDLC was collected in November 2020. Parents who participated in Wave 1 were invited to participate again in Wave 2, and a new cohort of parents was also recruited to participate in the Wave 2 survey. Wave 3 of SPDLC was collected in October 2021. Parents who participated in either of the first two waves were invited to participate again in Wave 3, and another new cohort of parents was also recruited to participate in the Wave 3 survey. Wave 4 of the SPDLC was collected in October 2022. Parents who participated in either of the first three waves were invited to participate again in Wave 4, and another new cohort of parents was also recruited to participate in the Wave 4 survey. This research design (follow-up survey of panelists and new cross-section of parents at each wave) will continue through 2024, culminating in six waves of data spanning the period from March 2020 through October 2024. An estimated total of approximately 6,500 parents will be surveyed at least once throughout the duration of the study. SPDLC data will be released to the public two years after data is collected; Waves 1-3 are currently publicly available. Wave 4 will be publicly available in October 2024, with subsequent waves becoming available yearly. Data will be available to download in both SPSS (.sav) and Stata (.dta) formats, and the following data files will be available: (1) a data file for each individual wave, which contains responses from all participants in that wave of data collection, (2) a longitudinal panel data file, which contains longitudinal follow-up data from all available waves, and (3) a repeated cross-section data file, which contains the repeated cross-section data (from new respondents at each wave) from all available waves. Codebooks for each survey wave and a detailed user guide describing the data are also available.

The majority of Romanians surveyed for this study stated that in case of a fourth coronavirus (COVID-19) wave, they expected the reintroduction of travel restrictions. At the same time, 39 percent of respondents believed that most events would be canceled in case of a new COVID-19 wave.

As of September 2020, most Hungarians were not taking too many precautionary measures to prepare for the second wave of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Only 11 percent of respondents stated that they stocked up on masks and disinfectant, and another 13 percent tried to save more money to prepare for potential financial difficulties.

The goal of the Monthly Outcome Survey (MOS) Small Area Estimations (SAE) is to generate estimates of the proportions of adults, by county and month, who were in the population of interest for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) We Can Do This COVID-19 Public Education Campaign. These data are designed to be used by practitioners and researchers to understand how county-level COVID-19 updated (bivalent) vaccination hesitancy changed over time in the United States.

As of June 2020, over 70 percent of Hungarian webshop owners were expecting a new wave of coronavirus (COVID-19). However, only 32 percent of all respondents said that they were preparing for it.

The COVID-CAWI survey was initiated, developed and conducted as part of a collective research project by Gabriela Yordanova and Ekaterina Markova: "Challenges to Quantitative Empirical Research in Social Emergencies: The Case of Covid-19" at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IPS-BAS). The COVID-CAWI was conducted using a Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) in two waves, which coincided with the periods of restrictive measures introduced in Bulgaria due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In both waves, the sampling procedure is without replacement – controlled through the CAWI instrument design, and further verified through a data cleaning procedure.

Both datafiles include fully anonymised row data, user friendly lists of variable labels in Bulgarian and English for data processing. Weighting variable is also included at both datasets.

The release guide is available at the billingual publication Маркова, Е., & Йорданова, Г. (2024). Кризисната ситуация заради пандемията от Коронавирус в България: социално-икономически, здравни и образователни ефекти. Методическо ръководство и инструментариум: COVID-CAWI 1&2. Издателство на БАН "Проф. Марин Дринов", https://doi.org/10.7546/TPCCB.2024 (Markova, E., Yordanova, G. 2024. The pandemic coronavirus crisis in Bulgaria: socio-economic, health and educational effects. Release Guide and Questionnaires: COVID-CAWI Waves 1&2, Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ISBN 978-619-245-419-7) with open access, https://doi.org/10.7546/TPCCB.2024. Both questionnaires (wave 1 and 2) are available in Annex - in Bulgarian and English language.