These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This study contains data from an on-line national survey of 2,050 respondents aged 18+. The data were collected to provide new policy-relevant evidence on the public's attitude towards white-collar and corporate frauds by asking questions about the public's willingness to pay for reducing white-collar crimes when provided information about the estimate of financial losses, context and seriousness. Further, the study quantifies public perceptions of seriousness link to specific policy preferences. This study includes one STATA data file: Formatted_WTP_Dataset_11-10-16.dta (138 variables, 2050 cases).

Dataset Description

The Global Organized Crime Index is a multi-dimensional tool created by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC). It assesses the levels of criminality and resilience to organized crime for 193 countries, focusing on three key pillars:

- Criminal Markets

- Criminal Actors

- Resilience

The dataset is underpinned by extensive quantitative and qualitative research, drawing from over 400 expert assessments and evaluations conducted by GI-TOC’s regional observatories. This dataset covers the years 2022 & 2023, offering insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to understand and address organized crime globally.

Column Descriptors

Country: Name of the country.

Criminal Market Score: Aggregate score for organized criminal markets.

Criminal Actor Score: Aggregate score for organized criminal actors.

Resilience Score: A measure of the country's ability to resist organized crime.

Year: The year the data was collected (2022).

Police-reported organized crime, by most serious violation (homicide and attempted murder, assault, sexual violations, kidnapping and hostage taking, human trafficking, robbery and theft, firearm and weapons violations, extortion and criminal harassment, arson, forgery and fraud, child pornography, criminal organization involvement, probation and court violations, drug possession and trafficking, and other violations), Canada (selected police services), 2016 to 2024.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the extent to which deterrence or cooperative strategies motivated firms and their facilities to comply with environmental regulations. The project collected administrative data (secondary data) for a sample of publicly owned, United States companies in the pulp and paper, steel, and oil refining industries from 1995 to 2000 to track each firm's economic, environmental, and enforcement compliance history. Company Economic and Size Data (Part 1) from 1993 to 2000 were gathered from the Standard and Poor's Industrial Compustat, Mergent Online, and Securities and Exchange Commission, resulting in 512 company/year observations. Next, the research team used the Directory of Corporate Affiliations, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), and the EPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS) to identify all facilities owned by the sample of firms between 1995 and 2000. Researchers then gathered Facility Ownership Data (Part 2), resulting in 15,408 facility/year observations. The research team gathered various types of PCS data from the EPA for facilities in the sample. Permit Compliance System Facility Data (Part 3) were gathered on the 214 unique major National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued to facilities in the sample. Although permits were given to facilities, facilities could have one or more discharge points (e.g., pipes) that released polluted water directly into surface waters. Thus, Permit Compliance System Discharge Points (Pipe Layout) Data (Part 4) were also collected on 1,995 pipes. The EPA determined compliance using two methods: inspections and evaluations/assessments. Permit Compliance System Inspections Data (Part 5) were collected on a total of 1,943 inspections. Permit Compliance System Compliance Schedule Data (Part 6) were collected on a total of 3,336 compliance schedule events. Permit Compliance System Compliance Schedule Violation Data (Part 7) were obtained for a total of 246 compliance schedule violations. Permit Compliance System Single Event Violations Data (Part 8) were collected on 75 single event violations. Permit Compliance System Measurement/Effluent and Reporting Violations Data (Part 9) were collected for 396,479 violations. Permit Compliance System Enforcement Actions Data (Part 10) were collected on 1,730 enforcement actions. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Data (Part 11) were collected on a total of 2,243 inspections. The OSHA data were collected by company name and include multiple facilities owned by each company and were not limited to facilities in the Permit Compliance System. Additional information about firm noncompliance was drawn from EPA Docket and CrimDoc systems. Administrative and Judicial Docket Case Data (Part 12) were collected on 40 administrative and civil cases. Administrative and Judicial Docket Case Settlement Data (Part 13) were collected on 36 administrative and civil cases. Criminal Case Data (Part 14) were collected on three criminal cases. For secondary data analysis purposes, the research team created the Yearly Final Report Data (Part 15) and the Quarterly Final Report Data (Part 16). The yearly data contain a total of 378 company/year observations; the quarterly data contain a total of 1,486 company/quarter observations. The research team also conducted a vignette survey of the same set of companies that are in the secondary data to measure compliance and managerial decision-making. Concerning the Vignette Data (Part 17), a factorial survey was developed and administered to company managers tapping into perceptions of the costs and benefits of pro-social and anti-social conduct for themselves and their companies. A total of 114 respondents from 2 of the sampled corporations read and responded to a total of 384 vignettes representing 4 scenario types: technical noncompliance, significant noncompliance, over-compliance, and response to counter-terrorism. Part 1 contains 19 economic and size variables. Part 2 contains a total of eight variables relating to ownership. Part 3 contains 67 variables with regard to facility characteristics. Part 4 contains 31 variables relating to discharge points and pipe layout information. Part 5 contains 13 inspections characteristics variables. Part 6 contains 13 compliance schedule event characteristics variables. Part 7 contains 11 compliance schedule violation characteristics variables. Part 8 contains 10 single event violation characteristics variables. Part 9 contains 79 variables including variables for matching limits and discharge monitoring reports, actual limits (permitted levels) variables, standardized limits variables, statistical base codes variables, reported units on limits variables, units for standardized limits variables, sampling information variables, additional limits information, actual DMR reports for each limit, effluent violations, and variables relating to technical aspects of reporting. Part 10 contains 26 enforcement actions variables. Part 11 contains 24 Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspection variables. Part 12 contains 39 administrative and judicial court case characteristics variables. Part 13 contains 21 court case settlement characteristics variables. Part 14 contains 9 criminal case characteristics variables. Part 15 contains 95 variables created for final report analyses by year. Part 16 contains 46 variables created for final report analyses by quarter. Part 17 contains 157 variables including pro-social variables with security/over-compliance intentions, noncompliance variables with technical/significant noncompliance intentions, vignette characteristics variables, other variables derived from survey questions, environmental norms variables, and demographic characteristics variables.

This project consists of secondary analysis material (syntax only, no data). The original study that the material pertains to examines two distinct but related types of corporate crime prevention and control mechanisms--one that rests on firm governance (specifically, the Board of Directors) and the other on formal legal interventions. Specifically, the study examines whether (ceteris paribus) firms with more gender diversity on their boards are less involved in offending than firms whose boards are less diverse and whether changes in board diversity over time affect firm offending patterns. Of additional interest is how firms respond to legal discovery and punishment. Do they change their governance structures (i.e., become more diverse) due to formal legal discovery? Are firms generally deterred from reoffending (recidivism) when discovered or does deterrence depend on the government's response to offenders? In particular, are certain regimes (criminal, civil, or regulatory) more successful at crime control than others? Relevant data are collected from a variety of secondary sources, including corporate financial, statistical, and governance information. These data are then linked to cases of corporate offending (accounting fraud, bribery, environmental and anti-competitive) for 3,327 US based companies between 1996 and 2013. Analyses-NIJ-5.21.2019--2-.do: Syntax (Stata) used to create type of offense count; domain of processing (civil, criminal, regulatory); offense distribution (by corporate year), female board membership (count and percent); Reoffending (by enforcement type and governance characteristics).

This table contains 29600 series, with data for years 1977 - 1997 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (40 items: Canada;Newfoundland and Labrador;St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador;Prince Edward Island; ...); Offences (148 items: Total, all incidents;Total, all Criminal Code offences, including traffic;Total, Criminal Code, excluding traffic;Total, crimes of violence; ...); Statistics (5 items: Actual incidents;Rate per 100,000 population;Percentage change in rates;Cleared by charge; ...).

In 2023, East Africa had the highest levels of criminality in Africa according to the organized crime index. The region scored **** points and was followed by West and Central Africa, respectively. As of the same year, the African countries with the highest criminality scores were the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and South Africa. The source identified human trafficking and human smuggling as particularly widespread on the continent.

In 2023, when it came to white-collar crime German police had a clearance rate of **** percent. This was the lowest clearance rate since 2013.

GapMaps offers advanced and reliable Crime Risk Places Data sourced from Applied Geographic Solutions (AGS), a trusted provider of premium demographic insights with over 20 years of experience. Leveraged by thousands of businesses, AGS use advanced statistical methodologies and a rolling seven-year database of FBI and local agency statistics to provide a highly accurate view of the relative risk of specific crime types for any geographic area empowering organizations to make informed decisions in areas such as insurance, urban planning, and real estate.

The AGS Crime Risk dataset includes: - Standardised indexes for a range of serious crimes against both persons and property such as murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft - Aggregate measures of crime risk, including crimes against persons, crimes against property, and overall crime risk, offering a comprehensive overview of an area’s safety. - 5-Year Projections: Added in 2020, these projections enhance the dataset by forecasting future crime risks, providing valuable insights for long-term planning. - High-Resolution Data: Crime risk indexes are available at the block group level, allowing insurers to identify variations in crime risk across specific land uses such as motor vehicle theft from parking structures.

Use cases: 1. Insurance underwriting and risk mitigation. 2. Evaluating the security measures needed to protect employees and customers at retail facilities. 3. The study of the effects of neighborhood crime on wellness and health care outcomes.

Methodology: Crime is tracked for multiple years using both FBI aggregate crime reports and for many parts of the country at the individual incident level. A complex set of statistical models are used to estimate and forecast risk of each individual crime type by using land use data in conjunction with demographic and business characteristics.

For more information visit www.appliedgeographic.com

This report tracks the incident-based crime rate per 100,000 people. Data is sourced from the Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey and Statistics Canada.

Providing drugs, robbery, extortion, residential burglary, motor vehicle theft, motorcycle theft, and forced sexual intercourse and other 8 types of crime data. (This data is preliminary statistics at the beginning of each quarter and is for reference only. The accurate statistical figures are still based on the annual criminal statistics data of this agency.) (Provide data on organized crime cases since October 2018.)

This paper studies the long-run economic impact of dismissing city councils infiltrated by organized crime. Applying a matched difference-in-differences design to the universe of Italian social security records, we find that city council dismissals (CCDs) increase employment, the number of firms, and industrial real estate prices. The effects are concentrated in Mafia-dominated sectors and in municipalities where fewer incumbents are re-elected. The dismissals generate large economic returns by weakening the Mafia and fostering trust in local institutions. The analysis suggests that CCDs represent an effective intervention for establishing legitimacy and spurring economic activity in areas dominated by organized crime.

Incident-based crime statistics (actual incidents, rate per 100,000 population, percentage change in rate, unfounded incidents, percent unfounded, total cleared, cleared by charge, cleared otherwise, persons charged, adults charged, youth charged / not charged), by detailed violations (violent, property, traffic, drugs, other Federal Statutes), Canada, provinces, territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Canadian Forces Military Police, 1998 to 2024.

This data collection, one of only a small number available on federal white collar crimes, focuses on white collar criminals and the nature of their offenses. The data contain information on the source of conviction, offense category, number of counts in the indictment, maximum prison time and maximum fine associated with the offense, the duration and geographic spread of the offense, number of participants, number of persons arrested, number of businesses indicted, and spouse's employment. The data are limited to crimes committed solely by convicted individuals and do not include defendants that are organizations or groups. The defendant's socioeconomic status is measured using the Duncan Index. Further information provided about the defendant includes age, sex, marital status, past criminal history, neighborhood environment, education, and employment history.

According to the organized crime index, human trafficking and arms trafficking were the most prevalent criminal markets in East Africa as of 2023, obtaining **** index points each. Human smuggling and financial crimes followed as the main types of crime in the region, with scores of **** and **** points, respectively. Overall, East Africa had the highest level of criminality on the continent in 2023.

According to the organized crime index, human trafficking and cyber-dependent crimes were the most prevalent criminal markets in Kenya in 2023, obtaining ***** index points each. Overall, the region of East Africa had the highest level of criminality on the continent as of 2023.

According to the organized crime index, human smuggling and human trafficking were the most prevalent criminal markets in Eritrea in 2023, obtaining *** and * index points, respectively. Arms trafficking followed, with *** points. Overall, the region of East Africa had the highest level of criminality on the continent as of 2023.

The data used in the MPS Business Crime dashboard is available here Business crime | Metropolitan Police, along with the related data definitions. Please note that, this dataset is updated monthly at the beginning of the month. Data runs until the end of the month prior. June 2024: The business crime data-sets are now being extracted and compiled from the new CONNECT system within the MPS; these data-sets will have prefix M1046 added to the file name. The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) has introduced CONNECT, a new crime recording system that consolidates several previous systems into one integrated platform. This change aims to streamline processes and enhance efficiency across the board. With the implementation of CONNECT, there have been slight modifications in the recording of specific crime categories, such as hate crime. These adjustments may result in minor variations in crime data when compared to the pre-CONNECT era. To provide a comprehensive view of the data, the MPS has regenerated the full report to cover the entire time period. BCU and Borough data in CONNECT are determined by the geographic location of the incident, rather than the borough managing the case, as was the case with legacy systems. This new approach has been retroactively applied to legacy data to provide consistent and comparable analysis. Business Crime is defined by the National Business Crime Forum (NBCF), the Home Office, and the National Retail Crime Steering Group (NRCSG), chaired by the minister for crime prevention as: “Any criminal offence that is committed against a person or property which is associated by the connection of that person or property to a business.” The approach reflects the existing definitions for domestic abuse and hate crime. This means that the victim will determine whether or not the crime has had an impact on a business and, therefore, whether it should be identified as a business crime. This removes any ambiguity about how the crime should be recorded. Not all business crime will be immediately identified as such by the victim or others. For example, an assault in a nightclub might not be identified as a business crime by the victim because they are more likely to perceive it as a personal attack, e.g. motivated by domestic abuse or hate related hostility. Irrespective of the nature of the offending, if the offence took place on business premises it should additionally be recorded as a business crime. This is because criminal offending of any type on business premises may have a negative impact on the business, e.g. increased insurance premiums or, as in the case of the nightclub assault, adverse impact on whether the nightclub’s license is renewed (e.g. too many assault have taken place at that venue). Further details can be found on the National Business Crime Centre website here: https://nbcc.police.uk/

According to the organized crime index, Mozambique's most widespread criminal markets in 2023 were crimes involving flora, fauna, non-renewable resources, as well as heroin trading, with each scoring ***** points. From a regional perspective, Mozambique had the second highest criminality index in Southern Africa.

Several countries located in Central America and the Caribbean registered some of the highest homicide rates in the Latin American region in 2023. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ranked first, with around 51.32 homicides committed per 100,000 inhabitants. Jamaica came in second with 49.44 homicides per 100,000 people. The source defines intentional homicide as the unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury. When it comes to the total case count, Brazil was the Latin American country with the largest number of homicide victims. Central America and the falling rates El Salvador was commonly named the murder capital of the world for a few years. The inability of previous governments to control organized crime and gangs resulted in the highest homicide rate in the world for a couple of years. Nonetheless, the current administration and the measures applied during the emergency state had an incredibly positive impact in terms of the security of the Salvadorean citizens. But not only El Salvador has seen a considerable reduction in its murder rate in Central America. Honduras and Guatemala are also two great examples of crime reduction, introducing new policies, institutions, and changes to their judicial system to achieve better results. The Caribbean is still ridden by crime Some islands in the Caribbean are not only known as tax heavens, as some nations in the region are considered the main enablers of tax evasion in the world, but also for being ridden by crime. Haiti is one example of the still-rising levels of criminality. As a country with precarious conditions and extreme food insecurity, the homicide rate has been on the rise for almost four consecutive years. Another one is Jamaica, at the top of the Latin American ranking, that has also seen an increase in the youth involved in organized crime due to lack of employment and economic conditions.