This study examined police officers' perceptions of and tolerance for corruption. In contrast to the popular viewpoint that police corruption is a result of moral defects in the individual police officer, this study investigated corruption from an organizational viewpoint. The approach examined the ways rules are communicated to officers, how rules are enforced by supervisors, including sanctions for violation of ethical guidelines, the unspoken code against reporting the misconduct of a fellow officer, and the influence of public expectations about police behavior. For the survey, a questionnaire describing 11 hypothetical scenarios of police misconduct was administered to 30 police agencies in the United States. Specifically, officers were asked to compare the violations in terms of seriousness and to assess the level of sanctions each violation of policies and procedures both should and would likely receive. For each instance of misconduct, officers were asked about the extent to which they supported agency discipline for it and their willingness to report it. Scenarios included issues such as off-duty private business, free meals, bribes for speeding, free gifts, stealing, drinking on duty, and use of excessive force. Additional information was collected about the officers' personal characteristics, such as length of time in the police force (in general and at their agency), the size of the agency, and the level of rank the officer held.

According to a survey, Chihuahua was the Mexican entity with the largest corruption rate during administrative processes. In 2023, the rate of users that experienced corruption when dealing with public servants was 21,891 per 100,000 inhabitants. The national average stood at 13,966 per 100,000 inhabitants. The most frequent act of corruption took place when contacting public security officers.

In a survey carried out in 2021, between eight and 11 percent of respondents in Colombia said they had been asked or had to pay a bribe in different interactions with public authorities (police officers and/or government employees). Overall, Latin America had similar bribery victimization rates that year.

The energy balance station IMK6T (Bad Rotenfels) measured high-frequency (20 Hz) eddy-covariance raw data with a Solent R1012 (Gill Instruments Ltd.) sonic anemometer above the target land use type meadow. The measuring set-up was continuously running during the entire COPS measurement period in order to provide a complete time series of the turbulent fluxes of momentum and sensible heat. Post-processing was performed using the software package TK2 (developed by the Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth) which produces quality assured turbulent flux data with an averaging interval of 30 min. The documentation and instruction manual of TK2 (see entry cops_nebt_ubt_info_1) and additional references about the applied flux corrections and post-field data quality control (see entry cops_nebt_ubt_info_2) as well as a document about the general handling of the flux data can be found in supplementary pdf-files within the energy balance and turbulence network (NEBT) experiment of the data base. The turbulent flux data in this data set are flagged according to their quality and checked for an impact of possible internal boundary layers. Additionally, the flux contribution from the target land use type intended to be observed to the total flux measured was calculated applying footprint modeling. Information and references about the internal boundary layer evaluation procedure and the footprint analysis are also given in additional info pdf-files. Pictures of the footprint climatology of the station as related to the land use and to the spatial distribution of the quality flags are included in the corresponding additional info pdf-file (see cops_nebt_imk6t_info_1).

A survey conducted in 2023 showed that almost 5.4 percent of respondents in Costa Rica had been asked or had to pay a bribe in interactions with police officers. Costa Rica is one of the Latin American countries with the lowest bribery victimization rate.

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In a survey conducted in 2023, Mexico had the third-highest share of respondents who said they had been required to pay a bribe in interactions with police officers, after Bolivia and Peru. On the other hand, Chile and El Salvador had the lowest shares. That year, between ten and seven percent of Latin American respondents said they had been asked to pay a bribe in the previous 12 months.

In a survey carried out in 2023, more than 20 percent of respondents in Mexico said that they had been asked or had to pay a bribe to police officers, by far one of the highest figures in Latin America. That year, the share of respondents who claimed to be victims of bribery by a public official in Mexico was significantly lower than those asked by a police officer.