Disclaimer

This dataset is NOT a reflection of my personal views.

This dataset contains evaluation of corruption from two major agencies, Transparency International and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), a World Bank project. The data from Transparency International is split into two files because they don't have exactly the same columns, although most columns are the same. It makes more sense to have them seperately, and you can merge them if you would like to. - transparency_active.csv contains Transparency International data from 2012-2021 - transparency_legacy.csv contains Transparency International data from 1995-2011 - wgidataset.csv contains WGI data from 1996-2021 - wgidataset_readme.pdf is a documentation that explains what the indicators mean in wgidataset.csv

The average for 2023 based on 193 countries was -0.04 points. The highest value was in Denmark: 2.38 points and the lowest value was in Syria: -1.75 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Content

The Corruption Perceptions Index scores and ranks countries/territories based on how corrupt a country’s public sector is perceived to be. It is a composite index, a combination of surveys and assessments of corruption, collected by a variety of reputable institutions. The CPI is the most widely used indicator of corruption worldwide.

Corruption generally comprises illegal activities, which are deliberately hidden and only come to light through scandals, investigations or prosecutions. There is no meaningful way to assess absolute levels of corruption in countries or territories on the basis of hard empirical data. Possible attempts to do so, such as by comparing bribes reported, the number of prosecutions brought or studying court cases directly linked to corruption, cannot be taken as definitive indicators of corruption levels. Instead, they show how effective prosecutors, the courts or the media are in investigating and exposing corruption. Capturing perceptions of corruption of those in a position to offer assessments of public sector corruption is the most reliable method of comparing relative corruption levels across countries.

Acknowledgements

The data sources used to calculate the Corruption Perceptions Index scores and ranks were provided by the African Development Bank, Bertelsmann Stiftung Foundation, The Economist, Freedom House, IHS Markit, IMD Business School, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, Political Risk Services, World Bank, World Economic Forum, World Justice Project, and Varieties of Democracy Project.

CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high) in World was reported at 2.7792 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank in Japan was reported at 90.09 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Japan - Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Governance consists of the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised. This includes the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies; and the respect of citizens and the state for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them. The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) report on six broad dimensions of governance for more than 200 economies since 1996: (I) Voice and Accountability; (II) Political Stability and Absence of Violence; (III) Government Effectiveness; (IV) Regulatory Quality; (V) Rule of Law; and (VI) Control of Corruption. The WGI are composite governance indicators based on over 30 underlying data sources. These data sources are rescaled and combined to create the six aggregate indicators using a statistical methodology known as an unobserved components model. A key feature of the methodology is that it generates margins of error for each governance estimate. These margins of error need to be taken into account when making comparisons across countries and over time. The WGI aggregate indicators and underlying source data are available at http://www.govindicators.org.

For further details, please refer to http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/Home/Documents

Dive into Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for a global overview of corruption trends and rankings.

Reference:

Transparency International (n.d). Corruption Perception Index. [online] Transparency.org. Available at: https://www.transparency.org/en/.

To know more details about reproducing and using Transparency International work, you can consult https://www.transparency.org/permissions ‌

The Quality of Government Expert Survey II is based on the subjective assessments of carefully selected country experts. The questionnaire included 71 substantive questions.

Control of Corruption: Estimate in Vietnam was reported at --0.41581 Score in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Control of Corruption: Estimate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

The 2018 BCI index

The Bayesian Corruption Index is a composite index of the perceived overall level of corruption. Corruption: With corruption, we refer to the “abuse of public power for private gain." Perceived corruption: Given the hidden nature of corruption, direct measures are hard to come by or inherently flawed (e.g. the number of corruption convictions). Instead, we amalgamate the opinions on the level of corruption from the country’s inhabitants, companies operating there, NGOs, and officials working both in governmental and supra-governmental organizations. Composite: It combines the information from 17 different surveys and 110 different survey questions that cover the perceived level of corruption.

It is an alternative to the other well-known indicators of corruption perception: the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) published by Transparency International and the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) published by the World Bank. Methodologically, it is most closely related to the latter as the methodology used in the construction of the BCI can be seen as an augmented version of the Worldwide Governance Indicators’ methodology. The augmentation allows an increase in the coverage. In contrast to the WGI or CPI, the underlying source data are entered without any ex-ante imputations, averaging or other manipulations. This results in an index representing the underlying data, unbiased by the composer’s modelling choices.

The latest version of the index is the 2023 version. It covers 221 countries from 1984 to 2021. For replicatability's sake, the older index versions are also made available. The 2014 version of the index is available for 219 countries from 1984 to 2014 The 2018 version of the index is available for 219 countries from 1984 to 2017

Please cite as: Samuel Standaert (2015) "Divining the Level of Corruption: a Bayesian State Space Approach", Journal of Comparative Economics, 43 (3) 782-803. DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2014.05.007

working-age population (ages 15-64)growth rate was extracted from the World Bank Open Data databases .he real GDP (Y) ,the working-age population (L) and the depreciation rate δ were extracted from the Penn World Table 9.1 . The growth rate of technological progress g is assumed to be constant and equal to 1%.the average share of real investment (inclusive of government investment) was calculated based on PWT 9.1 data. The Regulator Quality Index, Corruption Index, Voice and Accountability Index, Political Stabili-ty/No Violence Index, Government Effectiveness Index, and Rule of Law Index were obtained from the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) dataset.This dataset include 4 different samples of countries, with different economic and institutional environment.

Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank in India was reported at 41.51 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Burkina Faso BF: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data was reported at 3.000 NA in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.500 NA for 2022. Burkina Faso BF: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data is updated yearly, averaging 3.500 NA from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2023, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.500 NA in 2022 and a record low of 3.000 NA in 2023. Burkina Faso BF: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Burkina Faso – Table BF.World Bank.WDI: Governance: Policy and Institutions. Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests.;World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).;Unweighted average;

The Africa Integrity Indicators, produced by Global Integrity in partnership with the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, assesses governance and policy implementation across Africa. The dataset evaluates corruption and governance both in law and in practice, focusing on transparency, accountability, and social development. It examines the implementation of national policies that support governments, citizens, and civil society while measuring social, economic, political, and anti-corruption mechanisms. The data is used by organizations like the Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) and the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI).

This study examines 147 banking crises in the period of 1976-2011 documented by the International Monetary Fund. The countries affected by crises are analysed in respect of publicly available World Bank indicators in the periods of three years before the crises. Machine learning methodology for subgroup discovery is used for the analysis. It enabled identification of five subsets of crises. Two of them are identified as especially useful for the characterization of EU countries affected by the banking crises in the year 2008. Fast growing credit activity is a characteristic for the first subgroup while socioeconomic problems recognized by non-increasing quality of public health are decisive for the second subgroup. Comparative analysis of the EU countries included into the second subgroup and the EU countries affected by the banking crises but not included into this subgroup demonstrated statistically significant differences in respect of World Bank good governance indicator values for the period before the crisis. Control of corruption, rule of law, and government effectiveness are the indicators that are statistically different for these sets of countries. The result is fully in accordance with the Francisâ's model connecting governance indicators and financial fragility. The significance of the result is in the segmentation of the corpus of countries with banking crises and recognition of connections between banking crises, socioeconomic problems, and governance effectiveness in some EU countries. The conclusions of the study might be useful for the policy makers in stressing that future banking crises prevention should also focus on governance effectiveness, more strict law implementation and especially on measures against corruption.

Nepal NP: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data was reported at 3.000 NA in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 3.000 NA for 2016. Nepal NP: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data is updated yearly, averaging 3.000 NA from Jul 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.000 NA in 2017 and a record low of 2.500 NA in 2010. Nepal NP: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nepal – Table NP.World Bank: Policy and Institutions. Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests.; ; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; Unweighted average;

Aggregated and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories for six dimensions of governance including voice and accountability; political stability and absence of violence; government effectiveness; regulatory quality; rule of law; and control of corruption. The indicators combine the views of a large number of enterprises, citizens and expert survey respondents and are based on over 30 individual data sources.

Website: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#home

Abstract

This Survey on Ethics and Corruption in the Federal Public Service was held online from April 28 to May 28, 2021, in partnership with the Office of the Federal Comptroller General (CGU), the Ministry of the Economy, and the National School of Public Administration (ENAP). All civil servants were represented in the sample, totaling 22,130 respondents. The sample covered all federative units and ministries. Most civil servants report having witnessed some sort of unethical practice during their time in the public sector. Of all respondents, 58.7 percent stated that they witnessed some unethical practice during their career in public service. The most frequent practices were using one's position to help friends or family and bending the rules under pressure from one’s superiors. Over the past three years, around one third of all civil servants (33.4 percent) witnessed some unethical practice, according to their reports. Corruption in the public service is multifaceted, thus requiring granular information about its nature, prevalence, and vulnerable actors. In view of its scope, thematic scope, and representativeness, the data generated by the study could become a valuable source for the development of knowledge about corruption in the federal public service. We hope that this Survey on Ethics and Corruption in the Federal Public Service becomes a tool to complement current and future efforts to fight corruption.

Geographic coverage

All states in Brazil.

Analysis unit

Civil servants.

Universe

The survey included all active civil servants servants in the Brazilian federal government from April through May 2021. This study did not include military personnel or retired civil servants. The survey also excluded those respondents who, when answering the question "What is your link with the public administration", replied “I'm not a public agent” and “I'd rather not answer”, as long as they had less than five years of service.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey was conducted in a census approach, and all federal civil servants were included in our sampling frame.

Sampling deviation

There were no deviations from the sample design.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was administered in Portuguese and is provided as an external resource.

Cleaning operations

Data was processed primarily for confidentiality. Details on the data processing are outlined in the supporting documents.

Response rate

Pooled response rate was 3.5%, but the response rate varied across geographic units and ministries.

Sampling error estimates

Due to high non-response, it was possible that our estimates were not representative of the population of federal civil servants in Brazil and therefore induced sampling error. To address this concern, we generated weights that adjusted our sample to that observed in the census of personnel data.

Control of corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests. This table lists the individual variables from each data source used to construct this measure in the Worldwide Governance Indicators Quality/Lineage: The data is downloaded from the above link http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#home and manipulated only table format keeping the value same for all the countries as the requirement of the Strive database. The map is created based on the values of the country using rworldmap package in R.

CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high) in Liberia was reported at 2.5 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Liberia - CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.