This table contains data on the percent of households paying more than 30% (or 50%) of monthly household income towards housing costs for California, its regions, counties, cities/towns, and census tracts. Data is from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Consolidated Planning Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) and the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS). The table is part of a series of indicators in the [Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project of the Office of Health Equity] Affordable, quality housing is central to health, conferring protection from the environment and supporting family life. Housing costs—typically the largest, single expense in a family's budget—also impact decisions that affect health. As housing consumes larger proportions of household income, families have less income for nutrition, health care, transportation, education, etc. Severe cost burdens may induce poverty—which is associated with developmental and behavioral problems in children and accelerated cognitive and physical decline in adults. Low-income families and minority communities are disproportionately affected by the lack of affordable, quality housing. More information about the data table and a data dictionary can be found in the Attachments.

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing either housing cost burden (contributing more than 30% of monthly income toward housing costs) or severe housing cost burden (contributing more than 50% of monthly income toward housing costs).

In 2023, there were approximately **** million housing cost burdened households among renters in the United States. A household is considered to be moderately burdened when the housing costs exceed 30 percent of the family income. Severely burdened households, on the other hand, spend more than 50 percent of their income on rent.

In 2021, there were approximately ** million housing cost burdened households in the United States. A household is considered to be moderately cost burdened when the housing costs exceed ** percent of the family income. Severely burdened households, on the other hand, spend over ** percent of their income on housing.

Tenure by Housing Costs as a Percentage of Household Income in the Past 12 Months County and State values are from the American Community Survey (ACS) 1 Year Survey

This indicator is defined as the median of the distribution of the share of total housing costs (net of housing allowances) in the total disposable household income (net of housing allowances) presented by age group.

A commonly accepted threshold for affordable housing costs at the household level is 30% of a household's income. Accordingly, a household is considered cost burdened if it pays more than 30% of its income on housing. Households paying more than 50% are considered severely cost burdened. These thresholds apply to both homeowners and renters.

The Housing Affordability indicator only measures cost burden among the region's households, and not the supply of affordable housing. The directionality of cost burden trends can be impacted by changes in both income and housing supply. If lower income households are priced out of a county or the region, it would create a downward trend in cost burden, but would not reflect a positive trend for an inclusive housing market.

Analysis of ‘Housing Cost Burden by Race’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/9c330da2-eb5b-4fa8-bdf3-ff6a65e7ad05 on 27 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing either housing cost burden (contributing more than 30% of monthly income toward housing costs) or severe housing cost burden (contributing more than 50% of monthly income toward housing costs).

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

In 2021, there were approximately **** million housing cost burdened renter households in the United States, with close to ** million being severely burdened. About *** million households with an annual income below ****** U.S. dollars were severely burdened. A household is considered to be moderately cost burdened when the housing costs exceed ** percent of the family income. Severely burdened households, on the other hand, spend over ** percent of their income on rent.

European Union - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Below 60% of median equivalised income was 27.30% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for European Union - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Below 60% of median equivalised income - last updated from the EUROSTAT on June of 2025. Historically, European Union - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Below 60% of median equivalised income reached a record high of 33.30% in December of 2014 and a record low of 27.30% in December of 2024.

The housing affordability measure illustrates the relationship between income and housing costs. A household that spends 30% or more of its collective monthly income to cover housing costs is considered to be “housing cost-burden[ed].”[1] Those spending between 30% and 49.9% of their monthly income are categorized as “moderately housing cost-burden[ed],” while those spending more than 50% are categorized as “severely housing cost-burden[ed].”[2]

How much a household spends on housing costs affects the household’s overall financial situation. More money spent on housing leaves less in the household budget for other needs, such as food, clothing, transportation, and medical care, as well as for incidental purchases and saving for the future.

The estimated housing costs as a percentage of household income are categorized by tenure: all households, those that own their housing unit, and those that rent their housing unit.

Throughout the period of analysis, the percentage of housing cost-burdened renter households in Champaign County was higher than the percentage of housing cost-burdened homeowner households in Champaign County. All three categories saw year-to-year fluctuations between 2005 and 2023, and none of the three show a consistent trend. However, all three categories were estimated to have a lower percentage of housing cost-burdened households in 2023 than in 2005.

Data on estimated housing costs as a percentage of monthly income was sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) 1-Year Estimates, which are released annually.

As with any datasets that are estimates rather than exact counts, it is important to take into account the margins of error (listed in the column beside each figure) when drawing conclusions from the data.

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, instead of providing the standard 1-year data products, the Census Bureau released experimental estimates from the 1-year data in 2020. This includes a limited number of data tables for the nation, states, and the District of Columbia. The Census Bureau states that the 2020 ACS 1-year experimental tables use an experimental estimation methodology and should not be compared with other ACS data. For these reasons, and because data is not available for Champaign County, no data for 2020 is included in this Indicator.

For interested data users, the 2020 ACS 1-Year Experimental data release includes a dataset on Housing Tenure.

[1] Schwarz, M. and E. Watson. (2008). Who can afford to live in a home?: A look at data from the 2006 American Community Survey. U.S. Census Bureau.

[2] Ibid.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (17 October 2024).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (22 September 2023).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (30 September 2022).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (10 June 2021).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2018 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (10 June 2021).;U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (13 September 2018).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (14 September 2017).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (19 September 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; 16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2006 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2005 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).

This U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) five-year estimates data set includes information about rent cost burden levels, calculated as gross rent as a percentage of household income in the past 12 months, in a number of geographic areas ranging from statewide to census tract. The data set includes median gross rent data from 2009-2016.

Poland - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities was 13.50% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Poland - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities - last updated from the EUROSTAT on July of 2025. Historically, Poland - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities reached a record high of 20.40% in December of 2014 and a record low of 13.50% in December of 2024.

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing housing cost burden (contributing more than 30% of monthly income toward housing costs).

This statistic presents the number of housing cost burdened households among household owners in the United States in 2017, by household income. A household is considered to be housing cost burdened when the housing costs exceed 30 percent of the family income. In 2017, there were approximately 38.58 million cost burdened households among owners in the United States with household income of over 75,000 U.S. dollars.

European Union - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Males was 13.50% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for European Union - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Males - last updated from the EUROSTAT on June of 2025. Historically, European Union - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Males reached a record high of 16.70% in December of 2013 and a record low of 12.90% in December of 2020.

Children in Cost-burdened Households reports the share of children living in households that spend at least 30 percent of annual household income on housing costs.

Slovakia - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities was 15.90% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Slovakia - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities - last updated from the EUROSTAT on July of 2025. Historically, Slovakia - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities reached a record high of 18.00% in December of 2015 and a record low of 12.70% in December of 2022.

This layer contains details about affordable housing in in King County. It has been developed for the Determinant of Equity - Housing. It includes information about Housing Affordability - Renters and Owners equity indicator. Fields describe the total households in King County (Denominator), number of households that paid less than 30% of their household income for housing (Numerator), the type of equity indicator being measured (Indicator), and the value that describes this measurement (Indicator Value).The data was compiled from the American Community Survey (ACS).American Community SurveyPublic Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)For more information about King County's equity efforts, please see:Equity, Racial & Social Justice VisionOrdinance 16948 describing the determinates of equityDeterminants of Equity and Data Tool

Transportation cost burden concepts and definitions and how they are related to equity.