Coal fell to 108.35 USD/T on December 1, 2025, down 1.86% from the previous day. Over the past month, Coal's price has fallen 1.14%, and is down 20.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Coal - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The article discusses the factors that influence the price of coal per kilogram, including type, quality, market demand and supply, transportation costs, and geopolitical factors. It also highlights the fluctuations in coal prices due to environmental concerns, alternative energy sources, and global economic conditions.

View monthly updates and historical trends for Australia Coal Price. Source: World Bank. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Discover the factors that influence the cost of coal per kg, including type of coal, location, supply and demand dynamics, and market conditions. Find out how transportation costs, supply and demand dynamics, and market conditions impact the final price of coal.

Learn about the factors that influence the price of coal and get a general estimate of the price range for 1 kg of coal. Explore how factors such as coal type, quality, origin, demand, supply, government policies, and market conditions can affect the price of this widely used fossil fuel.

The price of raw coal can vary based on factors such as quality, location, transportation costs, market demand, and government regulations. This article explains how these factors influence the price and provides advice on obtaining accurate information on raw coal prices.

Learn about the factors that affect the price of coal per kilogram, including grade, type, quality, market demand, and geographical location. Discover the different classifications of coal and how they are used. Find out how impurities and market dynamics impact coal prices, and get an overview of the average price of coal in the United States. Understand the potential fluctuations in coal prices due to government policies, environmental regulations, and economic conditions.

Saudi Arabia Construction Materials Price: Average: Coal: Local data was reported at 10.940 SAR/kg in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.800 SAR/kg for Feb 2025. Saudi Arabia Construction Materials Price: Average: Coal: Local data is updated monthly, averaging 7.130 SAR/kg from Jan 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 195 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.940 SAR/kg in Mar 2025 and a record low of 5.340 SAR/kg in May 2012. Saudi Arabia Construction Materials Price: Average: Coal: Local data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Authority for Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.EA006: Average Construction Materials Price.

Steam Coal Market size is growing at a fast pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e. 2026 to 2032.

Global Steam Coal Market Overview The usage of Steam Coal in the production of power is the main market driver. Due to its abundance and low cost in comparison to other energy sources, coal remained a popular and inexpensive alternative for many power plants as the world’s energy demand increased, particularly in emerging nations. Emerging economies, notably those in Asia, were experiencing economic expansion, industrialization, and growing urbanization, which prompted a rise in the demand for electricity and Steam Coal.

Learn about the price of anthracite coal per kilogram, factors influencing the price, and how to consider quality and location when purchasing. Get accurate and up-to-date pricing information by contacting local suppliers or coal distributors.

The cost of fossil fuels in the United States electric power industry varies depending on the source that is used. In general, fossil fuels cost about 3.12 U.S. dollars per million British thermal units (Btu) in 2023, ranging from 2.36 U.S. dollars per million Btu for coal to 16.53 U.S. dollars per million Btu for petroleum. Coal and petroleum costs Of the fossil fuels used for electric power generation, petroleum costs have been the most volatile, while coal costs have remained relatively stable in comparison. Average costs of petroleum, which includes various kinds of oil, fluctuated significantly over the period of consideration and reached a peak in 2022 during the energy crisis that hit the global fossil fuels market. Natural gas price Similar to coal, natural gas prices can vary based on the region. Being a large producer of domestic natural gas, the U.S. has notably lower prices compared to Europe and Japan. Due to greater natural gas production through hydraulic fracturing, prices in the U.S. have experienced an overall decline over the last decade or so, falling to 2.4 U.S. dollars per million Btu in 2020. However, natural gas markets around the world experienced price shocks in 2021 and 2022 as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war. In the United States, average natural gas costs for use in the electric power sector more than tripled in 2022.

The legislation to phase out coal-fired power generation marked the beginning of a far-reaching structural transformation for the German coal mining industry. Due to the fact that coal extraction and use for energy generation is considered extremely harmful to the environment, parliament passed a law in August 2020 to phase out coal-fired power generation by 2038. The Coal-fired Power Generation Termination Act set binding shutdown dates that stipulated the reduction in coal production. Many operators took part in tendering rounds for the early decommissioning of power plants, which led to considerable write-downs on existing plants. At the same time, the so-called perpetual obligations oblige companies to finance extensive environmental and safety measures even after the end of active mining. Since 2020, the industry has recorded average annual growth in industry turnover of 1.2 %. This growth was driven by increased compensation payments and a rise in production volumes during periods of energy crisis. However, rising costs for recultivation and environmental protection weighed heavily on the industry.In the current year, the industry is under pressure as a result of the continuing decline in coal production and lower electricity consumption. Turnover is expected to fall by 4.3% to 1.8 billion euros. The decline in coal-fired power generation by more than a quarter illustrates the ongoing displacement of fossil fuels by renewable energies. At the same time, lignite remains important as a short-term backup system, particularly in the event of weather-related production outages at wind turbines. In the short term, companies benefit from higher sales in phases of low feed-in from renewable energy sources, but rising prices for emissions certificates and shorter operating times reduce profit margins. The profits of coal mining companies are also dampened by rising provisions for perpetual obligations and long-term liability obligations. Corporate strategies are therefore focussing on investments in safety systems, damage prevention and the controlled dismantling of decommissioned plants.The downward trend in the industry is expected to accelerate over the next five years. Turnover is expected to fall by an average of 6.2% per year until 2030 and reach 1.3 billion euros. The decline is due to the ongoing decommissioning of coal-fired power plants, which are increasingly only allowed to be operated as a grid reserve. The Federal Network Agency is planning additional controllable power plant capacities by 2035. The remaining coal capacities in particular will then remain relevant for system services or reserve payments. At the same time, the leading mining companies are diversifying into energy suppliers with a focus on renewable power generation, battery storage and hydrogen technologies. The dismantling and recultivation of opencast mining sites is creating new economic areas for agriculture, forestry and solar energy. However, rising costs for renaturalisation and aftercare are placing a financial burden on the industry and significantly increasing the pressure to adapt.

The installation-level China coal model IL-CCM
The full version of a China coal transport model with a very high spatial resolution.

What it does
The code works in a few steps:
1. Take easily understandable and readable xlsx input files on networks, plants, demand etc, and create project build files form this (done in R).
2. Take the build files and create an LP problem file from it (in python, either locally or on AWS Sagemaker).
3. Solve the problem from the LP problem file, and write solution to a txt file (either in Cplex interactive or in python).
4. Process the solution txt file and write to easily understandable and readable xlsx (in R).
The packages required to run these scripts are included in the environment.yml (for python) and the renv.lock file (for R; this first requires installation of renv package: https://rstudio.github.io/renv/articles/renv.html; after installation run renv:restore()).

The model
The model optimizes for a minimum cost of production + transport + transmission.
Production meaning coal mining costs, transport meaning rail/truck/riverborne/ocean-going transport and handling costs, and transmission meaning inter-provincial transport of electricity via UHV cables.

Constraints in the optimization
The constraints in the mini testbench are the same as in the full model. These are:
- Mines (or any other node) cannot supply types of coal they do not produce.
- The flow of coal of each type out of a node cannot exceed flows of coal of each type into a node plus supply by the node (with supply being non-zero only for mines).
- The energy content of the supply and the flows of coal of each type into a node have to be at least equal to the demand for electricity, plus other thermal coal demand, plus the energy content of flows of coal of each type out of a node. Note that only mines can supply coal, all demand for electrical power occurs in provincial demand nodes, and demand for other thermal coal is placed at city-level nodes.
- The amount of hard coking coal (HCC) flowing into a node has to at least be equal to the steel demand multiplied by 0.581. Note that all steel demand is placed in provincial level steel demand nodes, which are connected with uni-directional links from steel plants to steel demand nodes. This means no coal can flow out of a steel demand node and we do not need further formulae for mass balances. Also note that we presume a mix of coking coal need to produce a ton of steel of 581 kg Hard coking coal (HCC), 176 kg of soft coking coal (SCC), and 179 kg of pulverized coal for injection (PCI).
- The amount of soft coking coal (SCC) flowing into a node has to at least be equal to the amount of HCC flowing into that node, multiplied with 0.581/0.176.
- The amount of pulverized coal for injection (PCI) flowing into a node has to at least be equal to the amount of HCC flowing into that node, multiplied with 0.581/0.179.
- The total volume of all coal types transported along a link cannot exceed the transport capacity of that link. Note that this constraint is applied only to those links with a non-infinite transport capacity. In practice this means rail links are assumed to have a transport capacity, ocean routes, rivers, and road links are assumed to have infinite capacity.
- The total amount of energy transported along a link cannot exceed the transmission capacity of that link. That is, the amount of each coal type multiplied with the energy content of each coal type cannot exceed the electrical transmission capacity of links. This constraint is applied only links between power plant units and provincial electricity demand nodes, as well as UHV transmission links between provincial electricity demand nodes. These are the only links along which electrical energy is transported. All other links transport physical quantities of coal. This line simultaneously deals with the production capacity (MW) and conversion efficiency of power plants: the energy transported over a link cannot exceed the volume of each coal type, multiplied with the energy content of each coal type, multiplied with the energy conversion factor of the link. For links between coal fired power plant units and provincial electricity demand nodes, this is equal to the conversion effincy of the power plant unit. For UHV transmission links between two provincial level electricity demand nodes, this is equal to (1- transmission losses) over that UHV line, with transmission losses calculated based on transmission distance and a benchmark loss for UHV-DC or UHV-AC lines.
- The handling capacity of ports cannot be exceeded. Specifically, the total amount of coal flowing out of a port cannot exceed its handling capacity.
- The production capacity of steel plants cannot be exceeded. Specifically, the total amount of hard coking coal, soft coking coal, and pulverized coal for injection flowing out of a steel plant node (and towards a provincial steel demand node) cannot exceed the steel plant's production capacity multiplied by 0.581+0.176+0.179, the mix of different coking coals needed to produce steel.

Technical notes
- All transport costs are pre-calculated for each link, and include a fixed handling costs and a distance based transport cost, based on the type handling (origin and destination) and type of transport (separate for rail, truck, riverborne, ocean-going. A small number of coal rail lines has specific handling and transport costs).
- Some of the capacities are already reported in the input sheet for the edges. The physical transport capacity from this sheet is used. For capacities of ports, steel plants, and electrical transmission capacities, the data from the separate port/steel plant/electrical capacities sheets is used.
- An example lp file is included to make this repository as self-contained as possible. This lp file is zipped to stay within github file size limits.

Contributions
This model was developed by Jorrit Gosens and Alex Turnbull. Frank Jotzo was part of the team that wrote the publication introducing this model.

License
MIT License as separately included.
In short, do what you want with this script, but refer to the original authors when you use or develop this code.

Kyrgyzstan Consumer Price: Avg: Coal data was reported at 6,896.287 KGS/Ton in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,952.401 KGS/Ton for Feb 2025. Kyrgyzstan Consumer Price: Avg: Coal data is updated monthly, averaging 4,052.579 KGS/Ton from Jan 2003 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 267 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,122.011 KGS/Ton in Dec 2024 and a record low of 985.835 KGS/Ton in Jul 2003. Kyrgyzstan Consumer Price: Avg: Coal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kyrgyzstan – Table KG.P001: Average Consumer Prices.

This article discusses the factors that influence the rate per kg of coal, including its type, quality, source, mining and transportation costs, market conditions, and government policies. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors when assessing the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of using coal as an energy source.

This dataset provides 10-minute interval time-series records from a coal-fired thermal power plant during January 2022, capturing 58 critical operational parameters across the boiler, turbine, flue gas system, and emissions controls. With 50,000+ rows, it serves as a high-resolution resource for efficiency analysis, predictive maintenance, and emissions monitoring.

Key Features Explained:

1. Steam Cycle Parameters: Main Steam Flow (t/h): Mass flow rate of steam generated by the boiler. Main Steam Temperature/Pressure (°C/MPa): Critical for turbine efficiency (boiler and turbine side). Reheat Steam Temperature/Pressure (°C/MPa): Measures steam conditions after reheating. Superheater/Reheater Desuperheating Water Flow (t/h): Water injected to control steam temperature. Feedwater Flow/Temperature/Pressure (t/h/°C/MPa): Pre-boiler water conditions.

2. Turbine Performance Metrics: Control Stage Pressure (MPa): Indicates turbine load. High Exhaust Pressure (MPa): Pressure at turbine exhaust. Condenser Vacuum (kPa): Critical for thermal efficiency. HP Turbine Efficiency (%): Calculated from enthalpy drops. ΔP Actual/Isentropic (kJ/kg): Real vs. ideal enthalpy changes.

3. Boiler & Combustion Metrics: Boiler Efficiency (%): Thermal efficiency. Flue Gas Temperature (°C): Post-combustion heat loss. Boiler Oxygen Level (%): Combustion air control. Coal Flow (t/h) & Energy Input (Kcal/h): Fuel consumption. APH (Air Preheater) Metrics: Leakage (%), effectiveness (%), O₂ levels (in/out: %).

4. Emissions & Environmental Controls: SO₂/NOx/CO/CO₂ (mg/m³ or ppm): Regulatory emissions. Dust (mg/m³): Particulate matter. Opacity (%): Smoke visibility.

5. Electrical Output & Efficiency: Gross/Nett Load (MW): Power generation. NTHR/NPHR (Kcal/KWh): Net turbine/plant heat rate. HHV (Kcal/Kg): Higher heating value of coal.

6. Thermodynamic Properties: Enthalpy/Entropy (kJ/kg): Steam conditions at turbine inlet. Cold Reheat Enthalpy (kJ/kg): Post-turbine stage.

Dataset Specifications:

1. Temporal & Structural Details: Time Resolution: 10-minute intervals (6 samples/hour). Coverage: January 2022 (full month of high-frequency data). Total Records: 50,000+ rows. Format: Tabular (CSV/Excel) with timestamped entries.

2. Parameter Coverage: Total Features: 58 unique operational parameters. Categories: Steam cycle (flow/temperature/pressure). Turbine performance (efficiency/stage pressures). Combustion metrics (coal flow, O₂ levels). Emissions (SO₂/NOx/CO/dust). Electrical output (MW, heat rate).

3. Units & Measurement Standards: Pressure: MPa (MegaPascals), kPa (kiloPascals). Temperature: °C (Celsius). Flow Rates: t/h (tons per hour), KNm³/h (KiloNormal cubic meters per hour). Emissions: mg/m³ (milligrams per cubic meter), ppm (parts per million). Energy: kJ/kg (kilojoules per kilogram), Kcal/h (kilocalories per hour).

4. Data Quality Notes: Missing/Anomalous Values: Negative emissions readings (e.g., CO) may indicate sensor calibration artifacts. Precision: Values logged to 2–8 decimal places.

Slovakia Energy Retail Price: Brown Coal data was reported at 15.660 EUR/100 kg in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.560 EUR/100 kg for Aug 2018. Slovakia Energy Retail Price: Brown Coal data is updated monthly, averaging 12.360 EUR/100 kg from Jan 1997 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 261 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.690 EUR/100 kg in Feb 2018 and a record low of 4.710 EUR/100 kg in Jan 1997. Slovakia Energy Retail Price: Brown Coal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.P003: Energy Retail Price.

The rate of coal per kg can vary based on factors such as the type and quality of coal, regional availability, and market demand. This article discusses the different types of coal, how they are priced, and the various factors that can influence the rate of coal per kg. Understanding these factors is important for businesses and consumers in the coal industry.

The price of coal is determined by various factors such as its quality, market demand, production costs, and global economic conditions. This article explores the different types of coal, the role of market demand, production costs, global economic conditions, and government policies in determining the price of coal per kilogram.

The global Coal Mining Conveyor Chain market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing coal production to meet global energy demands and ongoing investments in mine modernization and automation. While precise market size figures are unavailable, based on industry reports and comparable sectors exhibiting similar growth trajectories, we can reasonably estimate the 2025 market size to be around $2.5 billion USD. Considering a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5%, this indicates a significant expansion in the coming years. Key drivers include the rising demand for efficient and durable conveyor systems to handle the high volumes of coal extracted from mines, coupled with stringent safety regulations pushing for the adoption of advanced technologies. Emerging trends include the integration of smart sensors for predictive maintenance, the use of heavy-duty, corrosion-resistant materials to enhance chain lifespan, and the adoption of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) for improved material handling. However, factors like fluctuating coal prices, stringent environmental regulations limiting coal mining operations in certain regions, and the growing adoption of renewable energy sources pose potential restraints to market growth. The market is segmented by chain type (roller chains, slat chains, etc.), application (underground mining, surface mining), and region. Key players include RUD, CICSA, J.D. Theile GmbH & Co. KG, THIELE GmbH & Co. KG, Red Anchor, Jiangsu Asian Star Anchor Chain, FASING, Renold, Hangzhou Chinabase Machinery, Hengjiu Group, Changchun Northeast Transportation Equipment Manufacturing, Hebei Fanggong, FB Ketju, John King Company, HS Chain, and Tsubaki, each vying for market share through innovation and strategic partnerships. The projected CAGR of 5% suggests that the Coal Mining Conveyor Chain market will continue its upward trajectory throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is expected to be propelled by ongoing infrastructure development in emerging economies, particularly in Asia-Pacific regions experiencing significant coal production growth. Companies are actively engaged in research and development to improve the efficiency, durability, and safety of conveyor chains, while simultaneously exploring cost-effective manufacturing solutions. The market's future will depend on the delicate balance between the continued demand for coal, the evolving regulatory landscape, and the persistent drive towards sustainable energy solutions. Nevertheless, the projected growth suggests a considerable opportunity for established players and new entrants alike. This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global coal mining conveyor chain market, valued at approximately $2.5 billion in 2023. It delves into market dynamics, key players, and future growth prospects, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders. The report utilizes rigorous data analysis and incorporates expert opinions to provide a clear and actionable understanding of this crucial sector within the mining industry. The report covers key aspects including market size, segmentation, competitive landscape, and emerging trends, ultimately providing a roadmap for navigating the complexities of this evolving market.