The public and private per capita health expenditure differs significantly by country. As of 2023, the United States had by far the highest public per capita spending worldwide. Moreover, the U.S. had the second-highest private expenditure on health globally just after Switzerland. Health expenditures globally Health expenditures include the consumption of health goods, services and public health programs as well as insurance and government spending. Globally, health expenditures are on the rise. Among all countries the average per capita health expenditure is projected to see an increase of over 30 percent from the 2019 totals by the year 2050. Despite the growing expenditures, there are still countries with relatively low health expenditures. The countries with the lowest governmental health expenditure include South Sudan, Eritrea and Bangladesh. Health expenditures spotlight: the U.S. In 2021 the U.S. national health expenditure was at an all-time high. However, the projections indicate that total health expenditures will increase even more. The per capita health expenditures for the U.S. looked equally grim, with 2021 projected to be the most expensive year for health care on record. Despite having seen a significant increase in the total cost of health care in the U.S., trends indicate that the annual percentage change in health expenditures is decreasing over time.

The average for 2021 based on 186 countries was 1368.8 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in the USA: 11999.09 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Somalia: 14.63 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 2000 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2023, Singapore dominated the ranking of the world's health and health systems, followed by Japan and South Korea. The health index score is calculated by evaluating various indicators that assess the health of the population, and access to the services required to sustain good health, including health outcomes, health systems, sickness and risk factors, and mortality rates. The health and health system index score of the top ten countries with the best healthcare system in the world ranged between 82 and 86.9, measured on a scale of zero to 100.

Global Health Security Index  Numerous health and health system indexes have been developed to assess various attributes and aspects of a nation's healthcare system. One such measure is the Global Health Security (GHS) index. This index evaluates the ability of 195 nations to identify, assess, and mitigate biological hazards in addition to political and socioeconomic concerns, the quality of their healthcare systems, and their compliance with international finance and standards. In 2021, the United States was ranked at the top of the GHS index, but due to multiple reasons, the U.S. government failed to effectively manage the COVID-19 pandemic. The GHS Index evaluates capability and identifies preparation gaps; nevertheless, it cannot predict a nation's resource allocation in case of a public health emergency.

Universal Health Coverage Index  Another health index that is used globally by the members of the United Nations (UN) is the universal health care (UHC) service coverage index. The UHC index monitors the country's progress related to the sustainable developmental goal (SDG) number three. The UHC service coverage index tracks 14 indicators related to reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, service capacity, and access to care. The main target of universal health coverage is to ensure that no one is denied access to essential medical services due to financial hardships. In 2021, the UHC index scores ranged from as low as 21 to a high score of 91 across 194 countries. 

The North American and Caribbean region spent some 439 billion U.S. dollars on health care for people with diabetes in 2024. At that time, health care expenditures due to diabetes were the lowest in Africa and Southeast Asia. Global healthcare expenditure In 2024, diabetes-related health expenditure was by far the highest in the United States, with roughly 404.5 billion U.S. dollars, followed by China with 169 billion and Brazil with 45 billion U.S. dollars. Globally, an estimated one trillion U.S. dollars was spent on diabetes-related healthcare in 2024, meaning around 40 percent of the global expenditures for the treatment of diabetes was spent in the United States. Global healthcare spending for the condition is projected to grow to an estimated 1.04 trillion U.S. dollars by 2050. Diabetes-related mortality In 2024, around 1.2 million people died as a result of diabetes before the age of 80 in the Western Pacific, while the Europe saw around 433 thousand diabetes-related deaths. The Western Pacific also has the highest number of people between the ages of 20 and 79 with undiagnosed diabetes: in 2024, there were about 107.6 million undiagnosed diabetes cases in the Western Pacific region, while approximately 45.6 million Southeast Asians had undiagnosed diabetes.

The rationale for developing the EU HCCD for use in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) across countries is to provide a common dataset of international costs, which can feed into health economic evaluations carried out by transferring economic evaluation analysis and models across countries. Defining a core dataset of costs for use in HTA across countries enables analyses that try to understand the variation in costs within and across countries (taking into account the differences between the healthcare systems and other factors). Additionally, it makes it easier to carry out multi-country studies and to adapt economic evaluation studies from country to country by saving human resources time (and consequently costs) in the task of looking for healthcare costs.

According to a 2021 health care systems ranking among selected high-income countries, the U.S. came last in the overall ranking of its health care system performance. The overall ranking was based on five performance categories, including access to care, care processes, administrative efficiency, equity, and health care outcomes. Among the top ranked countries were Norway, the Netherlands, and Australia, while Switzerland, Canada, and the United States were among the lowest ranked.

Administrative efficiency and costs Generally, in countries like Norway, Australia, and New Zealand, where a single-payer health system is in place, there is higher administrative efficiency and lower health administrative costs. The U.S. with its multi-payer system, on the other hand, generates extra bureaucratic tasks for both health care providers and the patients. In the U.S. an estimated 256 million U.S. dollars are wasted per year due to administrative complexity. Equity The United States, without universal health coverage, has expectedly large disparities in health care affordability based on income, as individuals with low income are often uninsured and must pay for all their health care out-of-pocket. These results are in line with the equity rankings of this report where the U.S. also came last. With the performance category equity, it is important to point out that the report focuses on income-related disparities. Other disparities based on ethnicity, gender, geography, and more have not been taken into consideration.

The average for 2021 based on 10 countries was 46.11 index points. The highest value was in Singapore: 130.04 index points and the lowest value was in Laos: 21.7 index points. The indicator is available from 2017 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The average for 2021 based on 17 countries was 65.06 index points. The highest value was in Costa Rica: 128.98 index points and the lowest value was in Nicaragua: 28.86 index points. The indicator is available from 2017 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2023, U.S. national health expenditure as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) reached 17.6 percent, this was an increase on the previous year. The United States has the highest health spending based on GDP share among developed countries. Both public and private health spending in the U.S. is much higher than other developed countries. Why the U.S. pays so much moreWhile private health spending in Canada stays at around three percent and in Germany under two percent of the gross domestic product, it is nearly nine percent in the United States. Another reason for high costs can be found in physicians’ salaries, which are much higher in the U.S. than in other wealthy countries. A general practitioner in the U.S. earns nearly twice as much as the average physician in other high-income countries. Additionally, medicine spending per capita is also significantly higher in the United States. Finally, inflated health care administration costs are another of the predominant factors which make health care spending in the U.S. out of proportion. It is important to state that Americans do not pay more because they have a higher health care utilization, but mainly because of higher prices. Expected developmentsBy 2031, it is expected that health care spending in the U.S. will reach nearly one fifth of the nation’s gross domestic product. Or in dollar-terms, health care expenditures will accumulate to about seven trillion U.S. dollars in total.

In 2021, older adults in the United States were more likely than comparable countries to forgo a doctor's visit or medical tests/treatment due to cost. The difference between the U.S. and other countries is not as pronounced among elderlies because of the federal Medicare program. However, the issue of affordability of health care is much worse among adults under 65 years in the U.S. as it is the only one among the 11 surveyed countries without universal health insurance. This statistic presents the percentage of adults aged 65 and older who skipped doctor visit or medical test/treatment due to cost in the past year in select high-income countries in 2021.

IntroductionThis study systematically reviews costing studies of seasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) in high-income countries. Existing reviews on the economic impact of ILI do not report information on drug consumption and its costs, nor do they provide data on the overall cost per episode.MethodsThe PRISMA-P checklist was used to design the research protocol. Studies included were cost of illness analysis (COI) and modeling studies that estimated the cost of ILI episodes. Records were searched from January 2000 to December 2016 in electronic bibliographic databases including Medline, Embase, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, the Centre for Reviews and Disseminations of the University of York, and Google scholar. References from the included studies were hand-searched for completion. Abstract screening, full-text analysis and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently and discrepancies were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. A standardized, pre-piloted form was used for data extraction. All costs were converted to 2015 US$ Purchasing Power Parities.ResultsThe literature search identified 5,104 records. After abstract and title screening, 76 studies were analyzed full-text and 27 studies were finally included in the review. Full estimates of the cost per episode range from US$19 in Korea to US$323 in Germany. Particularly, the cost per episode of laboratory confirmed influenza cases was estimated between US$64 and US$73. Inpatient and outpatient services account for the majority of the costs. Differences in the estimates may reflect country-specific characteristics, as well as other study-specific features including study design, identification strategy of ILI cases, study populations and types of costs included in the analysis. Children usually register higher costs, whereas evidence for the elderly is less conclusive. Patients risk-profile, co-morbidities and complications are the other important cost-drivers. None of the papers considered appropriateness in resource use (e.g. abuse of antibiotics). Despite cost of illness studies have ultimately a descriptive role, evidence on (in)appropriateness is useful for policy-makers.

According to Cognitive Market Research, Health Insurance Market Size was USD XX Million in 2025 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Million by the end of 2033 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033.

North America region dominated the market and accounted for the highest revenue of XX% in 2024
Europe held share of xx% in the year 2024 
Asia-Pacific held significant share of xx% in the year 2024 
South America held significant share of xx% in the year 2024
Middle East and Africa held significant share of xx% in the year 2024 

Market Dynamics of Health Insurance Market

Key Drivers of Health Insurance Market

Rising Chronic Diseases Boosting the Health Insurance Market growth

The rising prevalence of chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke is significantly propelling the health insurance market. In the US alone, 1.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer annually. Over 38 million US adults suffer from diabetes, while nearly 100 million more have prediabetes, leading to greater demand for routine medical care and insurance coverage. Cardiovascular disease and stroke alone kill approximately 945,000 individuals each year with the healthcare system losing $254 billion annually and productivity worth $168 billion. These chronic conditions drive recurring healthcare needs, thereby making the need for health insurance products to absorb medical bills incurred earlier greater. Rising demand from chronic diseases and climbing healthcare costs is a decisive force on the global health insurance industry. Health insurance market growth is happening at a rapid rate in North America, where prevalence is high due to advanced healthcare infrastructure and greater awareness of insurance benefits. This trend points to the necessity of health insurance in protecting people against poverty and enabling access to treatment in the context of the increasing burden of chronic conditions worldwide.

Government Initiatives and Regulations

Government regulations such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the U.S. and similar policies worldwide are driving health insurance enrollment by making insurance more accessible and affordable, often with subsidies and mandates for coverage.

Aging Population

The global aging population is one of the main drivers for health insurance as older individuals typically face higher healthcare needs, prompting a surge in demand for comprehensive health coverage.

Key Restraints of Health Insurance Market

Rising insurance premiums to hamper the health insurance market growth

The increasing cost of insurance premium particularly for chronic diseases is suppressing the development of the health insurance market. This is due to inflation raises the general cost of healthcare services like hospital stays, medical treatment, prescription drugs, and healthcare professionals' wages. For 2025, insurers have asked for an average premium increase of about 7%, largely driven by medical inflation that is higher than general economic inflation. Healthcare costs, especially hospital prices, have risen due to factors like hospital consolidation-which reduced competition-and workforce shortages that raise operating expenses. Additionally, the growing use of high-priced specialty drugs further boosts insurers' costs. Because insurers must cover these higher medical expenses, they pass on the greater expense to consumers in the form of higher premiums. For example, hospital systems have requested double-digit annual price increases, and the price of diagnostic and surgical procedures has soared over the past few years. Inflation also affects administrative and operational costs for insurers, which leads to premium hikes. From the consumer perspective, higher premiums reduce affordability, making health insurance harder to buy or maintain for individuals and families-especially those with low and moderate incomes. Unaffordable premiums discourage healthy individuals from enrolling, shrinking the risk pool and triggering further premium hikes, creating a cycle that destabilizes the market. Employers also face higher costs, which can translate into reduced benefits or a shift toward part-time work without insurance. Briefly, inflationary increases in healthcare costs directly elevate the premiums of health insurance, limiting access and affordability.

(Source:https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/health-indus...

In 2023, the total healthcare expenditure per capita was approximately ******* U.S. dollars. Followed by Norway, which spent ******* U.S. dollars per capita.

In 2020, the share of daily nursing home costs that are handled by public authorities or insurances varies greatly from one European country to another. How European countries regulate nursing home costs depends on their public health expense policies. Long-term care is a significant part of a country’s healthcare expenditure. To a certain extent, health costs and medical expenses are financed by local authorities, national or regional health insurance, and national nursing care insurance. In Ireland, ** percent of the cost per day of a nursing home was borne by the financial support derived from the Fair Deal Scheme. In Czechia, only ** percent of the daily nursing home costs were supported by health insurance. The complex landscape of European nursing homes In 2020, the landscape of nursing homes in Europe was diverse with different shares of homes owned by public or private institutions. During that year, over ** percent of nursing homes were publicly owned in Norway and Denmark. Within privately owned homes, some were for-profit and others not. For instance, ** percent of nursing homes were owned by for-profit private companies in the UK, whereas ** percent of nursing homes were owned by the private non-profit sector in the Netherlands. Therefore, the share of nursing home beds managed by the public or private sector was also very different from one European country to another. The costs of nursing homes in Europe In 2019, the average daily cost of a care home could reach over *** euros in some European countries and less than ** euros in others. During that year, the average monthly cost of a care home amounted to **** euros in the United Kingdom and Germany. The cost of care homes is expected to increase as the need will escalate in Europe due to its aging population. Nonetheless, European health systems rely significantly on informal care, a potentially risky strategy.

Dementia is a major cause of dependency and disability among older persons, and imposes huge economic burdens. Only a few cost-of-illness studies for dementia have been carried out in middle and low-income countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze costs of dementia in demented patients of a private clinic in Lima, Peru. Methods. We performed a retrospective, cohort, 3-month study by extracting information from medical records of demented patients to assess the use of both healthcare and non-healthcare resources. The total costs of the disease were broken down into direct (medical and social care costs) and indirect costs (informal care costs). Results. In 136 outpatients, we observed that while half of non-demented patients had total care costs of less than US$ 23 over three months, demented patients had costs of US$ 1500 or over (and more than US$ 1860 for frontotemporal dementia). In our study, the monthly cost of a demented patient (US$ 570) was 2.5 times higher than the minimum wage (legal minimum monthly wage in Peru for 2011: US$ 222.22). Conclusion. Dementia constitutes a socioeconomic problem even in developing countries, since patients involve high healthcare and non-healthcare costs, with the costs being especially high for the patient's family.

In 2021, older adults in Switzerland were most likely to report out-of-pocket health care costs of more than 2,000 U.S. dollars compared to other high-income countries. The United States came second in this ranking of older adults having high out-of-pocket costs. The situation of high health costs is not as bad in the U.S. among older adults due to the Medicare program. However, in the U.S. high health costs coupled with a large number of uninsured means that for adults under 65 years, a much higher percentage had trouble paying medical bills compared to other high-income countries. This statistic presents the percentage of adults aged 65 and older who reported out-of-pocket health costs of more than 2,000 USD in the past year in select high-income countries in 2021.

ObjectivesInformation on healthcare costs in low-and-middle-income countries is limited. This study presents a framework to perform healthcare cost estimates for each province in China.MethodsThis study has two aims. Using cervical cancer as an example, the first aim is to use data (including micro-costing data) from one province to derive estimates for other provinces in China. This used provincial and national Chinese-language statistical reports and considered levels of service delivery, hospital-seeking behaviour, and the urban/rural population distribution. The second aim is to characterise the relationship between the reference costs estimated using the method mentioned above and two sets of cost estimates derived using simplified cost-scaling method with per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Human Development Index (HDI). For simplified methods, regression modelling characterised the relationship between province-specific healthcare costs and macro-economic indicators, then we used the exponential fit to extrapolate costs.ResultsUsing the reference method, the estimated costs were found to vary substantially by urban/rural regions and between provinces; the ratios of highest to lowest provincial costs were 3.5 for visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), 4.4 for cold knife conisation (CKC) and 4.6 for stage II cancer treatment. The HDI-based scaling method generally resulted in a better fit to reference costs than the GDP method.ConclusionsThese reference costs for cervical cancer can inform cost-effectiveness evaluation of cervical screening and HPV vaccination in China. HDI-based methods for cost-scaling-based on social, as well as purely economic, factors-have potential to provide more accurate estimates.

In line with Standard 10 of the Central Digital and Data Office (CDDO), this dataset provides performance data for the Overseas Healthcare Services - Cost Recovery Service. The dataset includes metrics such as Completion Rate and Digital Take-up for submissions of secondary healthcare treatment costs for overseas visitors from European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. These submissions are made to the NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) by Overseas Visitor Managers (OVMs) and their teams at hospital Trusts across the UK. Additionally, the dataset incorporates findings from the Customer Satisfaction Survey, which evaluates the end-to-end service experience. Key Metrics: Total Transactions: The total number of treatment costs successfully submitted to the NHSBSA. Completion Rate: The percentage of submissions marked as 'Completed' relative to those 'Started'. Digital Take-up: The proportion of transactions conducted via digital channels, calculated as digital transactions divided by total transactions from all channels. Cost Per Transaction: Not applicable (N/A). Customer Satisfaction: Based on responses from OVMs to the Customer Satisfaction Survey. Responses are scored from 1 to 10, with scores of 7-10 considered positive. Overview of Service This information pertains to ‘Overseas Visitor Managers’ (OVMs) and their teams, who operate within secondary healthcare provider settings across the UK. One of their key responsibilities is to report treatment costs incurred by overseas visitors from EU and EFTA countries to the NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). Acting as the UK’s competent authority, the NHSBSA processes these costs and claims them back from the patient’s Member State country, with the purpose of ensuring financial reimbursement for the benefit of the UK taxpayer.

Health and Medical Insurance Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global health and medical insurance market size reached USD 2.12 trillion in 2024, reflecting robust expansion driven by rising healthcare expenditures and increased awareness of health protection. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.8% from 2025 to 2033, projecting a market size of USD 4.19 trillion by 2033. This trajectory is underpinned by the proliferation of advanced healthcare services, digital transformation in insurance delivery, and a growing emphasis on preventive care, which are collectively fueling the demand for comprehensive health and medical insurance coverage worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors for the health and medical insurance market is the escalating cost of medical treatment, which has made health insurance indispensable for individuals and families across the globe. The increasing prevalence of chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, has heightened the need for financial protection against unforeseen medical expenses. As healthcare costs continue to rise, both in developed and emerging economies, consumers are seeking insurance products that offer broader coverage, lower out-of-pocket expenses, and value-added services such as wellness programs and telemedicine. This trend is further amplified by government initiatives in several countries to make health insurance mandatory or to provide subsidies, thereby expanding the insured population base.

Another significant driver is the rapid digitalization of the insurance sector, which has revolutionized the way health and medical insurance products are marketed, sold, and serviced. The adoption of online portals, mobile applications, and digital payment solutions has simplified the insurance purchasing process, making it more convenient and accessible for end-users. Insurers are leveraging big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to personalize insurance offerings, streamline claims processing, and enhance customer engagement. These technological advancements have not only improved operational efficiency but also increased transparency and trust among policyholders, contributing to higher penetration rates in both urban and rural markets.

Moreover, the shift in consumer mindset towards preventive healthcare and wellness has significantly influenced the evolution of the health and medical insurance market. Insurers are increasingly offering products that incentivize healthy lifestyles, such as discounts for regular health check-ups, gym memberships, and participation in wellness programs. This proactive approach is being embraced by corporates as well, who are investing in group health insurance plans that cover preventive care, mental health support, and chronic disease management for their employees. The integration of value-added services has not only enhanced the attractiveness of insurance products but also fostered long-term customer loyalty and retention.

Regionally, the market exhibits diverse growth patterns, with Asia Pacific and North America emerging as the most dynamic regions. Asia Pacific is witnessing exponential growth due to rising middle-class incomes, expanding healthcare infrastructure, and supportive government policies. North America, on the other hand, remains the largest market, driven by high healthcare spending, widespread insurance adoption, and continuous product innovation. Europe follows closely, characterized by a well-established public healthcare system and a growing preference for supplemental private insurance. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, spurred by economic development, urbanization, and increasing awareness of the benefits of health insurance.

The role of Personal Accident and Health Insurance is becoming increasingly significant as individuals seek comprehensive protection against unforeseen events. This type of insurance not only covers medical expenses arising from accidents but also provides financial compensation for temporary or permanent disabilities. As healthcare costs continue to rise, the demand for policies that offer both accident and health coverage is growing, especially among high-risk professions and active lifestyles. Insurers are responding by

Healthcare Cost Containment Solutions Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Healthcare Cost Containment Solutions market size reached USD 41.6 billion in 2024, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8% projected through 2033. By 2033, the market is expected to reach USD 82.2 billion, driven by rising healthcare expenditures, the increasing adoption of digital health technologies, and the urgent need for efficient cost management across healthcare systems worldwide. The acceleration of value-based care models and regulatory mandates for transparency are significant contributors to this growth, as per our latest research.

One of the primary growth factors for the Healthcare Cost Containment Solutions market is the persistent escalation of healthcare costs globally. Healthcare expenditure continues to outpace GDP growth in most developed and developing countries, putting immense financial pressure on both public and private payers. This dynamic has compelled stakeholders to seek innovative solutions to control costs without compromising patient care quality. The proliferation of chronic diseases, aging populations, and the introduction of high-cost specialty drugs have further amplified the urgency for robust cost containment strategies. As a result, healthcare providers and payers are increasingly investing in advanced analytics, automation, and integrated platforms that streamline administrative processes, detect fraud, and optimize resource allocation, thereby reducing wasteful spending and enhancing operational efficiency.

Another significant driver for the Healthcare Cost Containment Solutions market is the rapid digital transformation occurring within the healthcare sector. The integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cloud-based platforms into healthcare operations has revolutionized cost containment by enabling real-time data analysis, predictive modeling, and automated claims processing. These technological advancements facilitate proactive identification of billing errors, fraud, and unnecessary procedures, resulting in substantial cost savings. Furthermore, the shift toward electronic health records (EHRs) and interoperable systems has improved data transparency and coordination among stakeholders, making it easier to track expenditures and implement evidence-based interventions. As healthcare organizations continue to embrace digital solutions, the demand for sophisticated cost containment tools is expected to rise substantially.

Regulatory reforms and policy initiatives have also played a crucial role in shaping the Healthcare Cost Containment Solutions market. Governments and regulatory bodies across the globe are enforcing policies that promote price transparency, bundled payments, and value-based reimbursement models. These measures are designed to incentivize healthcare providers to deliver high-quality care at lower costs, aligning financial incentives with patient outcomes. Additionally, the increasing focus on population health management and preventive care has encouraged payers and providers to invest in care management and pharmacy benefit management solutions. These solutions not only help in managing costs but also improve patient adherence to treatment protocols, reduce hospital readmissions, and enhance overall health outcomes, reinforcing the market's upward trajectory.

Bundled Payments Solutions have emerged as a pivotal strategy within the healthcare cost containment landscape, offering a structured approach to managing healthcare expenditures. By consolidating multiple services into a single payment, these solutions encourage providers to deliver efficient, high-quality care while minimizing unnecessary costs. This model aligns financial incentives with patient outcomes, fostering collaboration across the care continuum. As healthcare systems increasingly shift towards value-based care, bundled payments are gaining traction as a means to reduce variability in treatment costs and enhance care coordination. The adoption of Bundled Payments Solutions is expected to drive significant improvements in cost efficiency and patient satisfaction, making them an integral component of modern healthcare strategies.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Healthcare Cost Containment Solutions m