Residential rents in urban areas in the United States have grown faster than the general basket of products and services of the urban population. In 2024, the consumer price index (CPI) for rent of primary residences reached 420 index points, more than 100 index points more than the CPI for all items. The CPI measures the development of prices, with 1984 chosen as a base year. An index value of 400 indicates that rents have quadrupled since 1984.

The available data collection compiles the most important price indices of living costs published in official price statistics. The price indices for the standard of living are to show, in which measure the haouseholds’ standard of living increased or decreased in price due to price alteration, but unaffected by changes by consumers’ behaviour. Therefore, the consumer price indices are to measure the pure price development, isolated from changes in quantity or quality. Basis of the index is the supposition, that the structure of private households’ consumer expenditures doesn’t have changed since the basis-year (Laspeyres-Index). The consumer price index covers groups of goods, which are bought and/or used by the private households. The private households’ expenditure structure is the basis of this price index, therefore the index is to be regarded as a “purchase price index” for private ultimate consumer. Aim of the consumer price statistics is – as it is the aim of the whole official price statistics – the registration of price changes. Therefore their most important results are price indices to a certain base year and not average prices in absolute height. Furthermore, living-cost price indices informs about the percental increas or decrease of the goods’ and achievments’ prices (in relation to a base year). Topics List of data-tables in the search- and downloadsystem HISTAT: A. Living-cost price index of all private households and living-cost price index by household-types (1948-2001). B. Living-cost price index by consumption-groups and main groups; structure by goods, achievements and use of dwellings; structuring by COICOP; housing rents, motorist-price index (1948-2001); C. Consumer prices since 1881; Cost of living since 1924; Price index for nutrition (1881-1913); Realm index figures for living-cost: blue-colour-worker-households with 5 persons by consumption groups (1924-1944); D. Monthly values: Living-cost-price index of all private households (1962-2001); Living-cost-price index of a 4-persons-household with middle income (1950-2001), base years: 1913/14, 1938 = 100 (1948-1994); E. Living-cost price index: international tables (1960-2001).

Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Akmolinskaya data was reported at 27,356.000 KZT in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 27,579.000 KZT for Sep 2018. Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Akmolinskaya data is updated monthly, averaging 11,893.000 KZT from Oct 2000 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 217 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28,447.000 KZT in Aug 2018 and a record low of 4,060.000 KZT in Oct 2000. Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Akmolinskaya data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.H012: Cost of Living: Average per Capita.

The authors constructed a state cost of living index for the 48 continental United States, measured annually for the period 1960 through 2003 (to update an index for 1960-1995 introduced in the authors' May 2000 Journal of Politics article).

Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: City: Almaty data was reported at 32,029.000 KZT in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32,475.000 KZT for Sep 2018. Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: City: Almaty data is updated monthly, averaging 15,920.000 KZT from Oct 2000 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 217 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32,640.000 KZT in Aug 2018 and a record low of 4,577.000 KZT in Oct 2000. Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: City: Almaty data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.H012: Cost of Living: Average per Capita.

Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Zhambylskaya data was reported at 24,853.000 KZT in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 23,873.000 KZT for May 2018. Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Zhambylskaya data is updated monthly, averaging 11,321.000 KZT from Oct 2000 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 213 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,853.000 KZT in Jun 2018 and a record low of 3,326.000 KZT in Oct 2000. Kazakhstan Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Zhambylskaya data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.H012: Cost of Living: Average per Capita.

Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Severo-Kazakhstanskaya data was reported at 25,722.000 KZT in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 23,990.000 KZT for May 2018. Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Severo-Kazakhstanskaya data is updated monthly, averaging 12,137.000 KZT from Oct 2000 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 213 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25,722.000 KZT in Jun 2018 and a record low of 3,856.000 KZT in Oct 2000. Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Severo-Kazakhstanskaya data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.H012: Cost of Living: Average per Capita.

The Consumer Price Index of the United Kingdom was 138.5 in the second quarter of 2025, indicating that consumer prices have increased by 38.5 percent when compared with the first quarter of 2015. As of June 2025, the inflation rate for the CPI was 3.6 percent, an uptick from March, when prices were rising by 2.6 percent. A long period of elevated inflation between 2021 and 2023 peaked in October 2022 and saw prices increase by over 20 percent in just three years. Uptick in inflation expected in 2025 In late 2024, the UK's main economic forecaster, the Office for Budget Responsibility, predicted that the annual inflation rate for 2025 would average out at around 2.6 percent. In March 2025, however, the OBR revised this figure upward, with annual inflation now expected to be 3.2 percent. This uptick in inflation is predicted to peak in the third quarter of the year at 3.7 percent before falling to two percent by the second quarter of 2026. Although this period of higher inflation is predicted to be far less severe than in 2022, it will no doubt put further pressure on households already struggling with their cost of living. Cost of living woes continue The share of UK households reporting that their cost of living was increasing has been steadily rising since Summer 2024. At that time, less than half of UK households reported rising costs, down from 91 percent two years earlier. As of March 2025, however, 59 percent of households said their costs were rising, the highest figure since 2023. Of these households, 93 percent reported that their food shop was increasing, with three quarters of them reporting higher energy costs. With higher inflation predicted in 2025, the pressure on UK households will likely continue, although a crisis on the scale of 2021-2023 will hopefully be avoided.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

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Abstract

The Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions (JSLC) was implemented to establish baseline measures of household welfare and then to monitor the impact of Jamaica's Human Resources Development Program on health, education and nutrition. The JSLC differs from other LSMS surveys in its relatively narrow focus and greater emphasis on immediate policy impact.The JSLC is linked to the ongoing quarterly Labor Force Survey (LFS). The households are visited once for the standard LFS. Then a subset of households are revisited about a month later for the SLC.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design used for the JSLC was derived from the Labor Force Survey. The LFS sampling strategy is a two stage stratified process designed to select approximately one and a half percent of the dwellings in Jamaica. In the first stage, enumeration districts are selected from a geographic frame. In the second, households are selected from the frame of dwellings in the enumeration district. The sample is self-weighted, that is each household in Jamaica is equally likely to be included in the survey sample. From 1988 through 2000, there have been four versions of the LFS sample design which have been used as the basis of the JSLC sample.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Unlike many LSMS surveys, the JSLC does not include price and community questionnaires. Because Jamaica is small and has a good transport network, regional price variation was expected to be small and, for this reason, price data were not collected. Much of the distance to, and availability of, services and infrastructure that is usually gathered in the LSMS community questionnaire is collected in the JSLC’s household, health services and school questionnaires described below.

Core Questionnaire : For each round of the JSLC, the household questionnaire has included modules covering health, education, anthropometric measurements for all children less than five years old, daily expenses, consumption expenditures, non-consumption expenditures, food expenses, consumption of home production, housing, an inventory of durable goods, other household income, and food stamps. Employment and job search information for all adults age 14 or older is available from the Labor Force Survey. The JSLC household questionnaire was completed in one interview approximately one month after the Labor Force Survey. The JSLC questionnaire has undergone substantial revision since 1988, reflecting accumulated experience and changing demands for data. For example, the food stamps and other income modules were added after the 1988 survey, in which these subjects were addressed only briefly in the housing module.

Cleaning operations

Data entry is done in The Surveys and Computer Systems Divisions in the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN) by its own data entry operators. The cleaning process (after the questionnaires have left the field) has been standardized since 1989-2. Before data entry, the questionnaires are edited and coded, where necessary, by the Editors-Coders at STATIN. The number of questions that require coding in the office is intentionally kept very low. Clerical errors are removed, where possible, and checks are made for consistency using the data entry program. The area classification is then checked using a computer program.

Annual indexes for major components and special aggregates of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), for Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit. Data are presented for the last five years. The base year for the index is 2002=100.

The Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the main measures of inflation used to calculate the change in the price of goods and services within the British economy. In the second quarter of 2025 the index value was 403.2, indicating that the price for a fixed basket of goods had increased by almost more than 300 percent since 1987. The RPI inflation rate for June 2025 was 4.4 percent, up from 3.2 percent in March 2025 Inflation and UK living standards For UK consumers, high inflation is one of the main drivers of the ongoing cost of living crisis. With wages struggling to keep up with the pace of inflation for a long period between 2021 and 2023, UK households saw their living standards fall significantly. In 2022/23, real household disposable income in the UK is estimated to have fallen by 2.1 percent, which was the biggest fall in living standards since 1956. While there have been some signals that the crisis eased somewhat in 2024, such as falling energy and food inflation, an increasing share of UK households have reported increasing living costs since Summer 2024. Additional inflation indicators Aside from the Retail Price Index, the UK also produces other inflation indices such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH). While these particular indices measure consumer price increases slightly differently, they both provide an overall picture of rising prices. More specific inflation rates, such as by sector, are also produced, while other indices omit certain items, such as core inflation, which excludes food and energy inflation, to provide a more stable measure of inflation.

The available data collection compiles the most important price indices of living costs published in official price statistics. The price indices for the standard of living are to show, in which measure the haouseholds’ standard of living increased or decreased in price due to price alteration, but unaffected by changes by consumers’ behaviour. Therefore, the consumer price indices are to measure the pure price development, isolated from changes in quantity or quality. Basis of the index is the supposition, that the structure of private households’ consumer expenditures doesn’t have changed since the basis-year (Laspeyres-Index). The consumer price index covers groups of goods, which are bought and/or used by the private households. The private households’ expenditure structure is the basis of this price index, therefore the index is to be regarded as a “purchase price index” for private ultimate consumer. Aim of the consumer price statistics is – as it is the aim of the whole official price statistics – the registration of price changes. Therefore their most important results are price indices to a certain base year and not average prices in absolute height. Furthermore, living-cost price indices informs about the percental increas or decrease of the goods’ and achievments’ prices (in relation to a base year).

Topics

List of data-tables in the search- and downloadsystem HISTAT:

A. Living-cost price index of all private households and living-cost price index by household-types (1948-2001).

B. Living-cost price index by consumption-groups and main groups; structure by goods, achievements and use of dwellings; structuring by COICOP; housing rents, motorist-price index (1948-2001);

C. Consumer prices since 1881; Cost of living since 1924; Price index for nutrition (1881-1913); Realm index figures for living-cost: blue-colour-worker-households with 5 persons by consumption groups (1924-1944);

D. Monthly values: Living-cost-price index of all private households (1962-2001); Living-cost-price index of a 4-persons-household with middle income (1950-2001), base years: 1913/14, 1938 = 100 (1948-1994);

E. Living-cost price index: international tables (1960-2001).

After a steep decline, starting in 2010 and culminating in the bottom value of 19,939 euros, average annual wages in Portugal increased to unprecedented figures. By 2021, the mean wage per year of work was 21,717 euros, despite the more than 200-euro drop that followed in 2022. By 2023, annual wages rose to 22,006 euros. The salary increase is not enough to tackle living expenses The surge in salaries is even more evident when considering minimum annual wages. Following a period of stagnation between 2011 and 2014, the Portuguese minimum annual salary has been on a hike, reaching 11,480 euros by 2024. This rise is relevant when considering the impact of growing inflation on the prices of goods and services, as it restores some purchasing power to workers. Nevertheless, 50 percent of Portuguese people stated, in 2023, that their professional income was mostly not enough to face up to living expenses. Youngsters and women struggle the most when it comes to unemployment and salary amounts The unemployment rate in the country was at six percent in the second quarter of 2024, having decreased from the previous quarter. People between 16 and 24 years of age were the most affected by unemployment, with shares of 22 percent in the same quarter. Women followed as the second most impacted by this social issue. The gender gap is also notorious when it comes to wages. In 2022, women’s average monthly salaries were over 13 percent lower than the salaries of their male counterparts, which impairs women in the tackling of the rising cost of living.

Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya data was reported at 28,860.000 KZT in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 27,078.000 KZT for May 2018. Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya data is updated monthly, averaging 12,121.000 KZT from Oct 2000 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 213 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28,860.000 KZT in Jun 2018 and a record low of 3,949.000 KZT in Oct 2000. Cost of Living: Average per Capita: Region: Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.H012: Cost of Living: Average per Capita.

Abstract

The Household Budget Survey has been regularly conducted since July 1995 by Statistics Estonia (formerly known as the Statistical Office of Estonia).

The goals of Estonia Household Budget Survey are to get reliable information about the economic situation of households; to calculate indicators reflecting socio-economic development of the society (standards of living, cost of living, inequality, poverty, etc.); to project socio-political measures and estimate their effectiveness.

Since 2000 the survey uses a new methodology, modified with the help of a grant from the World Bank. The main alterations were: - the sampling design was changed; - documents identifying household and the questionnaires were redesigned; - the diaries and questionnaires on the income and expenditure data of households were made more handy and user-friendly; - the usage of data in macro-economics was revised; - the organization of interviewing was somewhat altered.

Population of Household Budget Survey is all Estonian non-institutional households. Inhabitants of the nursing homes, prisons, boarding schools and monasteries do not belong to the population of HBS. To reduce the cost of the survey, the monthly sample size was reduced to 820 households. The Population Register is used to randomly select the households. Each household is interviewed twice; the rotation period is 12 months.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households,
• Individuals.

Universe

Population of Household Budget Survey is all Estonian non-institutional households. Inhabitants of the nursing homes, prisons, boarding schools and monasteries do not belong to the population of HBS.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

As in previous years, the Population Register (PR) is used for selection of a random sample. PR is a database (run by Andmevara Ltd) of all individuals living in Estonia (citizens and those having living permission). It includes a record for every person with person's name, personal identification code, address code and some other indicators.

The sampling frame is a part of the PR comprising of people 15 years old and older (earlier the age limit was 16 years). Respondents are chosen from the Population Register records by stratified systematic random sampling. Previously the households were repeatedly interviewed according to the rotation scheme. The rotation period was three months and each household was interviewed, in general, three times. Since 2000, each household is interviewed twice, the rotation period is 12 months, whereas every year half of the sample is replaced.

Detailed information about sampling is available in "Estonia Household Budget Survey Methodology" in external resources.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The following survey instruments are used in the study:

1) Household Survey contains general data about the size and composition of the household (number of members, age, gender, relationship to the head of the household, nationality, educational level, ability to work, relation to work, area of occupation, form of ownership of enterprise, social group and group of occupation of household members).

Part A of the questionnaire contains general information and information about the structure of the household, part B - general information on the household members, part C covers the household's dwelling and part D - the immovable and movable property of the household.

2) The diary book of food expenditure contains data about the food expenditure of the household during half a month (half of the sample fills in the diary in the first half of the month - from 1st to 15th day - and half of the sample does it in the second half of the month - from 16th to 30th (31st) day of the month). Eating out and the consumption of self-produced or free food products are registered as well.

3) The diary book of income, taxes and expenditure contains data about monetary and non-monetary income of the surveyed month, taxes paid by the household and goods and services bought by the household. The separate parts in the diary are for recording the expenditure on construction and renovation activities and expenditure related to the household's economic and production activities and lastly expenditure on the investment of money and other transactions (depositing, borrowing, lending of money, etc).

Study on elderly people living in an independent unit in sheltered housing. (housing-care complex, senior housing complex, woonzorgcomplex, zorgcentrum, wooncentrum, aanleunwoning, inleunwoning, serviceflat). Respondents are questioned about their physical and mental health, mobility, activities, living conditions, relations, financial situation. If a respondent is not able to answer the questions a proxy is asked (a family member or a staff member). Data on the institutions were also collected. Reason for moving to this type of housing, how long in sheltered housing, situation before moving / how long had to wait to move to sheltered housing, move alone or with partner, who needed help most. Housing: how many rooms, all on same level, adapted for handicapped / owner-occupier or rental / valuation of living in sheltered housing / wants to move house, why, to what type of housing / waiting for vacancy in a nursing home. Health: satisfaction with own health / does r. have pain / how many days ill in last two weeks / which illnesses, bedridden, incontinence / difficulties with sitting and standing / test of cognitive functions, memory / self rating: eyesight, hearing / medical care: use of drugs, how often visit g.p., medical specialist, physiotherapist, hospital admissions, how many days, mental health care, depression / does r. have alarm system, ever used it. Relations and activities: relation with family / how often visitors, pay visits / does r. practice sports / which recreational, cultural facilities visited / recreational facilities on site / loneliness / holiday, how often / membership of organizations / does r. possess 65+ card / possibility to cook / r. makes own cold, hot meals / r. eats hot meals in dining room or own room / does r. need help with personal care, housekeeping / does r. give help to others. Mobility: does r. need help to move around / how often gets outside / does r. use wheelchair, walking frame, adapted car, adapted scooter or bicycle, costs of transport / use of public transport, special transport for elderly or handicapped, why not / use of taxi, car, bicycle. Finance: gross income, expenses / living costs / does r. have enough money to go on a one week holiday each year, buy new clothes, buy presents, go out, make telephone calls / cost made for dentist, dentures / health insurance, costs / who takes care of finance / does r. have own telephone, newspaper, cost of newspaper telephone, television, television guide. Religion: in youth, now / life after death / r. how often pray, go to church / talk to religious person. Background variables: year of birth / marital status / where is partner living / year of birth partner / no. children / education, education partner / r., parents, born in which country.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Laos increased to 256.90 points in September from 254.50 points in August of 2025. This dataset provides - Laos Consumer Price Index Cpi- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.