When adjusted for inflation, the 2024 federal minimum wage in the United States is over 40 percent lower than the minimum wage in 1970. Although the real dollar minimum wage in 1970 was only 1.60 U.S. dollars, when expressed in nominal 2024 dollars this increases to 13.05 U.S. dollars. This is a significant difference from the federal minimum wage in 2024 of 7.25 U.S. dollars.

Abstract

The CPI is a current social and economic indicator constructed to measure changes over time in the general level of prices of consumer goods and services that households acquire, use, or pay for. The index measures changes in consumer prices over time by measuring the cost of purchasing a fixed basket of consumer goods and services of constant quality and similar characteristics. The products in the basket are selected to be representative of households' expenditure during a specific year. Such an index is called a fixed-basket price index. Changes in the index reflect the effects of price changes on the cost of achieving a constant standard of living.

The South African CPI has three equally important objectives: 1. To measure inflation in the economy so that macroeconomic policy is based on comprehensive and up-to-date price information. 2. To measure changes in the cost of living of South African households to promote equity in measures taken to adjust wages, grants, service agreements and contracts. 3. To provide a deflator for consumer expenditure in the national accounts and other economic data, to compute volume (as opposed to nominal) estimates.

In compiling the South African CPI, Stats SA largely follows the methodology guidelines in the 2020 Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods published jointly by the International Monetary Fund, International Labour Organization, Statistical Office of the European Union, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Bank.

Kind of data

Time-Series

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

State minimum wage is changed annually based on changes in the CPI and a cost of living formula.

For more information, visit https://www.dol.gov/whd/state/stateMinWageHis.htm

This dataset covers ballots 339-44, spanning January, March, May, July, September and November 1970. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 339 - January This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on leading topics of the day. The questions are mostly politically based, and some of the subjects are taxation, prices, politics, pollution, and opinions towards marijuana. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: Anglo-French relations; the Benson tax reform; dangers of pollution; the influence American television programmes have; the legalization of Marijuana; morality of sex before marriage; Marijuana use; political preferences; proposed law for trimester abortion; possibility of a price freeze; the quality of news coverage in Canada; the rate of Canadian dependency; ratings of government services; reliable media coverage; whether or not big cities should get a bigger tax share; the possibility of a wage freeze; and who gains the most from rising prices. Basic demographic variables are also included. 340 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on issues of importance to the government, and the country in general. The majority of the questions are politically based, asking opinions towards Canada's political leaders, parties, and policies. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: adequacy of teacher's pay; allowing Catholic priests to marry; the approval of the government's record to date; attending church; the ideal number of kids in a family; whether or not married women should be working outside of the home; political preferences; the possibility of provinces separating from Canada to join U.S.; the ratings of Stanfield as Opposition leader; the ratings of Trudeau as Prime Minister; the successfulness of wage-cost restraint; and the U.S. withdrawing from Vietnam. Basic demographic variables are also included. 341 - May This Gallup poll focuses mainly on gathering the opinions of Canadians towards issues of importance to the country and government. Most of the questions have something to do with politics, asking about political leaders, parties and politics. This survey contains a large section about taxation, and proposed tax reforms. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of money for the Old Age Pensions; the approval of capital gains tax; the approval of labour unions; big business's influence on Canada; birth control use; cabinet member's influence on Canada; Canadian and American television; denture wearers; the effects of tax reform; those who filed a tax return; whether or not the government is giving farmer's a square deal; if Canada has higher taxes then the United States; the influence labour unions have on Canada; making impaired drivers take breathalyser tests; the minimum requirements for percentage of Canadian material on television; the influence M.P.'s have on Canada; political preference; the preferred area of residence; the Prime Minister's influence on Canada; ratings of the Finance Minister's performance; ratings of the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs; ratings of the Minister of Labour's performance; removing the Queen from stamps; the safety of birth control pills; satisfaction with amount of taxes; the seriousness of Quebec quitting the confederation; and if tight money policies will help inflation. Basic demographic variables are also included. 342 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as wages and inflation, and attitudes towards marijuana. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: a 6% pay limit increase; Canada becoming a Republic instead of being under the Queen's reign; divorce rates; fighting inflation; having fines for Marijuana possession instead of jail time; laws regulating labour unions; the lies in commercials; the Maritimes becoming one province; political preferences; the threat of Quebec separation if Bourassa is elected as Premier of Quebec; raising wages to keep up with the cost of living; the rating of Eric Kierans as Postmaster General; the rating of J.J. Greene as Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources; rating of John Turner as Finance Minister; the rise of unemployment; and the West becoming one province. Basic demographic variables are also included. 343 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and satisfaction levels. There are also questions on other topics such as economic conditions, the Feminist movement and employment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. The topics of interest include: the amount of attention paid to Quebec; the Canadian economy; control of U.S. firms; the Feminist movement; helping people in poor areas; improving highway safety; improving housings; improving public education; issues that need the government's attention; how long one can live without working; Nixon's performance; preparing children for the future; political preferences; reducing the amount of crime; reducing pollution; reducing racial discrimination; reducing unemployment; satisfaction levels; issues involving U.S. capital; if Canada is getting closer to the U.S.; and if Winnipeg should be Canada's capital. Basic demographic variables are also included. 344 - November This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on the leading topics of the day. The questions are mostly politically based, and some of the subjects are the sale of gas to the U.S, updating abortion laws and opinions on various public figures. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada being on the threshold of greatness; Canadian ownership of firms; whether or not the country is heading towards a depression; getting the death penalty for kidnapping a public figure; the fashionableness of mini-skirts; feelings towards French-Canadians; the sale of gas to the U.S,; growing Canadian nationalism; the Nation that is a great country; political preference; prohibiting stores to be open on Sunday; the ratings of John Robart's (Premier of Ontario) conduct during crisis; the ratings of NDP leader Douglas' conduct in crisis; the ratings of opposition leader Stanfield's conduct in crisis; the ratings of Real Caouette's (leader of the creditiste party) conduct in crisis; the ratings of Robert Bourassa's (Premier of Quebec) conduct in crisis; the ratings of Trudeau's conduct in crisis; revising abortion laws; strength of the United Nations; the U.N. peace keeping army; and using the War measures act to handle FLQ. Basic demographic variables are also included.The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Family Expenditure Survey (FES), which closed in 2001, was a continuous survey with an annual sample of around 10,000 households. They provided information on household and personal incomes, certain payments that recurred regularly (e.g. rent, gas and electricity bills, telephone accounts, insurances, season tickets and hire purchase payments), and maintained a detailed expenditure record for 14 consecutive days.

The original purpose of the FES was to provide information on spending patterns for the United Kingdom Retail Price Index (RPI). The survey was a cost-efficient way of collecting a variety of related data that the government departments required to correlate with income and expenditure at the household, tax unit and person levels. The annual FES began in 1957 (with an earlier large scale survey conducted in 1953/54) and was one of the first Department of Employment (DE) systems to be computerised in the early 1960s. The UKDA holds FES data from 1961-2001. The Northern Ireland Family Expenditure Survey (NIFES), which ran from 1967-1998, was identical to the UK FES and therefore used the same questionnaires and documentation. However, starting in 1988, a voluntary question on religious denomination was asked of those aged 16 and over in Northern Ireland. The UKDA holds NIFES data from 1968-1998, under GN 33240.

Significant FES developments over time include:

• 1968: the survey was extended to include a sample drawn from the Northern Ireland FES and a new computer system was introduced which was used until 1985
• 1986: DE and the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) converted the FES into a new database system using the SIR package
• 1989: the Central Statistical Office (CSO) took over responsibility for the survey
• 1994: in April, computerised personal interviewing was introduced using lap-top computers, the database system changed to INGRES and the survey changed from a calendar year to financial year basis
• 1996: in April, OPCS and CSO were amalgamated into the Office for National Statistics (ONS), who assumed responsibility for the FES
• 1998: from April onwards information from expenditure diaries kept by children aged 7 to 15 was included in data, and grossing factors were made available on the database

From 2001, the both the FES and the National Food Survey (NFS) (held at the UKDA under GN 33071) were completely replaced by a new survey, the Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS). Prior to the advent of the EFS, there had previously been considerable overlap between the FES and NFS, with both surveys asking respondents to keep a diary of expenditure. Thus, the 2000-2001 FES was the final one in the series. The design of the new EFS was based on the previous FES; further background to its development may be found in the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 Family Spending reports. From 2008, the EFS became the Living Costs and Food Survey (LCF) (see under GN 33334).


Main Topics:
Household Schedule:
This schedule was taken at the main interview. Information for most of the questions was obtained from the head of household or housewife, but certain questions of a more individual character were put to every spender aged 15 or over (or 16 or over from 1973 onwards). Until the introduction of the community charge, information on rateable value and rate poundage was obtained from the appropriate local authority, as was information on whether the address was within a smokeless zone. Information was collected about the household, the sex and age of each member, and also details about the type and size of the household accommodation. The main part of the questionnaire related to expenditure both of a household and individual nature, but the questions were mainly confined to expenses of a recurring nature, e.g.:

• Household: housing costs, payment to Gas and Electricity Boards or companies, telephone charges, licences and television rental
• Individual: motor vehicles, season tickets for transport, life and accident insurances, payments through a bank, instalments, refund of expenses by employer, expenditure claimed by self-employed persons as business expenses for tax purposes, welfare foods, education grants and fees

Income Schedule:
Data were collected for each household spender. The schedule was concerned with income, national insurance contributions and income tax. Income of a child not classed as a spender was obtained from one or other of his parents and entered on the parent's questionnaire. Information collected included: employment status and recent absences from work, earnings of an employee, self-employed earnings, National Insurance contributions, pensions and other regular allowances, occasional benefits - social security benefits and other...

The effects of direct and indirect taxation and benefits received in cash or kind on household income, across the generations and by age.

This data is estimated by combining multiple years of the Living Costs and Food Survey from 1978 to financial year ending March 2017 and the Household Finances Statistics, from financial year ending 2018 to financial year ending 2021 with the exception of 1979 and 1981. All financial amounts are adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH) excluding Council Tax, to their financial year ending March 2018. For example, the mean disposable income for those aged 35 and born in the 1970’s (£35,752) is estimated by taking the average (in real terms) of the household disposable income for these people across the combined dataset.

This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as wages and inflation, and attitudes towards marijuana. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: a 6% pay limit increase; Canada becoming a Republic instead of being under the Queen's reign; divorce rates; fighting inflation; having fines for Marijuana possession instead of jail time; laws regulating labour unions; the lies in commercials; the Maritimes becoming one province; political preferences; the threat of Quebec separation if Bourassa is elected as Premier of Quebec; raising wages to keep up with the cost of living; the rating of Eric Kierans as Postmaster General; the rating of J.J. Greene as Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources; rating of John Turner as Finance Minister; the rise of unemployment; and the West becoming one province. Basic demographic variables are also included.

Annual indexes for major components and special aggregates of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), for Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit. Data are presented for the last five years. The base year for the index is 2002=100.

Abstract The concept of urban dispossession was formulated in the 1970s to explain the poor living conditions of workers during industrialization in São Paulo. In the following decades, real estate became central to economy, which made house prices rise. This process, together with the condition of low income, restricts the access of the poor to housing and reveals the contradictions inherent in private property as a housing solution. Based on observations of a recent occupation in the periphery and another one in the central region of the city, new forms of urban dispossession are discussed in the article, identifying strategies to struggle for the right to housing. It is concluded that collective occupations have potential for challenging private property and inequalities; however, they are not free from the contradictions they engender.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SA0R) from Jan 1913 to May 2025 about urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI): RR: BO: Magazines: Monthly: Living Information data was reported at 114.100 2005=100 in Jun 2011. This stayed constant from the previous number of 114.100 2005=100 for May 2011. Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI): RR: BO: Magazines: Monthly: Living Information data is updated monthly, averaging 103.100 2005=100 from Jan 1970 (Median) to Jun 2011, with 498 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 258.100 2005=100 in Dec 1992 and a record low of 58.400 2005=100 in May 1970. Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI): RR: BO: Magazines: Monthly: Living Information data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.I018: Consumer Price Index: 2005=100.

The number of housing units in the United States has grown year-on-year and in 2024, there were approximately *** million homes. That was an increase of about one percent from the previous year. Homeownership in the U.S. Most of the housing stock in the U.S. is owner-occupied, meaning that the person who owns the home uses it as a primary residence. Homeownership is an integral part of the American Dream, with about *** in ***** Americans living in an owner-occupied home. For older generations, the homeownership rate is even higher, showing that buying a home is an important milestone in life. Housing transactions slowing down During the coronavirus pandemic, the U.S. experienced a housing market boom and witnessed an increase in the number of homes sold. Since 2020, when the market peaked, new homes transactions have slowed down and so have the sales of existing homes. That has affected the development of home prices, with several states across the country experiencing a decline in house prices.

Italy inflation rate for 2024 was 0.98%, a 4.64% decline from 2023.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Italy inflation rate for 2023 was <strong>5.62%</strong>, a <strong>2.58% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Italy inflation rate for 2022 was <strong>8.20%</strong>, a <strong>6.33% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Italy inflation rate for 2021 was <strong>1.87%</strong>, a <strong>2.01% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
</ul>Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.