The natural gas prices for non-household end users in Spain with an average consumption between 1,000 and 10,000 gigajoules decreased to **** euro cents per kilowatt hour in the second half of 2023. Natural gas prices for customers with a consumption between 10,000 and 100,000 GJ stood at **** euro cents per kilowatt hour.

In the first half of 2022, the electricity prices for household end users (including taxes, levies, and VAT) in Moldova increased significantly by 0.03 euro cents per kWh (+60 percent) in the second half of 2021. With 0.08 euro cents per kWh, the electricity prices thereby reached their highest value in the observed period.The prices include gas basic price, transmission, system services, meter rental, distribution and other services.

UK Gas fell to 72.60 GBp/thm on December 2, 2025, down 1.67% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 11.75%, and is down 40.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

New Zealand Average Fuel Price: 2019 Price: Natural Gas: Industrial data was reported at 0.029 NZD/kWh in Dec 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.027 NZD/kWh for Sep 2020. New Zealand Average Fuel Price: 2019 Price: Natural Gas: Industrial data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.029 NZD/kWh from Mar 1999 (Median) to Dec 2020, with 88 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.046 NZD/kWh in Jun 2007 and a record low of 0.017 NZD/kWh in Jun 2002. New Zealand Average Fuel Price: 2019 Price: Natural Gas: Industrial data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.P009: Average Fuel Price: 2019 Price.

TTF Gas fell to 27.92 EUR/MWh on December 3, 2025, down 0.17% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 14.22%, and is down 40.94% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

On average, the price of natural gas for industry has been higher for facilities with a consumption of up to 100,000 gigajoules in the Netherlands. Between 2013 and 2016, consumption tariff rates decreased annually. However, since 2019, prices increased, with the price for those with a consumption of up to 100,000 gigajoule rising to **** euro cents per kilowatt hour in 2021. Residential pricesNatural gas prices for households in the Netherlands with a consumption of ** to *** GJ a year have seen the overall price increase since 2010. By the second half of 2018, prices including all taxes, levies and VAT had reached *** euro cents per kilowatt hour. As of October 2021, residential end users gas prices in the Dutch capital of Amsterdam stood at ***** euro cents per kilowatt hour.Domestic demandNatural gas consumption in the Netherlands amounted to **** billion cubic meters in 2021. From 2015 onwards, the country has seen an increase in demand. This has occurred alongside the recent decline in the natural gas production. This fall in production is due to the cut in output from the Groningen gas field.

Netherlands NL: Natural Gas Price: NH: Between 100000 & 999999 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data was reported at 0.067 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.075 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. Netherlands NL: Natural Gas Price: NH: Between 100000 & 999999 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.034 EUR/kWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.099 EUR/kWh in Jun 2023 and a record low of 0.025 EUR/kWh in Dec 2019. Netherlands NL: Natural Gas Price: NH: Between 100000 & 999999 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Netherlands – Table NL.Eurostat: Natural Gas Price: Non-Household Consumers.

In the first half of 2022, the electricity prices for household end users (including taxes, levies, and VAT) in Germany increased by 0.01 euro cents per kWh (+14.29 percent) in the second half of 2021. With 0.08 euro cents per kWh, the electricity prices thereby reached their highest value in the observed period.The prices include gas basic price, transmission, system services, meter rental, distribution and other services.Find more statistics on other topics about Germany with key insights such as natural gas prices for household end users incl. tax.

The average gas price in Great Britain in July 2025 was 79.28 British pence per therm. This was five pence lower than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK have been exceptionally volatile throughout the 2020s. Multiple factors, such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating, have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK that followed the Russia-Ukraine war. This has also led to many smaller suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened the energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023, double the amount spent just two years prior.

Sweden SE: Natural Gas Price: NH: Between 10000 & 99999 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data was reported at 0.136 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.124 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. Sweden SE: Natural Gas Price: NH: Between 10000 & 99999 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.081 EUR/kWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.208 EUR/kWh in Dec 2022 and a record low of 0.062 EUR/kWh in Dec 2019. Sweden SE: Natural Gas Price: NH: Between 10000 & 99999 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.Eurostat: Natural Gas Price: Non-Household Consumers.

Electricity prices for households using between 2.500 and 5.000 kWh in Italy saw an overall increase during this period, rising from 19.65 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in 2010 to 22.26 euro cents in the first half of 2020 before slightly decreasing to 21.53 euro cents per kWh in the second part of 2020. Costs peaked at 24.5 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in 2014. Households consuming between 1.000 and 2.500 kWh usually paid more for electricity through the considered period .High electricity prices The average price customers in Italy paid for electricity saw a lot of variation per quarter between 2014 and 2020. Despite seeing a decrease of approximately eight percent in the second quarter of 2018, the following quarters saw consecutive increases. As of 2020, Italy paid some of the highest prices for electricity in the world. Since the end of 2019 however electricity prices for Italian households consuming between 2.500 and 5.000 kWh started to decrease. Prices for households consuming between 1.000 and 2.500 kWh however continued to stay high.Pricing factorsFactors such as the fuel used to generate energy plays a role in the prices paid for electricity. The country is mainly reliant on natural gas for its energy mix and it made up 59.5 percent of the total in 2018. Despite a reliance on gas, Italy produces very little natural gas itself and is dependent on imports. In fact, Italy is the second largest natural gas importer in Europe. The main natural gas exporters to Italy in 2019 were Russia and Algeria.

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis. The prices presented in this table were used to compile the CPI up to May 2023. Prices for newly offered contracts were collected. Contract types that are no longer offered, but have been in previous reporting periods, are imputed. The average can therefore diverge from the prices paid for energy contracts by Dutch households.

Data available from January 2018 up to May 2023.

Status of the figures: The figures are definitive.

Changes as of 17 July 2023: This table will no longer be updated. Due to a change in the underlying data and accompanying method for calculcating average energy prices, a new table was created. See paragraph 3.

Changes as of 13 February: Average delivery rates are not shown in this table from January 2023 up to May 2023. With the introduction of the price cap, the average energy rates (delivery rates) of fixed and variable energy contracts together remained useful for calculating a development for the CPI. However, as a pricelevel, they are less useful. Average energy prices from January 2023 up to May 2023 are published in a customized table. In this publication, only data concerning new variable contracts are taken into account

When will new figures be published? Does not apply.

Germany DE: Natural Gas Price: HC: Less Than 20 GJ: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies data was reported at 0.134 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.140 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. Germany DE: Natural Gas Price: HC: Less Than 20 GJ: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.087 EUR/kWh from Dec 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.140 EUR/kWh in Jun 2024 and a record low of 0.066 EUR/kWh in Dec 2019. Germany DE: Natural Gas Price: HC: Less Than 20 GJ: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.Eurostat: Natural Gas Price: Household Consumers.

For an annual consumption of less than 100,000 gigajoule, the industry prices for natural gas peaked in 2012 at 4.09 euro cents per kilowatt hour, but decreased again in the following years, reaching 3.08 euro cents per kilowatt hour in 2020. Since Italy relied on gas imports for over 90 percent of its demand, the industry price of gas was mostly dependent on the wholesale price rather than the domestic market.

Russia: the main supplier
Italy’s energy demand strongly depended on gas: in 2018, natural gas accounted for nearly 60 percent of the total amount of energy consumed in the country. Providing more than 32 billion cubic meters in 2018, Russia was the main gas supplier for Italy. Russian gas was the cheapest to import: gas came to Italy via the Tarvisio pipeline, one of the five pipeline entry points in the country. Placed at the center of the gas supply network linking Europe, North Africa, Russia, and the Caucasus, Italy was in a strategically crucial position for the gas supply in Europe.

Domestic production
In 2018, the domestic production amounted to 3.4 billion cubic meters, about a tenth of the volume imported from Gazprom. Italy’s natural gas reserves, which concentrate mostly in the Po Valley, Ionian Sea, and Adriatic Sea, are underutilized. In fact, the country emitted an 18-month ban on new oil and gas exploratory permits in January 2019. This was part of the government’s efforts to promote renewable energy sources over fossil fuels, although extraction permits were not affected by the ban.

The data in this dataset is derived from the study published in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.112 .

Data shows hourly heating costs for covering the heating demand of an average dwelling in Madrid (Spain) during 2018-2019 heating season (from 01/10/18 to 31/03/19) through different technologies. A conventional gas boiler and an air-to-air heat pump were selected; additionally, three different electric tariffs were selected: dTOU, RTP and a static tariff.

One file is provided as a xlsx file with the following hourly features:

Date

Hour

Tout: Outdoor temperature in ºC

RTP: Real Time Price electric tariff in €

dTOU: Dynamic Time of Use electric tariff in €

E.Flat: Static electric tariff in €

Gas: Natural gas tariff in €

Demand: Dwellings heating demand in kWh

COPR32a: Instant COP of R32 working fluid

Con.Elec: Electric consumption of the heat pump in kWh

ConGas: Gas boiler consumption in kWh

€.elec_RTR: Cost of the electric consumption under the RTP tariff in €

€.elec_Flat: Cost of the electric consumption under the static tariff in €

€.elec_dTOU: Cost of the electric consumption under the dTOU tariff in €

€.gas: Cost of the natural gas consumption in €

Germany DE: Natural Gas Price: Household Consumers (HC): Less Than 20 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data was reported at 0.160 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.154 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. Germany DE: Natural Gas Price: Household Consumers (HC): Less Than 20 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.104 EUR/kWh from Dec 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.160 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024 and a record low of 0.079 EUR/kWh in Dec 2019. Germany DE: Natural Gas Price: Household Consumers (HC): Less Than 20 GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.Eurostat: Natural Gas Price: Household Consumers.

The natural gas prices for household end users (excluding taxes, levies, and VAT) in Germany increased by 0.03 euro cents per kWh (+18.75 percent) in the first half of 2022. Therefore, the natural gas prices in Germany reached a peak in the first half of 2022 with 0.19 euro cents per kWh. Notably, the natural gas prices have been, with the exception of 2019 S2, continuously increasing over the last six monthss.The prices include electricity/basic price, transmission, system services, meter rental, distribution and other services.Find more key insights for the natural gas prices for household end users (excluding taxes, levies, and VAT) in countries like Ireland, Finland, and Romania.

Electricity prices in Germany are forecast to amount to ***** euros per megawatt-hour in November 2025. Electricity prices in the country have not yet recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Electricity price recovery German electricity prices began recovering back to pre-energy crisis levels in 2024, a period driven by a complex interplay of factors, including increased heating demand, reduced wind power generation, and water scarcity affecting hydropower production. Despite Germany's progress in renewable energy sources, with over ** percent of gross electricity generated from renewable sources in 2024, the country still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal and natural gas accounted for approximately ** percent of the energy mix, making Germany vulnerable to fluctuations in global fuel prices. Impact on consumers and future outlook The volatility in electricity prices has directly impacted German consumers. As of April 1, 2024, households with basic supplier contracts were paying around ** cents per kilowatt-hour, making it the most expensive option compared to other providers or special contracts. The breakdown of household electricity prices in 2023 showed that supply and margin, along with energy procurement, constituted the largest controllable components, amounting to **** and **** euro cents per kilowatt-hour, respectively. While prices have decreased since the 2022 peak, they remain higher than pre-crisis levels, underscoring the ongoing challenges in Germany's energy sector as it continues its transition towards renewable sources.