In 2023/24, the average cost of a prison place in England and Wales was ****** British pounds a year, compared with ****** British pounds in the previous reporting year.

This statistic shows the average annual inmate expenditures for federal correctional services in Canada from the fiscal year of 2010 to the fiscal year of 2021. In the fiscal year of 2021, the annual expenditures on federal inmates averaged 150,505 Canadian dollars.

The United Kingdom spent approximately 7.41 billion British pounds on its prison system in 2024/25, an increase when compared to the previous year. Between 2011/12 and 2019/20, the UK consistently spent less than it did in 2010/11, mainly due to the austerity policies pursued by the coalition Government of the time. Throughout this time period, expenditure on prisons was lowest in 2014/15 at 3.83 billion pounds and highest in the most recent financial year. Prisoners and prison costs The prisoner population of the United Kingdom was around 97,800 in 2024. Although this was quite a high figure in historical terms, the incarceration rate in England and Wales, and Scotland has fallen slightly since 2008, although it has increased slightly in Northern Ireland. There is, however, evidence that the government is struggling to cope with the size of the prison population. The number of spare prison places in England and Wales fell to a low of just 768 in September 2023. The average cost of a prison place has also increased, rising from 35,182 pounds in 2015/16, to 56,987 in 2023/24. Steep rise in prison violence in the mid-2010s In 2018, there were almost 33,000 assault incidents in England and Wales, with the annual number of assaults increasing rapidly from 2013 onwards. There has also been a rise in self-harm incidents at prisons, with over 79,000 occurring in 2024, compared with only 19,000 twenty-years earlier. The peak for the number of deaths in prison custody was in 2021, when there were 371, or around 4,7 deaths per 1,000 prisoners. Of these deaths, 89 of those in 2021 were recorded as suicides, with the most suicides occurring in 2016, at 124.

In 2023, the average daily cost per inmate in Italy was around 160 euros. In 2021, the spending reached 164 euros per prisoner, while in 2019 the cost decreased to 131 euros.

Adult correctional services, operating expenditures for provincial, territorial and federal programs, provinces, territories and federal jurisdiction, five years of data.

The Indian state of Andhra Pradesh had the highest prison spending per inmate of about *** thousand Indian rupees in financial year 2022. By contrast, Uttarakhand had only about *** thousand Indian rupees of per inmate spending that year.

At the beginning of 2025, the United States had the highest number of incarcerated individuals worldwide, with around 1.8 million people in prison. China followed with around 100,000 fewer prisoners. Brazil followed in third. The incarceration problem in the U.S. The United States has an incredibly high number of incarcerated individuals. Therefore, the incarceration problem has become a widely contested issue, because it impacts disadvantaged people and minorities the most. Additionally, the prison system has become capitalized by outside corporations that fund prisons, but there is still a high cost to taxpayers. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the amount of private prisons that have been created. For-profit prison companies have come under scrutiny because of their lack of satisfactory staff and widespread lobbying. Violent offenses are the most common type of offense among prisoners in the U.S. Incarceration rates worldwide El Salvador had the highest rate of incarceration worldwide, at 1,659 prisoners per 100,000 residents as of February 2025. Cuba followed in second with 794 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants. The incarceration rate is a better measure to use when comparing countries than the total prison populations, which will naturally have the most populous countries topping the list.

Aims: We aimed to review prison healthcare expenditure internationally.Objectives: To systematically review healthcare spending on prisoners worldwide, examine comparability between countries, and develop guidelines to improve reporting.Methods: Five bibliographic indexes (International Monetary Fund, ProQuest: Statistical Abstracts of the World, PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR) were searched for the costs of prison and prison healthcare, supplemented with country-specific searches for the 20 countries with the highest prison populations. Information on overall healthcare costs, their breakdown by categories, and their proportion to overall prison expenditure was extracted. PRISMA guidelines were followed.Results: Prison healthcare expenditure data was identified for 10 countries, and overall operating costs were reported for 12 countries. The most commonly reported healthcare cost was for primary medical care. Healthcare costs reporting varied widely, and few countries were comparable. We developed a set of guidelines for consistent and transparent reporting of healthcare costs.Conclusions: Few countries report the costs of healthcare services in prison. When reported, there is a lack of clarity and consistency as to what is included. Using the proposed reporting guidelines would enable national trends and international comparisons to be investigated, and any recommended benchmarks to be monitored.

Scholars have proposed that incarceration rates might be reduced by a requirement that judges justify incarceration decisions with respect to their operational costs (e.g., prison capacity). In an Internet-based vignette experiment (N = 214), we tested this prediction by examining whether criminal punishment judgments (prison vs. probation) among university undergraduates would be influenced by a prompt to provide a justification for one's judgment, and by a brief message describing prison capacity costs. We found that (1) the justification prompt alone was sufficient to reduce incarceration rates, (2) the prison capacity message also independently reduced incarceration rates, and (3) incarceration rates were most strongly reduced (by about 25%) when decision makers were asked to justify their sentences with respect to the expected capacity costs. These effects survived a test of robustness and occurred regardless of whether participants reported that prison costs should influence judgments of incarceration. At the individual crime level, the least serious crimes were most amenable to reconsideration for probation. These findings are important for policymakers attempting to manage high incarceration rates.

In 2022, the state government of California spent ***** billion U.S. dollars on corrections. Texas, New York, Florida, and Pennsylvania rounded out the top five states who spent the most on corrections in 2022.

As of February 2025, El Salvador had the highest prisoner rate worldwide, with over 1,600 prisoners per 100,000 of the national population. Cuba, Rwanda, Turkmenistan, and the United States, rounded out the top five countries with the highest rate of incarceration. Homicides in El Salvador Interestingly, El Salvador, which long had the highest global homicide rates, has dropped out of the top 20 after a high number of gang members have been incarcerated. A high number of the countries with the highest homicide rate are located in Latin America. Prisoners in the United StatesThe United States is home to the largest number of prisoners worldwide. More than 1.8 million people were incarcerated in the U.S. at the beginning of 2025. In China, the estimated prison population totaled 1.69 million people that year. Other nations had far fewer prisoners. The largest share of the U.S. prisoners in federal correctional facilities were of African-American origin. As of 2020, there were 345,500 black, non-Hispanic prisoners, compared to 327,300 white, non-Hispanic inmates. The U.S. states with the largest number of prisoners in 2022 were Texas, California, and Florida. Over 160,000 prisoners in state facilities were sentenced for rape or sexual assault, which was the most common cause of imprisonment. The second most common was murder, followed by aggravated or simple assault.

Adult correctional services, custodial and community supervision, average counts of adults in provincial and territorial programs, five years of data.

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Prison Management Systems Market Size 2025-2029

The prison management systems market size is forecast to increase by USD 412.2 billion, at a CAGR of 5.8% between 2024 and 2029.

Prison management systems have witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by key trends such as innovative upgrades to software and increasing government expenditure on public safety. These systems help manage various aspects of prison operations, including inmate records, security, and rehabilitation programs. However, the high implementation and maintenance costs remain a challenge for the market. The adoption of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and biometric identification is expected to enhance the functionality and efficiency of prison management systems. Additionally, the growing focus on reducing recidivism rates and improving prison conditions will further fuel market growth. Despite these opportunities, the high initial investment and ongoing expenses associated with implementing and maintaining these systems may hinder market expansion.

What will be the size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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Prison management systems have become an essential component of correctional facilities worldwide. These systems facilitate effective inmate management, ensuring the safety and security of staff and inmates. Key functionalities include inmate information management, tracking, and scheduling for visitation, medical records, and incident reporting. Security is a top priority in prison management, with biometric systems playing a significant role. Fingerprint scans or facial recognition technology help maintain accurate records of prisoners, enhancing security and reducing the risk of escapes. Biometric identification also streamlines staff management, ensuring only authorized personnel access restricted areas. Financial management is another crucial aspect of prison management systems.
These solutions enable efficient tracking of commissary sales, inmate funds, and other financial transactions. Analysis and reporting features provide valuable insights into prison operations, enabling prison authorities to make data-driven decisions. Communication is essential for maintaining order and safety within correctional facilities. Prison management systems offer features like instant messaging and email services, allowing staff to coordinate effectively and respond promptly to inmate requests or emergencies. CCTV cameras and software solutions further bolster security by providing real-time monitoring and recording capabilities. Medical facility management and case management modules ensure that inmates receive proper care and attention, while incident reporting features help prison authorities maintain records of disciplinary actions and rehabilitation programs.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud-based


Component

  Solution
  Services


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France


  APAC

    China
    India


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

    Brazil

By Deployment Insights

The on-premises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the market, on-premises deployment is an option where organizations purchase and install the software on their servers. IT specialists manage and maintain it within the organization. However, the market share for this segment is projected to decrease due to the high cost of implementation and limited scalability. On-premises systems are typically priced under a one-time perpetual license fee, which includes recurring charges for support, training, and updates. Prisons also bear additional expenses for monitoring, maintenance, upgrades, and end-user training. companies offer installation, data migration, and employee training services during implementation. Key features of on-premises prison management systems include visitation scheduling, medical records management, incident reporting, commissary management, safety and security, suicide prevention, advanced security equipment, smart locks, video surveillance, intrusion detection, alarms & notifications, and prisoner information management with biometric details.

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The on-premises segment was valued at USD 626.60 million in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 36% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts ha

Summary Since 2017, GEO shares have fallen sharply from $30 to ~$8.50 per share, at one point below even the book value of $8.19 per share. President Biden recently signed an executive order that banned the renewal of Department of Justice contracts with private prisons, but the effect on GEO is way way less than the market thinks. The border crisis renders ICE dependent on GEO for capacity, making it near impossible for ICE to cut ties in the near future. With a market cap of just $1.02 Billion, GEO has the potential to increase 2-3x in the next 6-12 months. cropped image of african american prisoner reading book LightFieldStudios/iStock via Getty Images Thesis GEO Group (GEO) is a deeply mispriced provider of privately-owned prisons, falling from a price of $30+ in early 2017 to the current price of $8.50 per share. GEO has fallen primarily as a result of concerns about legislation regarding private prisons, a canceled dividend, the likely shift away from a REIT structure, and high levels of debt. These overblown concerns have created a pretty solid structural opportunity. kmosby1992@gmail.com password kmosby1992@gmail.com Subscribe Company overview GEO operates in several segments, such as GEO care, International services, and U.S. Secure Services. Source: Annual report 1 - U.S. Secure Services U.S. Secure services account for the majority of their revenue, 67%, and includes their correctional facilities and processing centers. Secure services manage 74,000 beds across 58 facilities as of the 2020 annual report. GEO transport is included in U.S. secure services, but we felt it warranted its own paragraph. GEO transport provides secure transportation services to government agencies. With 400 customized, U.S. Department of Transportation compliant vehicles, GEO transport drove more than 14 million miles in 2020. 2 - GEO Care GEO care is a series of programs designed to reintegrate inmates and troubled youth into society. They operate through reentry centers, non-residential reentry programs, and youth treatment programs. GEO care operates approximately 4-dozen reentry centers, which provide housing, employment assistance, rehabilitation, substance abuse counseling, and vocational and education programs to current and former inmates. Through their reentry segment, they operate more than 70 non-residential reentry programs that provide behavioral assessments, treatment, supervision, and education. GEO care made up 23% of total 2020 revenue. Geo monitoring is included in GEO care. Through a wholly-owned subsidiary, BI Inc., GEO offers monitoring technology for parolees, probationers, pretrial defendants, and individuals involved in the immigration process. As of the 2020 annual report, BI helps monitor ~155,000 individuals across all 50 states. 3 - International operations International operations made up only 10% of revenue in 2020, but it is showing signs of growth. GEO recently landed a 10-year contract with the United kingdom, which they expect to total $760 million in revenue over the course of the contract. They also landed an 8-year contract with the Scottish Prison Service, which grants an annualized revenue of $39 million and has a 4-year renewal period. Why is GEO Mispriced? While there are several reasons for the dramatic reduction in share price over the last 4 years, the main reason was the looming fear of legislation destroying privately owned prisons. To a degree, this fear materialized on January 26th, 2021, when President Biden signed an Executive Order ordering the Attorney General not to renew any Department of Justice contracts with "privately operated criminal detention facilities." At face value, this order seems as though it would have a devastating impact on GEO. However, only ~25% of total revenue is impacted in any form by this order. The executive order only concerns branches of the Department of Justice. Only 2 DOJ branches have business connections with GEO, the US Marshals (USMS), and the Bureau of Prisons (BOP). Source: Annual report It is imperative to note that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), is not a branch of the DOJ and is therefore unaffected by this order. Individual states, as well as other countries, are unaffected by this order Bureau of Prisons GEO currently holds several agreements with the BOP relating to operations of prisons across the country. As of year-end 2020, agreements involving the BOP accounted for 14% of total revenue. All revenue from the BOP will not disappear, as the executive order does not impact reentry facilities. In 2Q21, after the executive order was made, GEO renewed 5 BOP reentry contracts. GEO even scored a new contract with the BOP, regarding the construction and operation of a new facility in Tampa. United States Marshal Service The United States Marshal Service does not own o... Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/sha256%3A900514e651e0d2c774ad90f358c9db90884c2baf98c068f470b290b3c4b3103a for complete metadata about this dataset.

In late 1985, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) began its first study of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in correctional facilities. The objective of the study was to report on the incidence and institutional management of AIDS within the federal and state prison systems, as well as in the nation's largest jails. The study was conducted annually from 1985-1990 and biannually thereafter. This collection contains data collected in 1985-1990 and 1992 via a mail questionnaire. Questionnaires were sent each year to the correctional departments of all 50 states, the federal prison system, and 33 to 37 large city and county jail systems. In addition, in 1987-1990, Canadian prison systems were surveyed. A different questionnaire was used in each of the seven years of data collection. However, each questionnaire addressed the same major topics: inmate population, numbers of inmate cases of AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex (ARC), aggregate results of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibody testing programs, and major policies regarding AIDS (training and education, testing, medical and psycho-social services, housing, precautionary measures, confidentiality), as well as associated legal and cost issues. The 1992 questionnaire collected additional information on the prevalence of and policies toward inmates with tuberculosis.

Prison Security Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global prison security market size reached USD 8.9 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand for advanced security solutions across correctional facilities worldwide. The market is growing at a CAGR of 6.8% and is forecasted to reach USD 16.5 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing need for comprehensive security frameworks in both public and private prisons, evolving threats such as contraband smuggling and inmate violence, and the adoption of next-generation surveillance and monitoring technologies.

The growth of the prison security market is underpinned by the rising global prison population and a corresponding increase in security-related incidents within correctional facilities. Governments and private operators are investing heavily in integrated security systems that combine hardware, software, and services to enhance situational awareness and response capabilities. A significant growth factor is the shift from legacy security infrastructures to digital, networked solutions that offer real-time data analytics, automated alerts, and remote monitoring. These advancements not only improve overall facility safety but also help optimize resource allocation and reduce operational costs, making them highly attractive to prison administrators facing budgetary constraints.

Another major driver for the prison security market is the continuous evolution of security threats. Modern prisons face challenges such as drone-based contraband delivery, cyber-attacks on facility management systems, and sophisticated inmate escape attempts. To counter these threats, correctional institutions are deploying multi-layered security systems that integrate video surveillance, perimeter protection, and biometric access controls. The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies within security platforms enables predictive analytics and proactive threat detection, further enhancing the effectiveness of prison security operations. This technological evolution is expected to accelerate market growth over the coming years as facilities seek to stay ahead of emerging risks.

Additionally, regulatory mandates and international standards regarding prison safety and human rights are influencing market dynamics. Governments across regions are enacting stringent guidelines for the protection of inmates, staff, and visitors, which necessitate the deployment of reliable and compliant security solutions. The trend toward privatization of correctional facilities, especially in North America and Europe, is also stimulating investment in advanced security technologies as private operators strive to maintain high standards of safety and operational efficiency. As a result, the prison security market is witnessing substantial capital inflows and technological innovation, creating a positive outlook for sustained expansion.

From a regional perspective, North America remains the dominant market, accounting for the largest share of global revenues in 2024, driven by high incarceration rates and significant government investments in correctional infrastructure. Europe follows closely, with ongoing modernization initiatives and a focus on rehabilitation-oriented prison management. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, fueled by rising crime rates, expanding prison populations, and increasing adoption of digital security solutions. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, though at a comparatively slower pace due to budgetary limitations and varying degrees of technological adoption.

Component Analysis

The component segment of the prison security market is categorized into hardware, software, and services, each playing a pivotal role in the overall security ecosystem of correctional facilities. Hardware remains the backbone of prison security, encompassing surveillance cameras, access control devices, sensors, alarms, and perimeter fencing. The demand for high-def

IntroductionSelf-harm is a common and escalating problem in prisons, particularly in women. Understanding and measuring the costs of self-harm allow high-quality evaluation of new interventions. Here, we describe the co-development of a new resource inventory, the Prison Data Inventory (Self-harm).MethodsAn existing forensic resource use tool, the SF-SUS, was adapted with prison staff and people with experience of being in prison.ResultsPiloting showed that the tool takes researchers approximately two hours to complete per person.DiscussionThis tool will allow use of existing prison data to improve the evidence base for reducing self-harm in prisons. In turn this will enable policy makers and commissioners to allocate resources most effectively, improving clinical outcomes.

Prison Infrastructure Finance Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global prison infrastructure finance market size reached USD 34.2 billion in 2024. The market is poised to grow at a CAGR of 5.1% from 2025 to 2033, driven by increasing demand for modernized correctional facilities and evolving government policies. By 2033, the market is forecasted to reach USD 53.5 billion, reflecting robust investments and ongoing reforms in prison infrastructure across key regions. The growth in the prison infrastructure finance market is underpinned by the urgent need for facility upgrades, expansion of inmate capacity, and the implementation of advanced security technologies as per the latest research findings.

A primary growth factor for the prison infrastructure finance market is the aging nature of existing correctional facilities worldwide. Many prisons, particularly in developed regions, were constructed decades ago and have since become inadequate in terms of capacity, safety, and compliance with modern human rights standards. This scenario has compelled governments to allocate significant budgets toward the renovation, expansion, and new construction of prisons. Additionally, the increasing global prison population, driven by rising crime rates and stricter sentencing laws, is putting immense pressure on authorities to expand existing facilities and develop new ones. As a result, there is a marked uptick in public and private investments directed toward prison infrastructure, further propelling market growth.

Another notable driver is the growing adoption of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and alternative financing models in the prison infrastructure finance market. Governments, facing budgetary constraints and rising operational costs, are increasingly collaborating with private sector entities to share the financial burden of constructing, managing, and maintaining correctional facilities. PPPs not only help in mobilizing additional capital but also bring in efficiency, innovation, and accountability through private sector participation. This trend is particularly pronounced in North America and parts of Europe, where PPP models have been successfully implemented for both new construction and facility management. The increased reliance on PPPs and innovative financing structures is expected to remain a central growth factor in the coming years.

Technological advancements and evolving security requirements are also shaping the prison infrastructure finance market. Modern prisons are integrating advanced surveillance systems, biometric access controls, and automated facility management solutions to enhance security and operational efficiency. These technological upgrades require substantial capital investments, which are often facilitated through specialized financing mechanisms involving financial institutions, consulting firms, and construction companies. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on rehabilitation, education, and healthcare within correctional facilities is prompting additional investments in infrastructure upgrades and service enhancements, further expanding the market scope.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the prison infrastructure finance market, accounting for the largest share due to its extensive prison network and substantial government spending. Europe follows closely, driven by ongoing prison reforms and modernization projects. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, fueled by rapid urbanization, increasing crime rates, and government initiatives aimed at expanding correctional infrastructure. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing gradual market development, primarily supported by international aid and public sector investments. Each region presents unique challenges and opportunities, influencing the overall dynamics of the global prison infrastructure finance market.

Financing Type Analysis

The financing type segment in the prison infrastructure finance market encompasses public funding, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and private financing. Public funding remains the most prevalent approach, especially in countries where correctional services are considered a core government responsibility. National and regional governments allocate annual budgets for the construction, renovation, and maintenance of prison facilities, ensuring compliance with legal and human rights requirements. However, public fu