As of June 2025, 56 percent of people in Great Britain thought that it was wrong to leave the European Union, compared with 31 percent who thought it was the right decision. During this time period, the share of people who regret Brexit has been slightly higher than those who support it, except for some polls in Spring 2021, which showed higher levels of support for Brexit. Is Bregret setting in? Since late July 2022, the share of people who regret Brexit in these surveys has consistently been above 50 percent. Additionally, a survey from January 2025 highlighted that most people in the UK thought that Brexit had had a mainly negative impact, especially on the cost of living and the economy. Despite there being a clear majority of voters who now regret Brexit, there is as yet no particular future relationship with the EU that has overwhelming support. As of late 2023, 31 percent of Britons wanted to rejoin the EU, while 30 percent merely wanted to improve trade relations and not rejoin either the EU or the single market. Leave victory in 2016 defied the polls In the actual referendum, which took place on June 23, 2016, Leave won 51.9 percent of the votes and Remain 48.1 percent, after several polls in the run-up to the referendum put Remain slightly ahead. Remain were anticipated to win until early results from North East England suggested that Leave had performed far better than expected, with this pattern replicated throughout the country. This event was repeated somewhat in the U.S. election of that year, which saw Donald Trump win several key swing states such as Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, despite predictions that these states would vote for Hillary Clinton.

A recent analysis on the impact of Brexit suggests that in 2023, the United Kingdom's economy was *** percent smaller than it would have been in a base scenario where the UK never left the EU. The estimated hit to the UK's gross domestic product (GDP) increases to ***** percent in 2024, and to *** percent by 2025 in this forecast. UK growth cut at start of turbulent 2025 After growing by *** percent in 2024, the UK economy is expected to grow by *** percent in 2025, down from an earlier forecast of *** percent. As of 2025, the UK economy is approximately *** percent larger than it was just before the COVID-19 pandemic five years earlier, which delivered a sudden and severe economic shock to the country. While the initial bounce back from this collapse was robust, the recovery slowed by the end of 2020, and it wasn't until late 2021 that the economy returned to its pre-pandemic size. Throughout 2022 and 2023, the economy continued to struggle, and even experienced a recession at the end of 2023. How voters feel about Brexit in 2025 Since the middle of 2021, a growing majority of voters in Britain have advised that they think Brexit was the wrong decision. As of January 2025, around ** percent thought it was wrong to leave the EU, compared with just ** percent in April 2021. By comparison, the share of Britons who think Brexit was the right decision has fallen from ** percent to ** percent in the same time period. Voters are, however, still quite divided on what relationship they want with the EU, with only ** percent supporting rejoining completely. Furthermore, Brexit has fallen behind other issues for voters such as the economy, the NHS, and immigration and the issue played a much smaller role in the 2024 election than it did in 2019.

This statistic shows respondents perception regarding the future costs of travelling abroad over the next two years, following the United Kingdom’s (UK) decision to leave the European Union (EU) ** percent of respondents ages 18-24 think that such costs are very uncertain.

The UK’s exit from the European Union in January 2020, following a referendum in 2016, represented a significant potential rupture to EU student mobility to the UK. When the UK was an EU member, EU students were entitled to identical treatment to UK domestic students in higher education, able to finance undergraduate and master's fees through UK student loans (or pay no fees in Scotland) and access doctoral funding. After Brexit, EU students were treated like any other international student and liable for upfront and very high tuition fees. This policy shock has the potential to significantly disrupt full-degree EU student mobility to the UK. Using a comprehensive dataset of all EU full-degree enrolments in UK higher education, 2007–2023, we investigate patterns of incoming EU student mobility to the UK before and after Brexit. We find the sharp disjuncture to have both overall and more particular effects. Looking at how the shock of Brexit plays out differently across sending countries, levels and fields of study and institutional destinations provides interesting revelations about how international student mobility operates.

As of January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) is no longer a member of the European Union (EU). The UK left the EU without a trade deal, and has until the end of 2020 to determine the new framework of its trade relations with the EU. This means either a free trade agreement (FTA) will need to be struck between the two parties, or the UK will fall back on trading under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. According to a study on the possible impact of these scenarios on GDP growth in the UK, after the transition period ends by the beginning of 2021, trading under WTO terms will lead to a decline of *** percent in UK GDP. Relative to this rate, if the UK trade with the EU under a FTA, the GDP is forecast to improve by * percent.

In 2022, the value of goods and services the United Kingdom (UK) imported from the EU amounted to 305.7 billion British pounds. Since the UK's exit from the European Union, trade between the two entities fluctuated.

Clothing and beverages from the EU

As displayed in this statistic, the United Kingdom imported goods and services from the EU on an ever-increasing level since 1999. The EU is a key trade partner for the UK, particularly for food products. Capital products such as machinery and chemicals are also among the leading commodities traded betweenthe UK and the EU.

UK-EU trade balance

As it stands, the trade balance between the UK and the EU is defined by a deficit: the UK imports more goods and services than it exports to the EU. In the case of a hard Brexit where the UK leaves the EU with no deal terms, the UK will have to abide by the external tariff imposed by the EU.

This statistic illustrates the estimated increase in operating costs and the holiday selling price of seasonal (outbound) holiday companies in the United Kingdom since the EU referendum (Brexit) in 2016. According to the survey, companies had already noted a 10 percent rise in operating costs in the 2017/18 season compared to 2016/17. Holiday selling prices have also risen as an impact of Brexit. If there is a 'hard' Brexit when the UK leaves the EU it was estimated that holiday prices would rise by 31 percent.

As of the third quarter of 2025, the value of goods exported to the European Union from the United Kingdom was just under 45.1 billion British pounds, compared with around 81.2 billion pounds of goods imported, resulting in a negative goods trade balance with the EU of 36.1 billion pounds.

This dataset provides values for INTEREST RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This statistic shows respondents perception regarding the future costs of food over the next two years, following the United Kingdom’s (UK) decision to leave the European Union (EU). ** percent of respondents ages 18-24 think that such costs are fairly uncertain.

Over seven years since the Brexit referendum of 2016, Britons are still divided on what they think their relationship with Europe should be. Approximately 31 percent of voters would vote to rejoin the EU, the most popular option, while 30 percent of voters like to increase the trading relationship with the EU without joining the single market. While eleven percent of people wanted to only join the single market, just ten percent were happy with the current relationship, and nine percent wanted to reduce the UK's ties with the EU even further. Most voters now regret Brexit Despite people in the UK struggling to agree on what the UK/EU relationship should look like, a growing majority have started to regret Brexit. When asked if they thought Brexit was the wrong decision, in April 2021, 46 percent of Britons thought it was the right decision, compared with 43 percent who thought it was the wrong decision. As of January 2025, the share of people who thought Brexit was the wrong decision had increased to 55 percent, while the share who thought it was the correct decision had fallen to just 30 percent. Britons see few Brexit benefits in 2025 According to a poll regarding the impact of Brexit conducted at the start of 2025, 31 percent of people in Great Britain thought that Brexit had a positive impact on the ability of the country to make its own laws. Most of the impacts of Brexit were, however, seen to be negative, especially in economic terms. Of those surveyed, 67 percent thought that Brexit had a negative impact on the cost of living, with a further 65 believing it had a negative impact on the economy in general. Even among issues important to leave voters before the referendum, such as immigration, Brexit was generally seen to have had a detrimental impact, with just six percent of people thinking Brexit had being positive in this respect.

This dataset provides values for UNEMPLOYMENT RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In the third quarter of 2025, the value of exports from the United Kingdom amounted to approximately 234 billion British pounds, while imports to the country amounted to around 238 billion pounds, resulting in a trade deficit of around 4.5 billion pounds in this quarter. During this time period, the value of UK exports was highest in the fourth quarter of 2022, with the value of imports peaking in the first quarter of 2025. The UK's main trade partners Despite the UK leaving the EU in 2020 following the Brexit referendum of 2016, Europe remains the main destination for UK exports, with almost half of UK exports heading there in 2023. During the same year, just over 60 percent of imports came from European countries, compared with around 17.9 percent from countries in Asia, and 11.8 percent from the Americas. In terms of individual countries, the United States was the UK's leading export partner for both goods and services from the UK, while Germany was the main source of UK goods imports, and the U.S. for service imports. It is as yet unclear how the return of Donald Trump to the White House will impact UK/US trade relations, should the President follow through with threats made on the campaign trail to increase trade tariffs. Brexit rethink under Starmer? Although generally more pro-European than the previous government, the new Labour government, led by Keir Starmer, does not plan to rejoin the European Union, or the Single Market. Public opinion, while gradually turning against Brexit recently, has not coalesced around a particular trading relationship. In late 2023, a survey indicated that while 31 percent of British adults wanted to rejoin the EU, a further 30 percent wanted to simply improve relations with the EU, instead of rejoining. Just 11 percent of respondents wanted to join the single market but not the EU, while 10 percent were happy with the relationship as it was. At the start of 2025, after several months in office, the new government has not signalled any major change in direction regarding on this, but has broadly signalled it wants a better relationship with the EU.

This statistic displays a breakdown of United Kingdom (UK) outbound tourism spending in the European Union (27 countries) by product category in 2016. Accommodation accounted for 19 percent of UK travelers' spending in the EU.

This statistic shows respondents perception regarding the future costs of household bills over the next two years, following the United Kingdom’s (UK) decision to leave the European Union (EU). ** percent of respondents ages 18-24 think that such costs are fairly uncertain.

In the Brexit referendum of 2016, almost three quarters of people who lived in Edinburgh voted to remain in the European Union. Several other major cities also had a majority of remain voters, including the English cities of London, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle and Leeds. In the UK’s second-largest city, Birmingham, a slight majority of people voted to leave the European Union. Across the whole of the United Kingdom, the leave side was victorious after winning the votes of 17.4 million people. Perceptions on Brexit in 2025 Since the UK left the EU in 2020, the share of people who regret Brexit has been steadily increasing. As of January 2025, 55 percent of people in Great Britain thought that Brexit was the wrong decision, compared with 30 percent who still supported the decision. Furthermore, a survey from the same month suggested that people thought Brexit had reaped few benefits. Approximately 67 percent of those surveyed thought that it had negatively impacted the cost of living, and 65 percent believing it had diminished the UK economy as a whole. By contrast, the main positive impact of Brexit was seen as the UK's control over its own laws. Demographics of Brexit voters Although several major English cities supported the UK remaining in the EU, every English region, with the exception of Greater London, voted for Brexit. While Wales also supported leave, both Scotland and Northern Ireland had a majority who supported remain. There were also noticeable divisions across age groups, with younger voters typically more likely to vote against Brexit, compared with older ones who supported it. Almost three-quarter of 18 to 24-year-olds voted Remain, compared with 60 percent of those aged 65 or over who backed Leave.

This chart shows results from an online survey conducted in Great Britain in 2016 on whether Brexit supporters would still be in favor of Brexit if British people needed a visa to travel elsewhere in Europe, sorted by age group. The most support for leaving the EU under these circumstances was found in the older age groups. By contrast, the most respondents who opposed the idea of Brexit were recorded to be in the youngest age group.

This statistic displays forecasts from 2016 to 2019 for different scenarios for the Bank of England (BoE) policy rate changes based off of the Brexit decision. In the “leave” scenario the United Kingdom (UK) it is expected that there will be an expected drop to * percent in 2017, yet this data predicts that after the referendum there will be an increase of **** in 2019.

This statistic displays the public opinion in the United Kingdom (UK) on crime rates after Britain leaves the European Union (EU) as of ************, by age group. From the respondents aged 18 to 24, ** percent believed that the crime rate would be lower than if Britain had stayed in the EU.