Water withdrawals per capita in Turkmenistan amount to 2,740 cubic meters per inhabitant, according to the latest available data from 2021. This is a far higher volume than in many other countries, such as China, where per capita water withdrawals were 398.7 cubic meters as of 2021. Global water withdrawals Countries around the world withdraw huge volumes of water each year from sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. China has some of the largest annual total water withdrawals across the globe, at 581.3 billion cubic meters per year. In comparison, Mexico withdrew almost 90 billion cubic meters of water in 2021. Water scarcity Although roughly 70 percent of Earth's surface is covered with water, less than one percent of the planet's total water resources can be classified as accessible freshwater resources. Growing populations, increased demand, and climate change are increasingly putting pressure on these precious resources. This is expected to lead to global water shortages around the world. In the United States, the megadrought in the west has seen water levels of major reservoirs that provide water to millions of people plummet to record lows. In order to prevent severe droughts in water-stressed areas today and in the future, a more efficient use of water is essential.

Iceland has the largest renewable freshwater resources per capita worldwide, at an estimated 444 thousand cubic meters per inhabitant as of 2023 – based on the long-term annual average. While water resources are abundant in Iceland, the population in the Nordic country amounts to less than 400,000 inhabitants.

In the Central African Republic and Chad, only six percent of the population has access to safely managed drinking water, making them the countries in the world where the lowest share of the population has access to clean drinking water. A high number of the countries on the list are located in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Portugal Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 88.593 Cub m in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 86.228 Cub m for 2019. Portugal Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 83.547 Cub m from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2020, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103.415 Cub m in 2005 and a record low of 40.160 Cub m in 1991. Portugal Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

Belgium Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 64.366 Cub m in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 65.826 Cub m for 2020. Belgium Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 68.349 Cub m from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2021, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74.588 Cub m in 1997 and a record low of 64.366 Cub m in 2021. Belgium Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belgium – Table BE.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

CN: Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential: Hubei data was reported at 204.518 l in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 199.926 l for 2022. CN: Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential: Hubei data is updated yearly, averaging 215.360 l from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 274.330 l in 2005 and a record low of 190.260 l in 2021. CN: Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential: Hubei data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Utility Sector – Table CN.RCA: Water Consumption: Daily per Capita: Residential.

China Water Resource Per Capita data was reported at 1,827.626 Cub m in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,918.183 Cub m for 2022. China Water Resource Per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 2,062.945 Cub m from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2023, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,339.432 Cub m in 2016 and a record low of 1,729.100 Cub m in 2011. China Water Resource Per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Water Resources. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Land and Resources – Table CN.NLM: Water Resource.

Supplementary material to the publication: Climate impacts on human livelihoods: where uncertainty matters in projections of water availabilityT. K. Lissner, D. E. Reusser, J. Schewe, T. Lakes, and J. P. KroppEarth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., 5, 403-442, 2014

Detailed content description:

Table 1.: T1_elements_definitions.odsThe table provides background information on the identified elementsof AHEAD and the translation in a quantified representation, including thechoice of data as well as the fuzzy membership functions. Tables 2. a-f: The tables provide country specific membership values for constantvalues across timeslices, as well as projected values on the basisof the ensemble mean (mean over all impact and climate models and RCPs).Country names are represented using ISO3 codes (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3). Eachfile with secnario values contains the timeslices 2000, 2030, 2060 and 2090. a. T2a_fuzzyvalues.csv (membership values of all input variables to linguistic category: adequacy is high, constant values)b. T2b_wateravail.csv (membership values to linguistic category: adequacy of water availability is high, scenario values)c. T2c_subsistence.csv (aggregated values for the subindex Subsistence, scenario values)d. T2d_infrastructure.csv (aggregated values for the subindex Infrastructure, constant values)e. T2e_societalstructure.csv (aggregated values for the subindex Societal Structure, constant values)f. T2f_AHEAD.csv (aggregated for the AHEAD Index, scenario values) Table 3.: T3_uncertainty_classes.csvCountry-specific results for the classification of uncertainty,following the decision-tree in Figure 2 and presented in Figure 5for the four scenario timeslices. netcdf-files containa) fuzzified scenario values (degree of membership to the linguistic category "conditions are adequate") for: - water availability - Subsistence subindex - AHEAD index b) First-order indicator of available renewable freshwater resources: we calculate annual mean runoff at each grid cell, and then redistribute it within each river basin according to the spatial distribution of discharge to account for cross–boundary flows between countries (Gerten et al., 2011). The result is summed up over every country and divided by the country’s population to obtain water resources per capita per year. Country-level population data according to UNWPP estimates for the historical period, and according to the Shared Socio-economic Pathways SSP2 (ONeill et al., 2012) projection for the future, is obtained from the SSP Database at https://secure.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/ene/SspDb and linearly interpolated to obtain annual values. For further details about the model simulations, see also Schewe et al. (2014). We calculate average per capita water availability for a baseline of 1981-2010 (2000) and calculate projected changes for the scenario period 2071-2099 (2090). Filenames indicate the impact model, climate model, RCP scenario, CO2 scenario and variable names. Data on water availability are derived from ISI-MIP simulation. File name conventions follow ISI-MIP the documentation. See also https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/climate-impacts-and-vulnerabilities/research/rd2-cross-cutting-activities/isi-mip/for-modellers/isi-mip-fast-track/simulation-protocol/simulationprotocol-as-of-2013_04_30_version2.3-1

Poland Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 55.066 Cub m in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 55.867 Cub m for 2022. Poland Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 55.673 Cub m from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.005 Cub m in 1990 and a record low of 45.968 Cub m in 1970. Poland Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

BackgroundSustainable rural water supply management requires accurate estimations of water consumption and understanding factors influencing consumption. Climate change exacerbates challenges, especially in developing countries with high poverty and limited access to clean water. Ethiopia has the lowest municipal water supply in Africa. The residents of the Harar region currently get water once a week or two weeks for just a few hours, which is very inadequate for everyday household activities like drinking, cooking, cleaning utensils, washing clothes, etc. Despite global efforts to identify the factors that affect domestic water consumption, those related to domestic water use in rural regions have not been sufficiently studied, particularly in rural woredas of Harari region, Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the domestic water consumption and associated factors at household level in rural woredas of Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia from October 29, 2022 to November 21, 2022.MethodA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 408 households using stratified sampling techniques, collecting data on socio-demographic and water use characteristics. Epi-Data and SPSS were used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to determine average total and per capita water consumption, while a multiple linear regression model allowed for the identification of associated factors and the prediction of water consumption with statistical significance.ResultDaily water consumption was found to be 103.3 L/hh/d and 17.6 L/c/d. The associated factors included the main source of water, time of collection, household size, wealth status, water price, and frequency of gathering water.ConclusionThus, the provision of an adequate quantity of water for rural households should be given attention for maintaining human wellbeing, and the consideration of socio-economic factors affecting per capita water consumption is desirable in the planning and implementation of proper water demand management strategies.

Egypt EG: Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita data was reported at 19.605 Cub m in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.498 Cub m for 2012. Egypt EG: Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 31.951 Cub m from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2014, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.144 Cub m in 1962 and a record low of 19.605 Cub m in 2014. Egypt EG: Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank: Energy Production and Consumption. Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.; ; Food and Agriculture Organization, AQUASTAT data.; Weighted average;

Netherlands Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 73.134 Cub m in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 73.849 Cub m for 2021. Netherlands Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 76.961 Cub m from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.409 Cub m in 1990 and a record low of 70.010 Cub m in 2017. Netherlands Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Netherlands – Table NL.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

Latvia Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 45.909 Cub m in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 46.368 Cub m for 2022. Latvia Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 47.071 Cub m from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2023, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.733 Cub m in 2000 and a record low of 9.372 Cub m in 1997. Latvia Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Latvia – Table LV.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

United States Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 147.723 Cub m in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 206.630 Cub m for 2005. United States Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 206.630 Cub m from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 213.923 Cub m in 1990 and a record low of 147.723 Cub m in 2020. United States Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

This map, compiled to support the analysis of SOLAW report concerning land tenure and water rights (FAO -NRL, SOLAW 2010 Report 5A - Hotspots of land tenure and water rights) shows the mean surface availability of agricultural land use per capita at global scale. Land use agricultural availability varies considerably according to different regions. For example, the agricultural population in China has an average of 0.66 ha agricultural land per person, while that of Argentina has 41 ha. But the country averages most often give a false picture of reality, because the agricultural land use, which here include pastures, do not have the same potential, and because the situations of different regions in one country can be extremely mixed.

China Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential data was reported at 188.799 l in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 184.732 l for 2022. China Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential data is updated yearly, averaging 178.638 l from Dec 1978 (Median) to 2023, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 220.240 l in 2000 and a record low of 120.600 l in 1978. China Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Utility Sector – Table CN.RCA: Water Consumption: Daily per Capita: Residential.

In 2020, the volume of renewable water per capita in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was the highest in Iraq at more than *** thousand cubic meters of renewable water per capita. In comparison, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries had the lowest volume of water from renewable resources per capita among the region.

Maldives MV: Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita data was reported at 73.485 Cub m in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 77.679 Cub m for 2012. Maldives MV: Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 137.355 Cub m from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2014, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 315.996 Cub m in 1962 and a record low of 73.485 Cub m in 2014. Maldives MV: Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Maldives – Table MV.World Bank: Energy Production and Consumption. Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.; ; Food and Agriculture Organization, AQUASTAT data.; Weighted Average;

Canada Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data was reported at 127.375 Cub m in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 129.352 Cub m for 2019. Canada Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 172.823 Cub m from Dec 1972 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 184.247 Cub m in 1990 and a record low of 127.375 Cub m in 2021. Canada Total Freshwater: Public Water Supply per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Freshwater Abstractions: by Sources: OECD Member: Annual.

Russia Avg Consumer Price: Cold Water Supply and Canalization: Monthly per Person data was reported at 376.160 RUB/Person in 18 Feb 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 376.160 RUB/Person for 11 Feb 2019. Russia Avg Consumer Price: Cold Water Supply and Canalization: Monthly per Person data is updated weekly, averaging 258.380 RUB/Person from Jan 2008 (Median) to 18 Feb 2019, with 563 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 376.160 RUB/Person in 18 Feb 2019 and a record low of 135.980 RUB/Person in 07 Jan 2008. Russia Avg Consumer Price: Cold Water Supply and Canalization: Monthly per Person data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Prices – Table RU.PA001: Average Consumer Price: Weekly.