Islam is the major religion in many African countries, especially in the north of the continent. In Comoros, Libya, Western Sahara, at least 99 percent of the population was Muslim as of 202. These were the highest percentages on the continent. However, also in many other African nations, the majority of the population was Muslim. In Egypt, for instance, Islam was the religion of 79 percent of the people. Islam and other religions in Africa Africa accounts for an important share of the world’s Muslim population. As of 2019, 16 percent of the Muslims worldwide lived in Sub-Saharan Africa, while 20 percent of them lived in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Together with Christianity, Islam is the most common religious affiliation in Africa, followed by several traditional African religions. Although to a smaller extent, numerous other religions are practiced on the continent: these include Judaism, the Baha’i Faith, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Number of Muslims worldwide Islam is one of the most widespread religions in the world. There are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims globally, with the largest Muslim communities living in the Asia-Pacific region. Specifically, Indonesia hosts the highest number of Muslims worldwide, amounting to over 200 million, followed by India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Islam is also present in Europe and America. The largest Islamic communities in Europe are in France (5.72 million), Germany (4.95 million), and the United Kingdom (4.13 million). In the United States, there is an estimated number of around 3.45 million Muslims.

In 2024, Nigeria had the largest Muslim population in Africa, with around 105 million people who belonged to an Islamic denomination. Egypt and Algeria followed with 90.4 million and 39.4 million Muslims, respectively. Muslims have a significant presence in Africa, with an estimated 50 percent of the continent's population identifying as Muslim. The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th century with the arrival of Arab traders, and it continued through Islamic scholars and missionaries.

The average for 2013 based on 46 countries was 43.9 percent. The highest value was in Algeria: 100 percent and the lowest value was in Angola: 0 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2013. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2024, Nigeria accounted for 7.08 percent of the global Muslim population, the highest share among African countries. Egypt and Algeria followed, with shares of 6.12 percent and 2.67 percent, respectively. Islam has a significant presence in Africa, with an estimated 50 percent of the continent's population identifying as Muslim. The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th century with the arrival of Arab traders, and later continued through Islamic scholars and missionaries.

Christianity is the major religion in numerous African countries. As of 2024, around 96 percent of the population of Zambia was Christian, representing the highest percentage on the continent. Seychelles and Rwanda followed with roughly 95 percent and 94 percent of the population being Christian, respectively. While these countries present the highest percentages, Christianity was also prevalent in many other African nations. For instance, in South Africa, Christianity was the religion of nearly 85 percent of the people, while the share corresponded to 71 percent in Ghana. Religious variations across Africa Christianity and Islam are the most practiced religions in Africa. Christian adherents are prevalent below the Sahara, while North Africa is predominantly Muslim. In 2020, Christians accounted for around 60 percent of the Sub-Saharan African population, followed by Muslims with a share of roughly 30 percent. In absolute terms, there were approximately 650 million Christians in the region, a number forecast to increase to over one billion by 2050. In contrast, Islam is most prevalent in North Africa, being the religion of over 90 percent of the population in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya. Christianity in the world As opposed to other religions, Christianity is widely spread across continents worldwide. In fact, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe each account for around 25 percent of the global Christian population. By comparison, Asia-Pacific and North America make up 13 percent and 12 percent of Christians worldwide, respectively. In several regions, Christians also suffer persecution on religious grounds. Somalia and Libya presented the most critical situation in Africa in 2021, reporting the strongest suppression of Christians worldwide just after North Korea and Afghanistan.

In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

Muslim Ingredients Market Outlook

The global Muslim ingredients market size is projected to grow from USD 1.9 billion in 2023 to USD 3.5 billion by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2%. The burgeoning Muslim population, coupled with increasing awareness and demand for halal-certified products, is a key growth factor driving this market.

The rising Muslim population globally is one of the primary drivers of the Muslim ingredients market. As of 2023, Muslims constitute about 24% of the worldÂ’s population, and this demographic is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. This growth is predominantly seen in regions such as the Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. The increasing Muslim population naturally leads to a higher demand for halal products, including food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. A deeper understanding and adherence to religious dietary laws have further solidified the importance of incorporating halal ingredients in daily consumption.

The surge in disposable income among Muslim consumers has also played a pivotal role in the market's expansion. Improved economic conditions in countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and UAE, have led to increased spending on premium halal-certified products. This trend is particularly evident in the food and beverage sector, where consumers are willing to pay a premium for assurance of quality and compliance with Islamic dietary laws. Consequently, manufacturers are increasingly investing in halal certification and aligning their products with Islamic principles to tap into this lucrative market.

Technological advancements and innovation in the processing and certification of halal products have further bolstered market growth. The introduction of blockchain technology for halal certification ensures transparency, traceability, and authenticity, thus gaining consumer trust. Additionally, advancements in food science have enabled the development of new halal-friendly ingredients, expanding the range of available products. Companies investing in research and development are better positioned to cater to the evolving preferences of Muslim consumers and gain a competitive edge in the market.

Halal Food plays a pivotal role in the Muslim ingredients market, as it aligns with the religious and cultural practices of Muslim consumers. The demand for halal food is not only limited to Muslim-majority countries but is also gaining traction in regions with growing Muslim populations, such as Europe and North America. This trend is driven by the increasing awareness of halal food as a symbol of quality and ethical production, appealing to both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers. The assurance of halal certification provides consumers with confidence that the food products adhere to strict Islamic dietary laws, which is crucial for maintaining religious observance. As a result, food manufacturers are increasingly investing in halal certification to cater to this expanding market segment and capitalize on the growing demand for halal food products globally.

Regionally, the Asia-Pacific holds the largest market share, driven by countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, where the majority of the population adheres to Islamic dietary laws. North America and Europe are also witnessing increased demand for halal products, fueled by the growing Muslim immigrant population and rising awareness among non-Muslim consumers about the benefits of halal-certified products. The Middle East and Africa region, with its predominantly Muslim population, remains a critical market, contributing significantly to the global revenue.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment of the Muslim ingredients market comprises halal meat, halal dairy products, halal beverages, halal confectionery, halal nutraceuticals, and others. Halal meat holds a significant share in this segment due to the stringent religious guidelines governing meat consumption in Islam. The demand for halal meat is particularly high in regions with large Muslim populations, such as the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. Companies are increasingly focusing on ensuring that their meat products are certified halal to cater to this growing demand. The advent of online meat delivery services has further propelled the growth of this segment.

Halal dairy products, including milk, cheese, and yogurt, are another crucial segment that has see

"Between October 2011 and November 2012, Pew Research Center, with generous funding from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation, conducted a public opinion survey involving more than 30,000 face-to-face interviews in 26 countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The survey asked people to describe their religious beliefs and practices, and sought to gauge respondents; knowledge of and attitudes toward other faiths. It aimed to assess levels of political and economic satisfaction, concerns about crime, corruption and extremism, positions on issues such as abortion and polygamy, and views of democracy, religious law and the place of women in society.

"Although the surveys were nationally representative in most countries, the primary goal of the survey was to gauge and compare beliefs and attitudes of Muslims. The findings for Muslim respondents are summarized in the Religion & Public Life Project's reports The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity and The World's Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society, which are available at www.pewresearch.org. [...] This dataset only contains data for Muslim respondents in the countries surveyed. Please note that this codebook is meant as a guide to the dataset, and is not the survey questionnaire." (2012 Pew Religion Worlds Muslims Codebook)

In 2024, Ethiopia had the largest Christian population in Africa, with around 77.5 million people who identified as Christian. The second highest Christian population was in Nigeria, with 74.4 million people. Christianity has a significant presence in Africa, with its history on the continent dating back to the fourth century in Ethiopia. Furthermore, Christianity has spread throughout Africa with different denominations and traditions, taking root in various regions. Some of the largest Christian denominations in Africa include the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, and the Pentecostal and Charismatic movements.

In 2022, a survey conducted in the selected African countries found that the vast majority of respondents would be fasting during Ramadan. The regional average was was 99 percent. Furthermore, the country with the highest share of people fasting was Algeria with 99.7 percent. Ramadan is the biggest religious season for Muslims, during the month communities unite on a journey of spirituality. Fasting is one of the most important parts of the Ramadan celebration. The fast is broken every evening with a communal evening meal or Iftar.

Islamic Clothing Market Outlook

The global Islamic clothing market size is projected to witness substantial growth from 2023 to 2032, with market figures standing at approximately USD 100 billion in 2023 and expected to reach USD 170 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6%. The increasing demand for modest fashion across the globe acts as a significant growth driver for the Islamic clothing market. This segment of the fashion industry has seen a surge in popularity, not only among Muslim populations but also among non-Muslims who appreciate the aesthetic and ethical aspects of modest fashion.

One of the primary growth factors for the Islamic clothing market is the rising preference for modest attire influenced by cultural and religious sentiments. This is particularly prevalent among Muslim-majority countries but is also gaining traction in Western countries where multiculturalism and diversity are celebrated. There is an increasing tendency among Muslim women to balance their religious traditions with modern fashion trends, leading to a higher demand for contemporary designs in Islamic clothing. The fashion industry has also seen a shift towards inclusivity and diversity, with many mainstream brands launching modest fashion lines, thereby reaching a broader audience.

The internet and social media platforms have played a crucial role in influencing the growth of the Islamic clothing market. With the increasing penetration of smartphones and the internet, consumers now have easier access to a variety of styles and trends from around the world. Influencers and fashion bloggers focusing on modest fashion have amplified the reach of Islamic clothing, encouraging a more expansive audience to explore this segment. This digital exposure helps bridge the gap between traditional and modern fashion, making Islamic clothing more mainstream and accessible.

Economic growth in key markets with significant Muslim populations is also contributing to the market's expansion. Countries in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa are experiencing higher disposable incomes, leading to increased spending on fashion and lifestyle products, including Islamic clothing. Additionally, tourism has also played a role, where travelers visiting Muslim-majority regions tend to purchase local attire as part of their cultural experience, further boosting the market.

From a regional perspective, the Middle East and Africa hold a prominent share of the Islamic clothing market, driven by a large Muslim population and strong cultural ties to traditional attire. However, North America and Europe are projected to witness significant growth due to the increasing acceptance and popularity of modest fashion among diverse populations. Asia Pacific, with its large Muslim demographic in countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, continues to offer lucrative opportunities for market players. These regions are expected to exhibit varying growth rates, with regions such as Asia Pacific showcasing higher CAGR owing to its growing population and increasing urbanization.

Product Type Analysis

The Islamic clothing market encompasses a diverse range of product types, including abayas, hijabs, thobes, kaftans, and others. Abayas, primarily worn in the Middle East, have evolved from traditional wear to fashion statements, incorporating modern designs and fabrics. Fashion designers are innovating with abayas, integrating contemporary styles while maintaining their modest appeal. This ongoing evolution is making abayas popular not only in the Middle Eastern countries but also among Muslim women worldwide who seek modest yet stylish attire.

Hijabs, another significant segment, have seen a surge in demand due to the increasing number of women embracing this form of headscarf as a part of their daily attire. The hijab market has expanded with an array of styles, colors, and fabrics, catering to the diverse preferences of Muslim women. The growing awareness and acceptance of hijabs in non-Muslim countries have further propelled their demand. Brands are increasingly launching hijab lines, recognizing the economic potential and cultural significance of this product type.

Thobes, traditionally worn by men in Arab countries, are now gaining attention as lifestyle fashion. They are known for their comfort and simplicity, and recent trends have seen thobes being adapted for casual and formal occasions alike. The design innovations in thobes are making them appealing to younger generations who are keen on preserving cultural attire w

Religious Veils Market Outlook

The religious veils market is poised for substantial growth, with the global market size valued at approximately USD 250 million in 2023 and projected to reach nearly USD 400 million by 2032, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% during the forecast period. The increasing demand for religious veils stems from cultural, social, and religious factors, compounded by growing multicultural interactions and the rising global Muslim population, which continues to drive the market's expansion. Additionally, the influence of fashion trends adapting traditional veils into modern styles is contributing significantly to market growth.

One of the primary growth factors of the religious veils market is the increasing awareness and adherence to religious norms and practices. This awareness is particularly strong among the younger demographics in Islamic countries and communities, where wearing veils like the hijab, niqab, or burqa is not just a religious obligation but also a cultural identity. Furthermore, the influence of digital media and global communication has amplified this trend, making religious veils a symbol of empowerment and fashion among Muslim women. As more individuals embrace these garments, the demand for diverse styles and types has increased, leading to robust market growth.

Another significant factor propelling the market is the evolution of fashion within the realm of religious attire. Designers are increasingly integrating cultural and religious elements with modern fashion trends, creating diverse collections that cater to a wide array of preferences and occasions. The availability of veils in various colors, patterns, and materials not only satisfies religious requirements but also allows individuals to express their personal style. This fusion of tradition and modernity in religious veils has opened up new avenues for market expansion, as consumers are drawn to innovative and aesthetically pleasing products.

Moreover, the rise in e-commerce and online retail platforms has played a crucial role in the expansion of the religious veils market. These platforms have made it easier for consumers to access a broader range of products from different regions, allowing for a more personalized shopping experience. The convenience of online shopping, coupled with the availability of diverse options, has significantly contributed to the growth of the market. Additionally, social media platforms serve as powerful marketing tools, enabling brands to reach target audiences more effectively and promote new styles and collections.

Regionally, the Middle East and Africa hold the largest share in the religious veils market due to the predominant Muslim population and the cultural significance of veils in daily life. This region is followed by Asia Pacific, which is witnessing rapid growth due to the substantial Muslim communities in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan. North America and Europe represent emerging markets, driven by growing multicultural populations and increasing acceptance of religious diversity. As globalization continues to enhance cross-cultural exchanges, the demand for religious veils is expected to expand across various regions, further bolstering the market's growth trajectory.

Product Type Analysis

The religious veils market is segmented into various product types, including hijabs, niqabs, burqas, chadors, and others, each serving distinct religious and cultural functions. The hijab is one of the most widely worn veils, serving as a versatile headscarf that partially covers the hair and neck, leaving the face visible. Its popularity is largely due to its flexibility in design and the modern fashion industry’s embrace of the hijab as both a religious garment and a fashion accessory. This has led to a surge in demand for hijabs in a variety of colors, patterns, and fabrics, catering to a broad audience who wish to express both their religious beliefs and fashion sense.

The niqab, which covers the face except for the eyes, has a smaller but significant market segment. It is primarily worn in the Middle East, particularly in countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, where it is part of the traditional dress code. However, its adoption is also noticeable in countries with significant Muslim populations in Asia and Africa. The niqab's market growth is influenced by cultural and religious adherence, as well as regional policies regarding dress codes. While the niqab’s demand is steady, it faces challenges in regions where face coverings are subject to legal

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Islamic Financing market size was USD 2514.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1005.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 754.26 million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 578.27 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% from 2024 to 2031.
The Latin American market will account for more than 5% of global revenue and have a market size of USD 125.71 million in 2024. It will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.9% from 2024 to 2031.
The Middle East and Africa held the major markets, accounting for around 2% of the global revenue. The market was USD 50.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The Individual held the highest Islamic Financing market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Islamic Financing Market

Key Drivers of Islamic Financing Market

Growing Muslim Population to Increase the Demand Globally

The growing Muslim population globally is expected to significantly increase the demand for Islamic financial products and services in the coming years. With Muslims comprising a substantial portion of the world's population, estimated to reach nearly 30% by 2050 according to demographic projections, there is a natural market for Sharia-compliant banking and investment solutions. As incomes rise and financial literacy improves in Muslim-majority countries and beyond, more individuals and businesses are seeking financial services that align with their religious beliefs and ethical values. Moreover, the increasing affluence and urbanization among Muslim populations contribute to a greater demand for sophisticated financial products, including Islamic mortgages, savings accounts, and investment funds. This growing demand is wider than in Muslim-majority countries. Still, it extends to Muslim communities and individuals residing in non-Muslim-majority countries, as well as non-Muslims who are attracted to the ethical principles and risk-sharing mechanisms inherent in Islamic finance.

Economic Development in Muslim-majority Countries to Propel Market Growth

Economic development in Muslim-majority countries is poised to propel significant growth within the Islamic finance market. As these countries experience robust economic growth, driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and natural resource wealth, a corresponding demand for sophisticated financial services that comply with Islamic principles emerges. This demand stems from both individuals and businesses seeking ethical and Sharia-compliant financial solutions to meet their diverse needs. Moreover, the expanding middle class within these countries signifies an increasing appetite for diverse banking and investment products, including Islamic mortgages, savings accounts, and investment funds. As disposable incomes rise and financial literacy improves, more people are turning towards Islamic finance as a viable alternative to conventional banking, recognizing its alignment with their religious beliefs and ethical values.

Restraint Factors Of Islamic Financing Market

Limited Product Offering to Limit the Sales

The limited product offering within the Islamic finance market poses a significant challenge, potentially constraining sales and market growth. Compared to conventional banking, Islamic finance products and services are often more specialized and may only cover part of the spectrum of financial needs for individuals and businesses. This limited range of options can deter potential customers who require a broader array of financial solutions. One of the primary reasons for the limited product offering is the adherence to Sharia principles, which prohibit certain financial activities such as interest (riba) and speculative transactions (gharar). While Islamic finance emphasizes ethical and socially responsible investing, it also imposes constraints on product innovation and development, particularly in areas where conventional finance has more f...

Spain has a long history of Islamic tradition under its belt. From cuisine to architecture, the southern European country has been linked to the North of Africa through many common elements. At the end of 2023, there were approximately 2.41 million Muslims in Spain, most of them of Spanish and Moroccan nationality, with upwards of eight hundred thousand believers in both cases. With a Muslim population of more than 660,000 people, Catalonia was home to the largest Muslim community in Spain as of the same date.

The not so Catholic Spain

Believers of a religion other than Catholicism accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Spanish population, according to the most recent data. Although traditionally a Catholic country, Spain saw a decline in the number of believers over the past years. Compared to previous years, when the share of believers accounted for slightly over 70 percent of the Spanish population, the Catholic community lost ground, while still being the major religion for the foreseable future.

A Catholic majority, a practicing minority

Going to mass is no longer a thing in Spain, or so it would seem when looking at the latest statistics about the matter: 50 percent of those who consider themselves Catholics almost never attend any religious service in 2024. The numbers increased until 2019, from 55.5 percent of the population never attending religious services in 2011 to 63.1 percent in 2019. The share of population that stated to be practicing believers and go to mass every Sunday and on the most important holidays accounted for only 15.5 percent.

Nigeria has hundreds of ethnic groups that are usually divided and defined primarily by language. The country hosts more ethnic groups than any other African nation, ranking among the most ethnically-complex states in the world. Most of these ethnic groups are small and localized, with only a few playing a central role in Nigerian society. The major people groups of Nigeria are: Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo (Ibo).The advent of colonial rule in Nigeria brought the various ethnic groups increasingly into contact with one another. This integrative process was facilitated by the construction of connective infrastructure. This increasing development set in motion a process that led to greater contact and competition among the various ethnic groups for dominance and economic advantage. The Nigerian government has worked out tentative power-sharing arrangements to help ensure that its many ethnic groups have some say in society. However, cities remain largely segregated along ethno-religious lines and confrontation between ethnic groups is common. Often, ethnic clashes in one part of the country can set off a chain of reprisal riots and attacks in other parts of the country.Most major ethnic groups have seen the formation of ethnic-exclusive militias to protect alleged group interests and perpetrate violence against other ethnic groups. These vigilante groups continue to act with impunity for lack of stringent law enforcement in much of the state. These continued attacks and tensions among ethnic groups threaten to destabilize an already unsteady country.Hausa - Northern Nigeria is dominated by this ethnic group and is often considered unified with the Fulani through intermarriage of acculturation, generating the Hausa-Fulani as a single ethnic entity. The Hausa were predominately traders throughout the Sahara and Sahel regions but have become more concentrated in rural areas as farmers and herders. They are predominately Muslim with some of the smaller sub-groups such as the Maguzawa practicing indigenous faiths. Their religion is a key component to ethnic identity and continues to shape their role in modern Nigerian society and politics. The Hausa and Fulani were instrumental in establishing and maintaining Sharia in 11 of the country’s northern states.Fulani –The Fulani are an ethnic group of Muslims located in northern Nigeria that have often assimilated into the Hausa culture. At one point nomadic herders, they arrived in the Hausa states sometime in the early 13th century. Many have intermarried with the Hausa and have mostly adopted those customs and language, although some Fulani choose to stay "pure" by retaining a nomadic lifestyle, their own language, and cultural autonomy. The Fulani are most distinctively known for a dispute that developed between them and the local King of Gobir, which developed into a jihad ending with a Fulani conquest of the Hausa states in the early 1800s.Yoruba – The Yoruba are Christian/Muslims living in southwestern Nigeria united by their common belief that Ife is their place of origin and the Oni of Ife is their spiritual leader. Their mythology holds that "Oduduwa" created the earth and that royal houses of the Yoruba kingdoms can trace their ancestry back to "Oduduwa.” Yoruba society is organized into kingdoms, the greatest of which was called Oyo. The Oyo Empire collapsed in 1830, when Afonja, broke away from the rest of the Yoruba culture and lost his empire to the Fulani. This event occurred in close temporal proximity to the Fulani Jihad, but was not associated with it. As Islam and Christianity spread to Yorubaland over the past few centuries, the group embraced both faiths alongside its many traditional and animist beliefs. This blend and acceptance of religion survives in modern society and has mitigated some religious conflict in places where Yoruba form the majority.Igbo (Ibo) – The Igbo are the main ethnic group living in southeastern Nigeria. They have represented some of the staunchest opponents to the establishment of Sharia in the North where some minority Igbo populations exist. As opposed to Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba cultures, the Igbo were traditionally decentralized and non-hierarchical, making them more receptive to European conversion efforts.Under British colonial rule, many Igbo served in government and military roles and were later key players in the 1960 Nigerian independence movement. In January 1966, Igbo leader General Ironsi established a military coup in Nigeria to try and unify a fragmented, newly-independent Nigeria. The northern section of the country believed there was an Igbo conspiracy with the establishment of the new government. In July 1966, a counter-attack was staged by northern military officers in response to the constitution of another new government. Chaos ensued and about 50,000 Igbo were killed in northern Nigeria. To put an end to chaos and upheaval, groups in eastern Nigeria declared themselves as an independent sovereign state known as “Biafra" on 30 May 1967. The Igbo secessionist movement in Biafra led to a 30-month war (Biafran War) with the Nigerian government, in which hundreds of thousands of Igbo starved to death. After the war, Igbo were reintegrated into Nigerian society, but in a more marginalized role. Despite lingering ethnic tension, they now play an important part in southeastern Nigeria's oil trade.

ISO3 - International Organization for Standardization 3-digit country code

PEOPLEGP_1 - People group level one

PEOPLEGP_2 - People group level two

PEOPLEGP_3 - People group level three

ALT_NAME - Alternate names or spellings for people groups

SOURCE_DT - Primary source creation date

SOURCE - Primary source

Collection

This shapefile created by using Anthromapper consists of ethnic layers that have been primarily based on the 1959 Murdock map of Africa with an addition of the Anaang people group based on a general location provided by Ethnologue. Geographical terrain features, combined with a watershed model, were also used to predict the likely extent of ethnic and linguistic influence. The HGIS data and metadata were supplemented with anthropological information from peer-reviewed journals and published books. The interpretation of ethnic names often produces multiple spellings of the same people groups; therefore similarly spelled or phonetic titles may be referencing the same group.

The data included herein have not been derived from a registered survey and should be considered approximate unless otherwise defined. While rigorous steps have been taken to ensure the quality of each dataset, DigitalGlobe Analytics is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of data compiled from outside sources.

Sources (HGIS)

Anthromapper. DigitalGlobe Analytics, March 2013.

Murdock, George Peter. Tribal Map of Africa from Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., January 1959.

Interactive Murdock Map available at - http://worldmap.harvard.edu/africamap.

Ethnologue, “Anaang.” Last modified April 2013. Accessed April 2013. http://www.ethnologue.com

People Groups, “Nigeria.” Last modified April 2013. Accessed April 2013. http://peoplegroups.org.

Joshua Project, “Nigeria”. Last modified March 2013. Accessed April 2013. http://www.joshuaproject.net.

Sources (Metadata)

Walker, Andrew. United States Institute of Peace, "What is Boko Haram?." Last modified 2012. Accessed April 9, 2013. http://www.usip.org.

Buhayar, Noah. PBS, "Oil and Politics in Nigeria." Last modified 2007. Accessed April 8, 2013. www.pbs.org.

Bascom, William. Urbanization Among the Yoruba. Culture and Societies of Africa. Edited by Simon and Phoebe Ottenberg. New York: Random House, 1960.

Greenberg, Joseph H. Some Aspects of Negro-Mohammedan Culture Contact Among the Hausa. Culture and Societies of Africa. Edited by Simon and Phoebe Ottenberg. New York: Random House, 1960.

Levinson, David. Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 1998.

Ehwarieme, William. "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: The Displacement of Ethnicity by Corruption in Nigeria's Electoral Politics." Journal of Third World Studies. 26. no. 2 (2011): 181-206.

Paden, John. Religion and Political Culture in Kano. University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1973.

Suberu, Rotimi. Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2001.

Joshua Project, “Nigeria”. Last modified April 2013. Accessed April 2013. http://www.joshuaproject.net.

In 2022, the largest market for Islamic apparel was Iran, valued at approximately 57 billion U.S. dollars. In comparison, second-placed Turkey had a modest fashion market value of just under 37 billion dollars.

Pew Research Center surveyed 13,122 adults across six countries in Asia about religious identity, beliefs, and practices, using nationally representative methods. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in Cambodia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. They were conducted on mobile phones in Malaysia and Singapore. Local interviewers administered the survey from June to September 2022, in eight languages.

This survey is part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, a broader effort by Pew Research Center to study religious change and its impact on societies around the world. The Center previously has conducted religion-focused surveys across sub-Saharan Africa; the Middle East-North Africa region and many countries with large Muslim populations; Latin America; Israel; Central and Eastern Europe; Western Europe; India; and the United States.

This survey includes three countries in which Buddhists make up a majority of the population (Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand); two countries with Muslim majorities (Malaysia and Indonesia); and one country that is religiously diverse, with no single group forming a majority (Singapore). We also are surveying five additional countries and territories in Asia, to be covered in a future report.

Pew Research Center has produced a supplemental syntax file containing SPSS code to generate common analytic variables in the survey's corresponding report and toplines. The ARDA has provided this syntax in a copyable PDF document as an additional download.

Islamic Insurance (Takaful) Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market size reached USD 32.7 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust expansion driven by increasing demand for Sharia-compliant financial products. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 13.2% during the forecast period, reaching approximately USD 89.6 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor for this market is the rising awareness and acceptance of ethical and interest-free insurance solutions across both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim-majority countries. This surge in demand is further supported by favorable regulatory reforms and the growing presence of Takaful operators globally.

One of the significant growth drivers for the Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market is the increasing consumer preference for ethical and Sharia-compliant financial solutions. As awareness of Islamic finance principles expands, more individuals and businesses are seeking insurance products that align with their religious and ethical beliefs. Takaful, based on the principles of mutual cooperation and shared responsibility, offers an attractive alternative to conventional insurance, which often involves elements of uncertainty (gharar) and interest (riba) prohibited under Islamic law. This shift in consumer behavior is particularly pronounced in regions with large Muslim populations, such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and North Africa, but is also gaining traction in Western markets as financial inclusivity and ethical investing become more mainstream.

Another key factor fueling the growth of the Takaful market is the proactive stance of regulatory authorities in developing frameworks that support Islamic insurance operations. Governments in countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates have introduced comprehensive regulations to ensure the soundness and transparency of Takaful operations, thereby fostering investor confidence and encouraging market entry by new players. Additionally, global standard-setting bodies such as the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) are continuously working to harmonize standards, which is expected to further propel market growth by reducing operational uncertainties and facilitating cross-border expansion.

The integration of digital technologies and innovative distribution channels is also playing a pivotal role in shaping the future of the Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market. The rise of digital platforms, mobile applications, and online aggregators has made Takaful products more accessible to a broader customer base, especially among tech-savvy younger generations. Insurtech innovations are streamlining processes, enhancing customer experiences, and reducing administrative costs, thereby making Takaful solutions more competitive and appealing. The adoption of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics is expected to further transform the market landscape, enabling Takaful operators to offer personalized products, improve risk assessment, and enhance claims management.

Regionally, the Middle East and Southeast Asia remain the largest and most dynamic markets for Islamic Insurance (Takaful), accounting for a significant share of global premiums. However, there is growing interest and market penetration in Africa, South Asia, and even parts of Europe and North America, driven by increasing Muslim populations and greater awareness of Sharia-compliant financial services. The expansion of Takaful into new geographies is being facilitated by strategic alliances, bancassurance partnerships, and the entry of multinational insurers seeking to diversify their portfolios. As a result, the global Takaful market is expected to witness accelerated growth, with emerging markets playing a crucial role in shaping its trajectory over the next decade.

Type Analysis

The Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market is broadly catego

Islamic Insurance (Takaful) Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market size reached USD 35.7 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust momentum driven by increasing demand for Sharia-compliant financial services globally. The market is set to expand at a CAGR of 13.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 104.3 billion by 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is fueled by the rising awareness of Islamic finance principles, regulatory support, and the increasing penetration of Islamic financial products in both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim regions. As the global Islamic finance ecosystem matures, the Takaful sector is poised for substantial expansion and innovation.

The primary growth driver for the Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market is the increasing demand for ethical and Sharia-compliant insurance products. With a growing Muslim population worldwide, particularly in Asia Pacific and the Middle East, there is a significant shift towards financial solutions aligned with Islamic values. Takaful, which operates on the principles of mutual cooperation and risk-sharing, appeals to consumers seeking alternatives to conventional insurance, which may involve elements prohibited under Sharia law such as interest (riba) and uncertainty (gharar). This demand is further amplified by the rising financial literacy among consumers and the proactive efforts of governments and financial institutions to promote Islamic finance as a viable and competitive alternative to traditional financial products.

Another key factor propelling the growth of the Takaful market is the supportive regulatory environment in several core markets. Countries such as Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates have implemented comprehensive frameworks and guidelines that foster the development of Islamic insurance. These regulations ensure transparency, consumer protection, and Sharia compliance, thereby boosting consumer confidence and facilitating market entry for new players. Furthermore, cross-border collaborations and harmonization of standards are enabling Takaful operators to scale their offerings and tap into new markets, including regions with emerging interest in Islamic finance such as Africa and Southeast Asia. The proliferation of digital platforms and InsurTech innovations is also making Takaful more accessible and appealing, particularly to younger, tech-savvy consumers.

The increasing integration of technology within the Takaful sector is a significant catalyst for market expansion. Digital transformation, including the adoption of online distribution channels, mobile applications, and AI-driven customer engagement tools, is revolutionizing how Takaful services are delivered and consumed. These advancements not only enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs but also improve customer experience and broaden market reach. The use of big data analytics, blockchain, and smart contracts is streamlining underwriting, claims processing, and compliance monitoring, which is critical in maintaining the integrity and trust inherent in Takaful operations. As digital infrastructure continues to evolve, Takaful operators are better positioned to meet the diverse needs of individuals, SMEs, and large enterprises, further accelerating market growth.

Regionally, the Middle East & Africa and Asia Pacific remain the powerhouses of the global Takaful market, accounting for a significant share of the total premium volume. The Middle East, led by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, benefits from a strong Islamic banking ecosystem and supportive government initiatives. Meanwhile, Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia and Indonesia, is witnessing rapid growth due to proactive regulatory measures and a large, underserved Muslim population. Emerging markets in Africa and South Asia are also showing promising potential, driven by increasing awareness, economic development, and regulatory reforms. In contrast, Europe and North America are experiencing gradual adoption, primarily among diaspora communities and through niche product offerings. Overall, the global outlook for the Islamic Insurance (Takaful) market is highly optimistic, with significant opportunities for innovation, expansion, and cross-border collaboration.

Type Analysis

The Takaful market is segmented by type into Family Takaful and General Takaful, each catering to distinct consumer needs and risk pr

Halal Food Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Halal Food market size reached USD 2.35 trillion in 2024, demonstrating robust growth driven by increasing demand among Muslim and non-Muslim populations worldwide. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 7.3% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of USD 4.44 trillion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily fueled by rising consumer awareness regarding food safety and hygiene, the expanding Muslim population, and the increasing acceptance of halal-certified products across diverse regions and demographics.

The growth of the Halal Food market is underpinned by several pivotal factors, with the foremost being the expanding global Muslim population, which is expected to surpass 2.2 billion by 2030. This demographic shift is exerting a profound influence on food consumption patterns, as halal food is a religious and cultural necessity for Muslims. Furthermore, the increasing urbanization and rising disposable incomes in key markets such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Africa are leading to a surge in demand for premium and processed halal food products. Simultaneously, the penetration of halal food into non-Muslim markets, driven by perceptions of superior quality, ethical sourcing, and stringent hygiene standards, is broadening the consumer base and propelling market growth.

Another significant growth driver is the rapid globalization of the food industry, which has facilitated the cross-border movement of halal products. Multinational food manufacturers and retailers are actively seeking halal certification to tap into lucrative markets, particularly in countries with large Muslim populations. Technological advancements in food processing and supply chain management have also enabled producers to maintain halal integrity throughout the production and distribution processes. Additionally, government initiatives and supportive regulatory frameworks in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and the United Arab Emirates are fostering a conducive environment for halal food industry growth, enhancing consumer trust and encouraging new market entrants.

The proliferation of e-commerce and digital platforms has further accelerated the expansion of the Halal Food market. Consumers now have greater access to a wide array of halal products, with online retail channels offering convenience, variety, and competitive pricing. This digital transformation is particularly evident among younger consumers who value transparency, product authenticity, and ease of purchase. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened consumer awareness regarding food safety and traceability, prompting both manufacturers and retailers to adopt advanced technologies such as blockchain for halal certification verification. These trends are expected to continue shaping the market landscape over the forecast period, driving sustained growth and innovation.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific remains the dominant market for halal food, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by the Middle East & Africa. The region's dominance is attributed to its substantial Muslim population, strong government support, and the presence of established halal food supply chains. North America and Europe are also witnessing significant growth, owing to rising multiculturalism, increasing Muslim migration, and the growing popularity of halal-certified products among health-conscious consumers. Latin America, while representing a smaller share, is emerging as a promising market due to rising awareness and the gradual expansion of halal certification infrastructure.

The emergence of Halal Meat Snacks as a popular product category is a testament to the evolving consumer preferences within the Halal Food market. These snacks cater to the growing demand for convenient, on-the-go food options that align with halal dietary laws. As consumers increasingly seek healthier and ethically sourced alternatives, halal meat snacks are gaining traction not only among Muslim populations but also among health-conscious non-Muslim consumers. The innovative use of spices and flavors in these snacks is enhancing their appeal, making them a staple in both traditional and modern diets. This trend is further supported by advancements in packag