The fastest growing economy in Europe in 2024 was Malta. The small Mediterranean country's gross domestic product grew at five percent in 2024, beating out Montenegro which had a growth rate of almost four percent and the Russian Federation which had a rate of 3.6 percent in the same year. Estonia was the country with the largest negative growth in 2024, as the Baltic country's economy shrank by 0.88 percent compared with 2023, largely as a result of the country's exposure to the economic effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent economic sanctions placed on Russia. Germany, Europe's largest economy, experience economic stagnation with a growth of 0.1 percent. Overall, the EU (which contains 27 European countries) registered a growth rate of one percent and the Eurozone (which contains 20) grew by 0.8 percent.

The real gross domestic product (GDP) of Malta is estimated to have grown by *** percent in 2023 and is projected to grow a further **** percent in 2024, which are the highest growth rates across all European countries for each year. In comparison, Estonia, Austria, Finland, and Ireland all had *************** rates in 2023.

This dataset provides values for GDP GROWTH RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for GDP ANNUAL GROWTH RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The economy of the European Union is set to grow by *** percent in 2025, according to forecasts by the European Commission. This marks a significant slowdown compared to previous years, when the EU member states grew quickly in the aftermath of the COVID pandemic. ***** is the country which is forecasted to grow the most in 2025, with an annual growth rate of *** percent. Many of Europe's largest economies, on the other hand, are set to experiencing slow growth or stagnation, with Germany, France, and Italy growing below *** percent.

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the EU member states in the second quarter 2024 compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is considered to be a very important indicator of the economic strength of a country and a positive change in it is a sign of economic growth. In the second quarter of 2024, the real GDP in Denmark increased by 2.5 percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. The overall EU GDP amounted to around 15.8 trillion euros around the same time. Global economy and the economic crisis The global economy has been slowly recovery after having been devastated by the global financial crisis in 2008. The economic crisis, which hit Greece, Ireland and Portugal, among other countries, severely, marked the beginning of the European sovereign debt crisis which forced these nations to request a bailout between 2013 and 2014. In November 2014, the unemployment rate in Greece amounted to around a desastrous 25 percent, which means one quarter of Greeks who were of working age were out of work. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate average for the whole European Union was at 10 percent. In addition, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland ranked at the top of the list of the nations in the European Union with the largest national debt in relation to the gross domestic product. In the third quarter of 2014, Greece’s national debt amounted to 176 percent of the gross domestic product. Despite the crisis, the global economy is expected to improve. It is estimated that GDP in the European Union will grow by 1.85 percent in 2015 in comparison to the previous year. Also, the national debt in relation to GDP in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Ireland will decrease between 2015 and 2016.

This paper investigates very long-run preindustrial economic development. New annual GDP per capita data for six European countries over the last seven hundred years paint a clearer picture of the history of European economic development. We confirm that sustained growth has been a recent phenomenon, but reject the argument that there was no long-run growth in living standards before the Industrial Revolution. Instead, the evidence demonstrates the existence of numerous periods of economic growth before the nineteenth century—periods of unsustained, but raising GDP per capita. We also show that many of the economies experienced substantial economic decline. Thus, rather than being stagnant, pre-nineteenth century European economies experienced a great deal of change. Finally, we offer some evidence that, from the nineteenth century, these economies increased the likelihood of being in a phase of economic growth and reduced the risk of being in a phase of economic decline.

Key information about EU Nominal GDP Growth

• European Union Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 4.145 % in Dec 2024.
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.350 % for Sep 2024.
• EU Nominal GDP Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.822 % from Mar 1996 to Dec 2024, with 116 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 16.294 % in Jun 2021 and a record low of -11.067 % in Jun 2020.
• EU Nominal GDP Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Nominal GDP: Y-o-Y Growth: Quarterly: Seasonally Adjusted.

Abstract: This empirical study analyses the potential determinants of GDP growth in selected European countries. The study is conducted on the data for 19 countries from Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe within 2014 to 2020 time - framework. The influence of possible drivers of economic growth are investigated by employing dynamic panel data modeling, specifically System GMM method. The insights made by the study reveal that fiscal responsibility, initial development, inflation rate, EU membership are the main GDP growth drivers. In addition, we control for the institutional determinants of economic growth, as well as the role of R&D. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that macroeconomic policies conducted in a responsible and sustainable way can significantly improve countries growth perspectives. These findings may help us to understand that trinity between policies, institutions and technology is conditio sine qua non of economic growth.

Sampling Procedure Comment: Probability Sample: Multistage Stratified Random Sample

In this paper the authors conduct a meta-analysis to examine the link between R&D spending and economic growth in the EU and other regions. The results suggest that the growth-enhancing effect of R&D in the EU15 countries does not differ from that in other countries in general, but it is less significant than that for other industrialized countries. A closer inspection of the data reveals that the weak results for the EU15 stem from comparisons with the US – the US has been able to generate a stronger growth response from its R&D spending. Possible explanations for the US advantage include higher private sector investment in R&D and stronger public-private sector linkages than in the EU. Hence, to reduce the “innovation gap” vis-à-vis the US, it may not be enough for the EU to raise the share of R&D expenditures in GDP: continuous improvements in the European innovation system will also be needed, with focus on areas like private sector R&D and public-private sector linkages.

The current growing interest in the growth of the Western European economies between the end of World War II and the first oil crisis of 1973 is primarily due to the end of the Cold War and the subsequent demand for solutions for the economic problems of Central and Eastern European transition countries. It was and is discussed to what extent we could learn from the successful rebuilding of the Western European economies. In this context one area of special interest is the reconstruction of West Germany, closely accompanied by the principle of the social market economy. The recollection of this principle, and the call for a new Marshall Plan imply the idea that the Western European post-war boom in essence can be traced to a successful economic policy. It is shown how this assumption can stand up to a theoretical and empirical analysis. Using the new growth theory and the cointegration analysis both national (eg social market economy and Planification (i.e. macroeconomic framework development planning)) and international explanations (eg the Marshall Plan) of the so called ‘golden age’ are examined. It turns out that the impact of economic policies on economic growth must be put into perspective. In contrast, the importance of the different economic conditions of the countries for the explication of their growth process is underlined.

Variables, inter alia: - Investment behavior of industry - Production and Export industry - Exchange Rates - Structure of the economies

Data focus: Foreign trade structure, external value (foreign wholesale prices), export volume, industrial production, capital stock, long-term development (income, investment rates, openness, exchange rates), patents (patent applications in Germany, France).

List of tables in the database HISTAT ZA: - Investment rates in four European countries (1880-1995) - Net fixed assets of the industry in Germany (1950-1968) - Sectoral Gross capital expenditures in Germany (1960-1976) - Sectoral Gross investment in France (1949-1965) - Export volume index of France and the Federal Republic of Germany (1950-1973) - Export volume in millions of current U.S. dollars (1951-1990) - Weighted exchange rate index in indirect rate (1950-1973) - Index of industrial production in Europe and North America (1950-1973) - Construction and equipment investment in Germany (1950-1968) - Investment rates in four European countries (1880-1995) - Sectoral gross and net capital stock in France (1950-1970) - Sectoral gross and net capital stock, investment in France (1950-1969) - Percentage of the French colonies in the French total exports (1950-1973) - Openness of four European economies (1880-1994) - Annual patent applications in the United States (1963-1995) - Real per capita income in Europe and the United States (1870-1992) - Regional structure of the French export value (1896-1973) - French sector gross investment (1960-1976) - Exchange rates in four European countries (1891-1995)

Territory of investigation: Germany, France, further OECD-states.

Sources: Publications of the official French and German statistics, publications of the OECD, USA and further states; scientific journals.

This dataset provides information on the Real GDP per capita for 30 countries and regions across Europe, from 1995 to 2023. The dataset includes real GDP per capita data, which is adjusted for inflation (constant prices), allowing comparisons over time across different countries. This data is critical for economic analysis, providing insights into the economic performance and living standards in these countries and regions.

Countries included are:

• Austria (AT)
• Belgium (BE)
• Bulgaria (BG)
• Cyprus (CY)
• Czech Republic (CZ)
• Germany (DE)
• Denmark (DK)
• Euro Area (EA20) – The 20 countries using the euro
• Estonia (EE)
• Greece (EL)
• Spain (ES)
• European Union 27 (EU27_2020) – EU countries excluding the UK (post-Brexit)
• Finland (FI)
• France (FR)
• Croatia (HR)
• Hungary (HU)
• Ireland (IE)
• Italy (IT)
• Lithuania (LT)
• Luxembourg (LU)
• Latvia (LV)
• Malta (MT)
• Netherlands (NL)
• Poland (PL)
• Portugal (PT)
• Romania (RO)
• Sweden (SE)
• Slovenia (SI)
• Slovakia (SK)

Source:

• Eurostat API (via Python Eurostat library)

Time Period:

• 1995 - 2023

Year:

• The year of the data (1995 to 2023)

Usage:

• This dataset is suitable for economic research, data analysis, and forecasting. It can be used to study trends in economic growth, compare the performance of different European economies, and examine the effects of historical events on national GDP.

Attitudes towards the European Union. Cooperation between the EU and the own country. Trust in institutions. Globalisation. Global crisis. Environment. Energy.

Topics: 1. Attitudes towards the European Union: life satisfaction; frequency of discussions about political matters on international, national, and local level with friends and relatives; opinion leadership; most important personal values; assessment of the current situation in the following areas: national economy, global economy, personal job situation, financial situation of the own household; expected development in the next twelve months regarding: national economy, personal job situation, financial situation of the own household, national employment situation, personal life in general; most important problems in the own country; general direction things are going in the own country; image of the EU; characteristics that best represent the European Union; assessment of the relations of the own country with the EU; awareness of financial support for the own country provided by the EU in the context of cooperation programmes; knowledge of specific programmes; areas with the highest benefit from current European Union’s policies for the own country; attitude towards the following statements: EU has appropriate level of involvement in the own country, EU brings peace and stability in region surrounding the own country, EU is an important partner of the own country, sufficient common values of own country and EU as the basis for cooperation, EU support contributes a lot to own country’s development, position taken by the EU during the Arab Spring was supportive of local populations; prioritized areas the EU should play a greater role in in the own country.

1. Cooperation between the EU and the own country: attitude towards selected statements: appropriate amount of information on the EU available in the own country, clear communication from the EU regarding the own country, communication from the EU not considering reality of life in the own country; most effective actors in helping economic development in the own country; most effective actors in helping security and stability in the own country; extent of contribution of the following local actors to economic development in the own country: national government, presidency (not in MA, JO, EG), private companies in the own country, national banks, NGOs, religious organisations; most important areas of cooperation between the EU and the own country; preferred area to focus EU’s development aid for the own country on.

2. Trust in institutions: trust in selected media: printed press, radio, TV, internet; trust in the following institutions: European Union, United Nations, NATO, Arab League (only in DZ, EG, TN, JO, LB, PS, MA); trust in selected national bodies: national government, national parliament, regional public authorities, local public authorities, political parties; satisfaction with democracy in the own country and in the own region; extent of applicability of the following elements to the own country: freedom of speech, free elections, gender equality, protection of the rights of minorities, independence of justice, freedom of press, rights of vote, respect of human rights, rule of law, good governance, lack of corruption; elements that best describe the concept of democracy.

3. Globalisation: awareness of globalisation; attitude towards the development of globalisation; preferred statement with regard to globalisation: good opportunity for national companies thanks to the opening-up of markets, threat to employment and national companies; attitude towards the effect of globalisation on: economic growth in the own country, cultural exchanges between countries, solidarity between countries, employment in the own country; benefit for each of the following actors from globalisation: consumers, financial markets, EU, United States, China, Japan, multi nationals, small and medium sized companies, developing countries, farmers; attitude towards selected statements on globalisation: requires common global rules (´worldwide governance´), leads to price increases in the own country, leads to more foreign investments in the own country.

4. Global crisis: assessment of the impact of the crisis on the national economic situation; impact of the economic crisis on the job market has already reached its peak; most effective actor in fighting the effects of the crisis in the own country: national government, European Union, United States, Arab League (only in DZ, EG, TN, JO, LB, PS, MA), NATO (not in LB), a G8 or G20 country, United Nations or one of its agencies (not in IL), Arab funds, private charitable foundations, GUAM Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (only in MD, GE, UA, AZ), single economic area with other CIS countries (only in AM, AZ, GE, MD, UA, RU, BY), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (only in UA, AM, AZ, GE), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank...

Graph and download economic data for Real Gross Domestic Product for Euro Area (19 Countries) (CLVMNACSCAB1GQEA19) from Q1 1995 to Q1 2025 about Euro Area, Europe, real, and GDP.

The statistic depicts Greece's gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, Greece's real GDP increased by about 2.27 percent compared to the previous year. Greece's national finances Greece is viewed as a high-income economy and experienced high economic and social growth and development between the 1950s and the 1970s, which was the highest rate in the world only behind Japan. However, due to the Great Recession in 2009 as well as the Greek government-debt crisis, Greek experienced severe hits to its already somewhat struggling economy. From the mid to late 2000s, national debt escalated severely but has, since 2012, remained relatively stable, primarily due to several debt restructuring deals as well as stimulus packages from countries within the EU. Different forms of financial aid were offered to Greece from countries within the European Union in order to help maintain the country from going completely dysfunctional to the point that Greece would no longer be able to pay back its debts. Greece’s economy primarily strives in the service sector and benefits exceptionally from its tourist industry. However, due to a failing tourist industry as well as struggles with properly managing imports and exports, struggles within the country are further increasing. More competent leadership, cutting costs as well as new structural reforms are necessary in order to slowly bring Greece back to an economically stable country.

Attitudes towards the European Union. Globalisation. Assessment of the economic and financial crisis, and the EU policy.

Topics: 1. Standard trends and attitudes towards the EU: general life satisfaction; assessment of the national and the European economic situation; assessment of the world economic situation; assessment of the personal job situation and the financial situation of the own household; assessment of the situation on the labour market in the own country and the situation in the environment in the own country; assessment of the national situation compared to the average of the European Union countries regarding the economic situation, the situation on the labour market, cost of living, energy prices, quality of life, and the situation of the environment; future expectations in the above fields; most important problems of the country; EU membership of the own country is a good thing; benefits from the own country’s membership in the EU; development of the own country, the EU, and the USA in the right direction; trust in institutions (media, internet, army, national legal system, political parties, national government, national parliament, European Union, United Nations, regional or local authorities, and NATO); positive or negative image of the EU; EU´s main features; knowledge test on the EU institutions: European Parliament, European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Central Bank; confidence in these institutions; attitude towards a European Monetary Union; attitude towards the enlargement of the EU; assessment of the speed of building Europe; the EU´s most important issues; knowledge test about the EU: number of member states, result of the Irish referendum; membership of Switzerland (Split A) and Iceland (Split B) in the EU; satisfaction with the democracy in the own country and in the EU; understanding of the processes of the EU; assessment regarding the consideration of national interests in the EU; assessment of the EU´s growth speed; citizens of different countries share more common characteristics than differences; lack of ideas for Europe; the EU must meet the global challenges.

1. The EU, the world, and globalisation: most important factors for the global influence of a country or of a group of countries; assignment of these factors to the EU; attitude towards globalisation (scale: opportunity for economic growth, increasing social inequalities, demand for global governance, identical interests of the USA and the EU in dealing with globalisation, protects from price increases, peacekeeping, threat to national culture, is profitable only for large companies but not for the citizens, leads to foreign investment in the own country, promotes the development of poorer countries, leading to more openness to other cultures, the EU has sufficient power to defend their economic interests, EU protects its citizens from the negative effects of globalisation (Split A) or enables European citizens to better benefit from the positive effects of globalisation (Split B); globalisation as an opportunity or as a threat to the national economy; comparison of the performance of the European economy with the American, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, Russian and Brazilian economy; preferred orientation of the national society to meet global challenges.

2. Economic and financial crisis: expected worsening or recovery of the economic crisis; expected development of the individual financial situation of the household in the next months; most important actors to combat the crisis; positive or negative associations with the following terms (image): company, welfare state, competitiveness, free trade, protectionism, globalisation, liberalisation, trade union, reforms, public administration, flexibility, competition, security, and solidarity; attitude towards a free enterprise economy (scale: too strong intervention of the state in the lives of the individuals, economic growth prior to environmental protection (Split A) or environmental protection prior to economic growth (Split B), free competition is a guarantee of prosperity); attitude towards a reduction of the value of material possessions; approval of increased development of new technologies; impression of loss of personal purchasing power; expected change in the living conditions of future generations; suspected improvement of the lives of the young generation in the country by emigrating to another country; most important personal values; values ...

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the goals of the European Union (EU) should be for the next ten years. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the EU, including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Other areas of investigation were education and training, the common European currency, Third World development, food product quality labels, the 1996 InterGovernmental Conference, and the European Parliament. Questions concerning education and training throughout life were asked only of respondents 15-24 years old and covered topics such as reasons for learning throughout life, the likelihood that continuing training throughout life would improve the respondent's work and personal life, participation in a training course in the last year, the main role of schools, and satisfaction with the way schools help develop children's personalities, broaden their abilities, and teach children to live in society and adapt to changes. Also covered were the most important qualities for a person to have and the importance of the parent, school, and working environment in developing those qualities. Parents' level of involvement in education was also explored, with questions on choosing children's schools, following their school work, talking to teachers, and helping children if they have difficulties. Respondents were also queried on the role businesses should play in schools and vocational training, the role of the EU in continuing education, and the influence of technology and new communication techniques on education and instruction. Questions on the common European currency included respondents' preference for or against having one currency in all EU member states, how well-informed respondents were about the common European currency, their knowledge of the conditions member countries must meet to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, and their opinions on when European currency would be introduced. Opinions were also elicited on the effects of the European currency on economic growth, jobs, shopping, currency exchange, cross-border travel, the costs of doing business between Monetary Union member states, the degree of turmoil and volatility in international currency markets, inflation, and the disparity between the rich and the poor. In addition, respondents were queried about Third World development, including what the important development problems were and whether decisions about those problems should be made by member countries of the EU acting together or by each country separately, information sources about Third World countries and the main topics covered by those sources, attitudes toward helping Third World countries, what the principal aim should be in relations with Third World countries, whether industrialized countries were currently helping Third World countries to become less poor, to lead the Third World to economic independence, or to enable them to solve their own problems, who provided the most help to Third World countries (the EU, international organizations, the United Nations, private companies, or non-governmental agencies), what conditions should be met before help is given, and whether the major part of the EU's assistance to the Third World was devoted to emergency humanitarian action or to longer-term development. Questions concerning quality labels for food products included how often the household bought various categories of food products, the three most important things people take into account when buying food products, awareness of and trust in quality labels on food products, awareness of and purchase frequency for food products with a "Designation of Origin" label and what the label means, willingness to pay more for food products of guaranteed origin, consumption frequency for food products made or produced in the traditional way, and confidence level if a food product were guaranteed by the EU as to origin and traditional method of production. Regarding

Renewable Energy Consumption in 26 European Countries

This paper reviews how the European Union’s fiscal rules have developed from the Maastricht Treaty that established the single monetary policy up until today. It shows that the design of these rules did not always follow economic logic but often resulted from political constraints, giving rise to some flaws in the framework from its very beginning. At the same time, the repeated attempts to adjust the fiscal framework to a multitude of circumstances over the past 25 years have made it overly complex and incoherent. Based on a finding that euro area countries’ compliance with the EU fiscal rules has been unsatisfactory, the paper concludes that in its current shape the Stability and Growth Pact is an insufficient disciplining device in good economic times, with the consequence that there are no fiscal buffers, in particular in high-debt countries, such that growth can be supported in economic troughs. Based on this finding, the paper reviews reform options for making the fiscal framework more effective in bringing about sounder public finances and avoiding the pro-cyclicality observed over the past two decades.