Water withdrawals per capita in Turkmenistan amount to 2,740 cubic meters per inhabitant, according to the latest available data from 2021. This is a far higher volume than in many other countries, such as China, where per capita water withdrawals were 398.7 cubic meters as of 2021. Global water withdrawals Countries around the world withdraw huge volumes of water each year from sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. China has some of the largest annual total water withdrawals across the globe, at 581.3 billion cubic meters per year. In comparison, Mexico withdrew almost 90 billion cubic meters of water in 2021. Water scarcity Although roughly 70 percent of Earth's surface is covered with water, less than one percent of the planet's total water resources can be classified as accessible freshwater resources. Growing populations, increased demand, and climate change are increasingly putting pressure on these precious resources. This is expected to lead to global water shortages around the world. In the United States, the megadrought in the west has seen water levels of major reservoirs that provide water to millions of people plummet to record lows. In order to prevent severe droughts in water-stressed areas today and in the future, a more efficient use of water is essential.

The graph shows the countries with the largest share of global water consumption. ** percent of the world's water is consumed in China.

As of 2021, Malta was the country with the lowest residential drinking water consumption per capita among the selected European nations, with ** liters per day. During the same period, Italians consumed ***** times more water per day than the Maltese, making them the top water consumers in the continent.

The map shows total municipal needs by province and territory. Domestic water consumption includes the quantity of water used for household purposes such as washing, food preparation, and bathing. Across Canada, nearly all of the water used by municipal water systems comes from lakes and rivers the remainder (12% of the total) comes from groundwater. Establishing and maintaining water systems is costly. There are three major costs: water supply, infrastructure maintenance, and administration. Water prices across Canada are generally low compared to other countries. Monthly bills range between $15 and $90, the lowest being in Quebec, Newfoundland, and British Columbia, and the highest in the Prairie Provinces and northern Canada. Although water usage rates vary across Canada, the overall per capita use is very high compared to that of other industrialized countries. Only the United States has higher rates of municipal water usage.

Goal 6Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for allTarget 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for allIndicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water servicesSH_H2O_SAFE: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services, by urban/rural (%)Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situationsIndicator 6.2.1: Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and waterSH_SAN_HNDWSH: Proportion of population with basic handwashing facilities on premises, by urban/rural (%)SH_SAN_SAFE: Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, by urban/rural (%)SH_SAN_DEFECT: Proportion of population practicing open defecation, by urban/rural (%)Target 6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globallyIndicator 6.3.1: Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treatedEN_WWT_WWDS: Proportion of safely treated domestic wastewater flows (%)EN_WWT_GEN: Total wastewater generated (million m3/year)EN_WWT_TREAT: Total wastewater treated (million m3/year)EN_WWT_TREATR: Proportion of wastewater treated, by activity and location (%)Indicator 6.3.2: Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water qualityEN_H2O_OPAMBQ: Proportion of open water bodies with good ambient water quality (%)EN_H2O_RVAMBQ: Proportion of river water bodies with good ambient water quality (%)EN_H2O_GRAMBQ: Proportion of groundwater bodies with good ambient water quality (%)EN_H2O_WBAMBQ: Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality (%)Target 6.4: By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcityIndicator 6.4.1: Change in water-use efficiency over timeER_H2O_WUEYST: Water Use Efficiency (United States dollars per cubic meter)Indicator 6.4.2: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resourcesER_H2O_STRESS: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources (%)Target 6.5: By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriateIndicator 6.5.1: Degree of integrated water resources managementER_H2O_IWRMD: Degree of integrated water resources management implementation (%)ER_H2O_IWRMP: Proportion of countries by IWRM implementation category (%)Indicator 6.5.2: Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperationEG_TBA_H2CO: Proportion of transboundary basins (river and lake basins and aquifers) with an operational arrangement for water cooperation (%)EG_TBA_H2COAQ: Proportion of transboundary aquifers with an operational arrangement for water cooperation (%)EG_TBA_H2CORL: Proportion of transboundary river and lake basins with an operational arrangement for water cooperation (%)Target 6.6: By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakesIndicator 6.6.1: Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over timeEN_WBE_PMPR: Water body extent (permanent) (% of total land area)EN_WBE_PMNR: Water body extent (permanent) (square kilometres)EN_WBE_PMPP: Water body extent (permanent and maybe permanent) (% of total land area)EN_WBE_PMPN: Water body extent (permanent and maybe permanent) (square kilometres)EN_WBE_NDETOT: Nationally derived total extent (square kilometres)EN_WBE_NDOPW: Nationally derived extent of open water bodies (square kilometres)EN_WBE_NDQLGRW: Nationally derived quality of groundwater (%)EN_WBE_NDQLOPW: Nationally derived quality of open water bodies(%)EN_WBE_NDQLRVR: Nationally derived quality of river(%)EN_WBE_NDQLTOT: Nationally derived proportion of water bodies with good quality (%)EN_WBE_NDQTGRW: Nationally derived quantity of groundwater (millions of cubic metres per annum)EN_WBE_NDQTOPW: Nationally derived quantity of open water bodies (million of cubic metres per annum)EN_WBE_NDQTRVR: Nationally derived quantity of rivers (million of cubic metres per annum)EN_WBE_NDQTTOT: Nationally derived total quantity (millions of cubic metres per annum)EN_WBE_NDRV: Nationally derived extend of rivers (square kilometres)EN_WBE_NDWTL: Nationally derived extent of wetlands (square kilometres)EN_WBE_HMWTL: Extent of human made wetlands (square kilometres)EN_WBE_INWTL: Extent of inland wetlands (square kilometres)Target 6.a: By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologiesIndicator 6.a.1: Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending planDC_TOF_WASHL: Total official development assistance (gross disbursement) for water supply and sanitation, by recipient countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)Target 6.b: Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation managementIndicator 6.b.1: Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation managementER_WAT_PROCED: Proportion of countries with clearly defined procedures in law or policy for participation by service users/communities in planning program in water resources planning and management (%)ER_H2O_PARTIC: Proportion of countries with high level of users/communities participating in planning programs in rural drinking-water supply (%)ER_H2O_PROCED: Proportion of countries with clearly defined procedures in law or policy for participation by service users/communities in planning program in rural drinking-water supply (%)ER_WAT_PARTIC: Proportion of countries with high level of users/communities participating in planning programs in water resources planning and management (%)ER_H2O_RURP: Countries with users/communities participating in planning programs in rural drinking-water supply, by level of participation (3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 = Low; 0 = NA)ER_H2O_PRDU: Countries with procedures in law or policy for participation by service users/communities in planning program in rural drinking-water supply, by level of definition in procedures (10 = Clearly defined; 5 = Not clearly defined ; 0 = NA)ER_WAT_PART: Countries with users/communities participating in planning programs in water resources planning and management, by level of participation (3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 = Low; 0 = NA)ER_WAT_PRDU: Countries with procedures in law or policy for participation by service users/communities in planning program in water resources planning and management, by level of definition in procedures (10 = Clearly defined; 5 = Not clearly defined ; 0 = NA)

China Water Consumption data was reported at 592,500.000 Cub m mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 590,650.000 Cub m mn for 2023. China Water Consumption data is updated yearly, averaging 592,260.000 Cub m mn from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2024, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 618,344.927 Cub m mn in 2013 and a record low of 532,040.000 Cub m mn in 2003. China Water Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Water Resources. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Land and Resources – Table CN.NLM: Water Resource.

This statistic provides a forecast of the leading countries in the world in consumption of bottled water by 2020, by consumption share. The graph shows the percentage of the volume of bottled water consumed and predicts that for 2020 Spanish citizens will consume around * percent of the total bottled water consumed in the world.

About the Project The project’s objective is to understand how and why the energy required to meet water demand differs between countries. To explore this question, energy used for the extraction, treatment, and transport of water is decomposed. The decomposition offers an empirical base through which to examine how energy is used in the water cycle in countries. Building on this empirical base, the project explores the controllable and less controllable factors that lead to differences in energy use for water provision. Particular consideration is given to the effects of industrial structure, pollution, water scarcity and pricing strategies on energy and water use. In line with KAPSARC’s overall objectives, the project seeks to provide insights into how current policies influence the energy used for water withdrawals, and where improvements might be made. By exploring case studies from around the globe, the project highlights how successful practices in water and energy management from one country might be transferred to others. The workshop series provides a space for dialogue on key issues, feedback on KAPSARC's study program, and options for future research.Key PointsManaging the closely interlinked water-energy-food nexus requires a holistic approach, as inefficient use of any of the three resources can have a negative effect on the other two. In countries with high rainfall, policy makers rarely need to worry about the nexus. But elsewhere, the effects are felt throughout the economy.There is significant variance in the productivity of water for agriculture, and the energy required to extract that water, across countries. The most productive countries are typically those where the agriculture sectors rely on rainfall and surface water. Groundwater well depth, pump efficiency and the prevalence of desalination can affect the energy required to meet water demand for agriculture.Given uncontrollable factors like water scarcity, there may be limits to how much certain countries can improve their productivity of water for agriculture. The results of our study highlight the opportunity cost for some countries of engaging in certain types of domestic food production, and suggest efficiency gains could be achieved through crop switching and/or importing water intensive crops.

In 2015, Kuwait had the largest amount of water consumption in the Arab Region at *** liters per capita. About ** percent of water usage in the Arab Region was attributed to the agricultural sector in the same year.

China Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential data was reported at 188.799 l in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 184.732 l for 2022. China Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential data is updated yearly, averaging 178.638 l from Dec 1978 (Median) to 2023, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 220.240 l in 2000 and a record low of 120.600 l in 1978. China Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Utility Sector – Table CN.RCA: Water Consumption: Daily per Capita: Residential.

Saudi Arabia Annual Freshwater Withdrawals: Total: Billion Cubic Meters data was reported at 23.380 Cub m bn in 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 23.380 Cub m bn for 2019. Saudi Arabia Annual Freshwater Withdrawals: Total: Billion Cubic Meters data is updated yearly, averaging 21.473 Cub m bn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2020, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.380 Cub m bn in 2020 and a record low of 16.120 Cub m bn in 1992. Saudi Arabia Annual Freshwater Withdrawals: Total: Billion Cubic Meters data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Water and Wastewater Management. Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002.;Food and Agriculture Organization, AQUASTAT data.;Sum;

India has the largest agricultural water withdrawals worldwide, at an estimated *** billion cubic meters each year. This was followed by China, which withdraws ***** billion cubic meters for its agriculture sector annually. Agricultural accounts for approximately ** percent of global water withdrawals.

Assessing and managing water use is crucial for supporting sustainable river basin management and regional development. The first consistent and comprehensive assessment of sectorial water use in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is presented by analysing homogenized annual water use data from 2000 to 2010 in relation to socio economic statistics for the same period. An abstraction of water use, using the concept of water use intensity, and based on equations inspired by those used in global water resource models, is developed to explore the driving forces underlying water use changes in domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors. We do this at both the level of the region as a whole, as well as for the nine cities that constitute the PRD separately. We find that, despite strong population and economic growth, the PRD managed to stabilize its absolute water use by significant improvements in industrial water use intensities, and early stabilisation of domestic water use intensities. Results reveal large internal differentiation of sectorial water use among the cities in this region, with industrial water use intensity varying from -80 to +95% and domestic water use intensity by +/- 30% compared to the PRD average. In general, per capita water use is highest in the cities that industrialised first. Yet, all cities except Guangzhou are expected to approach a saturation value of per capita water use much below what is suggested in recent global studies. Therefore, existing global assessments probably have overestimated future domestic water use in developing countries. Although scarce and uncertain input data and model limitations lead to a high level of uncertainty, the presented conceptualization of water use is useful in exploring the underlying driving forces of water use trends.

Water Quality Sensor in Agriculture Market Outlook

The global water quality sensor in agriculture market size is projected to grow from USD 632 million in 2023 to approximately USD 1,221 million by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5%. This significant growth is driven by the increasing adoption of precision agriculture techniques, the need for effective water management, and stringent environmental regulations.

A major growth factor for the water quality sensor in agriculture market is the rising demand for sustainable agricultural practices. With the global population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been more critical. Water quality sensors play a crucial role in ensuring that irrigation water is free from contaminants, thereby promoting healthier crop growth and higher yields. These sensors help in monitoring various parameters such as pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen levels, which are essential for maintaining optimal water conditions.

Technological advancements in sensor technology are also a significant driver for market growth. The development of more accurate, reliable, and cost-effective sensors has made it easier for farmers to monitor water quality in real-time. Innovations such as wireless connectivity and IoT integration have further enhanced the utility of these sensors, allowing for remote monitoring and automated data collection. These advancements not only improve the efficiency of water management systems but also reduce the labor and operational costs associated with manual monitoring.

Government initiatives and regulations aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural practices are another key factor driving market growth. Many countries have introduced policies and subsidies to encourage the adoption of advanced water management systems. For instance, the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy includes measures to promote water conservation and the use of precision farming techniques. Similarly, the U.S. Department of Agriculture offers various programs and grants to support farmers in implementing sustainable practices, including the use of water quality sensors.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe are expected to lead the market due to their advanced agricultural sectors and stringent environmental regulations. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. This is attributed to the increasing adoption of modern farming practices, rising awareness about water conservation, and government initiatives aimed at improving agricultural productivity. Countries like China and India, with their large agricultural sectors, are expected to be major contributors to market growth in this region.

Product Type Analysis

pH sensors are one of the most commonly used water quality sensors in agriculture. These sensors measure the acidity or alkalinity of the water, which is crucial for determining its suitability for irrigation. The pH level of water can significantly impact nutrient availability and uptake by plants. Maintaining the right pH balance is essential for optimal plant growth and productivity. The demand for pH sensors is expected to remain high due to their critical role in monitoring water quality and ensuring the health of crops.

Conductivity sensors are another important type of water quality sensor used in agriculture. These sensors measure the electrical conductivity of water, which is an indicator of the total dissolved solids (TDS) content. High TDS levels can adversely affect plant growth by causing nutrient imbalances and reducing water uptake. Conductivity sensors help farmers monitor and manage the salinity levels of irrigation water, thereby preventing soil salinization and ensuring sustainable crop production. The increasing focus on soil health and salinity management is expected to drive the demand for conductivity sensors in the coming years.

Temperature sensors play a vital role in monitoring the thermal conditions of water used for irrigation and livestock watering systems. Water temperature can influence the metabolic rates of plants and animals, as well as the solubility of gases and nutrients. Maintaining the optimal temperature range is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and animal health. With the growing emphasis on precision farming and livestock management, the adoption of temperature sensors is likely to increase, supporting market growth.

This dataset measures relative water demand. Higher values indicate more competition among users.The dataset has a resolution of 0.05 pixels about 5000 metres ( referenced 2023)

The baseline water stress (BWS) layer, developed as part of WRI's Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, measures the ratio of total water withdrawals relative to the annual available renewable surface water supplies. BWS serves as a good proxy for water-related challenges more broadly, given that areas of higher water stress will likely be subject to higher depletion of surface and groundwater resources and more competition amongst users, as well as the associated impacts on water quality and other ecosystem services. Watersheds with high baseline water stress may warrant greater need to take appropriate action to respond to watershed risks. A long time series of supply (1950–2010) was used to reduce the effect of multi-year climate cycles and ignore complexities of short-term water storage (e.g., dams, floodplains) for which global operational data are nonexistent. Baseline water stress thus measures chronic stress rather than drought stress. Watersheds with less than 0.012 m/m2 /year of withdrawal and 0.03 m/m2 /year of available blue water were masked as “arid and low water use” since watersheds with low values were more prone to error in the estimates of baseline water stress. Additionally, although current use in such catchments is low, any new withdrawals could easily push them into higher stress categories.

No information provided

Debit or credit card was the leading shopping payment method in Denmark in 2021, used by more than half (** percent) of e-commerce users. Mobile payments, such as MobilePay, came in second, with ** percent of respondents. Approximately ** percent of Danish online shoppers used PayPal, while **** percent used online banking. Regarding the preferred payment cards, Dankort and Visa/Dankort ranked *****. Online shopping in Denmark ** percent of people in Denmark shopped online in 2019 and the country came third on the list of Nordic countries after Sweden and Norway. In 2020 Danes were asked how often they shopped online in the past month and nearly one third of them said they did it a few times a month. In contrast, ** percent of respondents admitted to be shopping online at least once a week. Why online shopping? A survey conducted in 2019 found that the categories which Danish people were most keen on purchasing online were clothing and footwear. Next on the list were home electronics. When people were asked why they shopped online that year, approximately one out of five of them answered that the product was cheaper online than in the store. The second most common reason was the product available only online.

Background: Billions of the world’s poorest households are faced with the lack of access to both safe drinking water and clean cooking. One solution to microbiologically contaminated water is boiling, often promoted without acknowledging the additional risks incurred from indoor air degradation from using solid fuels.

Objectives: This modeling study explores the tradeoff of increased air pollution from boiling drinking water under multiple contamination and fuel use scenarios typical of low-income settings.

Methods: We calculated the total change in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from household air pollution (HAP) and diarrhea from fecal contamination of drinking water for scenarios of different source water quality, boiling effectiveness, and stove type. We used Uganda and Vietnam, two countries with a high prevalence of water boiling and solid fuel use, as case studies.

Results: Boiling drinking water reduced the diarrhea disease b..., The goal of this study was to develop a framework to compare health risks. We focus on two countries, Uganda and Vietnam to show how the framework is used. We synthesized established modeling tools to build an analytical framework to compare health impacts from IAP and fecally-contaminated drinking water at the household level, using DALYs as the primary metric to compare multiple risks. Input variables were selected from the best available data in the literature. We used DALYs to quantify health burdens because they account for morbidity with differential disease severity and mortality. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) models are commonly used to determine the risk associated with consuming water from a particular water source (Havelaar & Melse, 2003). For IAP, the population attributable fraction based on a dose-response curve for individual diseases is used to calculate the burden of disease (Asikainen et al., 2016; Pillarisetti et al., ..., The code is written in R (R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistcial computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.The data files can be opened in excel., # Data from: Health trade-offs of boiling drinking water with solid fuels: A modeling study

Air and WASH health risk comparison code and output files Access this dataset on Dryad (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9zw3r22jz)

Introduction

We developed a code to calculate the health impacts of boiling drinking water with solid fuels This code in R is written to compare the health risks from drinking water and indoor air pollution when boiling drinking water with various types of fuels. It can be run for various countries. Right now, data to run for two focus countries, Uganda and Vietnam, is provided. Data for additional countries can be added.

Authors

Emily Floess, Ayse Ercumen, Angela Harris, Andy Grieshop, NC State University

Data Generation

Data was generated from June 2020 to October 2024 using R.

Description of the data and file structure

This dataset includes the csv output files and a folder with the R code.

Description of Output CSV Files: Air_WASH_Data_Output...,

Water Market size was valued at USD 880.24 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1245.1 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 4.43% from 2024 to 2031.Global Water Market DynamicsThe key market dynamics that are shaping the global Water Market include:Key Market Drivers:Increasing Water Scarcity and Stress: Growing water scarcity and stress worldwide are driving the Water Market as countries seek solutions to manage their water resources more efficiently. According to the United Nations World Water Development Report 2023, over 2 billion people live in countries experiencing high water stress. The report also states that global water use has increased by roughly 1% per year since the 1980s, driven by a combination of population growth, socio-economic development, and changing consumption patterns.

Residential Water Softening Systems Market Outlook

The global residential water softening systems market size is projected to grow from USD 2.5 billion in 2023 to USD 4.1 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5%. This upsurge is primarily driven by increasing consumer awareness about the adverse effects of hard water on household systems and personal health, alongside rising urbanization and the subsequent demand for efficient water management solutions.

One of the significant growth factors for the residential water softening systems market is the rising awareness about the detrimental impacts of hard water. Hard water, characterized by high mineral content, can lead to several household problems, including clogged pipes, reduced appliance efficiency, and increased energy consumption. These issues not only elevate maintenance costs but also reduce the lifespan of household appliances. As a result, there is a growing inclination towards water softening systems that can effectively mitigate these issues, thus driving market growth.

Urbanization is another critical driver of the residential water softening systems market. With more people moving into urban areas, the demand for reliable and efficient water management systems has increased significantly. Urban households often face issues with water quality, including hardness, which necessitates the use of water softening systems. Additionally, urban consumers tend to be more aware of the benefits of water softening and are willing to invest in these systems to ensure better water quality for daily use.

Technological advancements in water softening systems have also played a crucial role in market growth. Modern water softening systems are more efficient, user-friendly, and environmentally friendly compared to their older counterparts. Innovations such as salt-free and dual-tank water softeners provide consumers with more options to address their specific needs, thus broadening the market's appeal. Additionally, the growing trend towards smart home solutions has led to the development of smart water softening systems that can be integrated with home automation systems, further boosting market demand.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the residential water softening systems market, driven by high consumer awareness, advanced infrastructure, and stringent regulations regarding water quality. Europe follows closely, with growing environmental concerns and increasing adoption of water softening systems in countries like Germany and the UK. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and increasing consumer awareness in countries like China and India.

Product Type Analysis

Salt-based water softeners are widely used in residential applications due to their high effectiveness in removing hardness-causing minerals like calcium and magnesium. These systems work through a process known as ion exchange, where hard water ions are replaced with sodium ions, resulting in softened water. Despite concerns over sodium content in softened water, salt-based water softeners remain popular due to their proven efficiency and reliability. Additionally, ongoing innovations, such as reduced salt consumption and improved regeneration processes, continue to enhance their appeal among consumers.

Salt-free water softeners, also known as water conditioners, present an alternative solution that attracts environmentally conscious consumers. Unlike salt-based systems, salt-free water softeners do not remove hardness minerals but instead alter their chemical structure to prevent scaling. This means they do not require salt, electricity, or wastewater, making them a more sustainable option. However, they may not be as effective in dealing with extremely hard water, which can limit their adoption in regions with high hardness levels.

Dual-tank water softeners are designed to provide continuous soft water supply, even during the regeneration cycle. This feature makes them particularly appealing for larger households or areas with high water usage. These systems typically involve two resin tanks, where one tank regenerates while the other remains in service, ensuring an uninterrupted flow of softened water. The convenience and efficiency offered by dual-tank systems make them a preferred choice for many consumers, despite the higher initial cost compared to single-tank alternatives.

Magnetic w

Beurteilung der Wasserqualität im eigenen Land. Themen: Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über Gewässerprobleme; Einschätzung der Wasserqualität und der Wassermenge im Lande (Knappheit oder Überfluss); Veränderung der Wasserqualität in Flüssen, Seen und Küstengewässern in den letzten fünf Jahren; Einfluss auf die Wasserqualität durch: Wasserverbrauch und Abwasser im Haushalt, Benutzung sowie Verunreinigung von Wasser in der Landwirtschaft und der Industrie (durch Einsatz von Düngemitteln und Pestiziden), Energieerzeugung, Tourismus, Schifffahrt; wichtigste Bedrohungen für Gewässer; wichtigste Auswirkung des Klimawandels auf die Gewässer; eigener Beitrag zur Entschärfung von Wasserproblemen: Verringerung des Wasserverbrauchs, Verwendung umweltfreundlicher Chemikalien im Haushalt, Vermeidung von Pestiziden und Düngemitteln im Garten; Kenntnis der Anhörung zum Flussgebietsbewirtschaftungsplan. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Länder mit Küsten vs. Länder ohne Küsten; Länder am Meer; Länder am Mittelmeer vs. Länder am Schwarzen Meer; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Anzahl der Kontaktversuche; Region; Gewichtungsfaktor. Attitudes towards water-related issues. Topics: self-rated knowledge about problems facing lakes, rivers, and coastal waters (only in member states with coasts) in the own country; assessment of each of the following issues as a serious problem in the own country: water quality, water quantity; assessment of the quality of lakes, rivers, and coastal waters (only in member states with coasts) in the own country over the last five years; impact of each of the following on the status of water in the own country: household water consumption and waste water, agricultural water use as well as the use of pesticides and fertilizers, industrial water use and pollution, energy production, tourism, shipping; main threats to water environment in the own country; most important impact of climate change on water in the own country; personal measures taken to reduce water problems; awareness of the ´River Basin Management Plans´; participation in consultations by national authorities on the ´River Basin Management Plans´. Demography: age; sex; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; costal vs. landlocked countries; sea countries; Mediterranean vs. Black sea countries; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; call history; region; weighting factor.