This statistic depicts the percentage of the adult population that had been diagnosed with an autoimmune condition as of 2019, in selected countries. As of this time, some ***** percent of the adult population in Russia had been diagnosed with an autoimmune condition. An autoimmune disorder causes an individual's immune system to mistakenly attack and destroy healthy body tissue. Common autoimmune disorders include type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowl disease and Graves disease.

In 2019, the countries with the lowest prevalence of anemia among children aged under five years were the United States, Guatemala, and Iceland. At that time, around six percent of children in the U.S. were estimated to be suffering from anemia. Risk factors for anemia among children include being born premature or with a low birth weight, living impoverished, a diet low in iron and other vitamins and minerals, and certain diseases and illnesses such as kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, and some cancers. This statistic shows the countries with the lowest prevalence of anemia among children worldwide in 2019.

Background: TNFα inhibitors are regularly used to treat autoimmune diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) and viral hepatitis B are considered potential infectious complications, and screening and surveillance are therefore recommended. Current guidelines do not take into account regional differences in endemicity of these infections.Methods: A systematic literature review of TB and viral hepatitis in patients receiving TNFα-inhibitors was performed, searching in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Studies were selected against predefined eligibility criteria and assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The number of TB and viral hepatitis cases/1,000 TNFα-inhibitor patients were evaluated, and regional variation compared.Results: 105 observational studies involving over 140,000 patients were included. Overall, 1% of patients developed TB or viral hepatitis B. TB cases/1,000 TNFα-inhibitor patients were 4-fold higher in Asia, Africa, and South America than in Europe, North America, and Australasia where only 0%–0.4% of patients developed TB. Hepatitis B cases/1,000 patients were over 15-fold higher in countries with high prevalence (China, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand) compared with low prevalence (p < 0.00001) where only 0.4% of patients developed hepatitis B. Only three of 143 patients developed viral hepatitis C, and there was insufficient data to allow regional sub-analysis.Conclusion: TB and viral hepatitis B infections in patients treated with TNFα inhibitors are largely confined to countries with high prevalence of these infections. As only 1/2,500 patients in low prevalence countries treated with TNFα inhibitors develop TB or viral hepatitis B, we suggest an individualized, risk-based approach, rather than universal screening for all patients.

Chloroquine Products Market Outlook

The global chloroquine products market size was valued at $1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $1.5 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 2.5% during the forecast period. The primary growth factor for this market is the ongoing need for effective treatments against malaria and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. As these ailments continue to afflict millions of people worldwide, the demand for chloroquine products is expected to remain strong, driven by both healthcare needs and advancements in pharmaceutical formulations.

One key driver for the chloroquine products market is the drug's long-standing efficacy in treating malaria, a disease that affects millions globally. Despite newer treatments emerging, chloroquine remains a cost-effective and reliable option, particularly in low and middle-income countries where healthcare budgets are constrained. Additionally, chloroquineÂ’s role in treating autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, has expanded its market presence beyond infectious diseases, further driving its demand. The dual utility of chloroquine products in managing both infectious and autoimmune conditions represents a significant growth factor.

Another growth factor is the increased investment in research and development aimed at improving the efficacy and reducing the side effects of chloroquine products. Pharmaceutical companies are exploring various formulations, such as combination therapies and slow-release tablets, to enhance patient compliance and treatment outcomes. The market is also seeing an uptick in novel drug delivery systems, such as injectables and topical preparations, which offer improved bioavailability and convenience. These innovations are expected to broaden the applications of chloroquine products and boost market growth.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic also underscores the importance of chloroquine products, albeit controversially. Early in the pandemic, chloroquine and its derivative, hydroxychloroquine, were explored as potential treatments for COVID-19, leading to a temporary spike in demand. Although subsequent studies provided mixed results, this period highlighted the global interest and capacity for rapid scaling of chloroquine production. The pharmaceutical industryÂ’s preparedness and agility in response to emergent health threats could serve as a growth catalyst for chloroquine products in future contingencies.

Hydroxychloroquine, a derivative of chloroquine, gained significant attention during the COVID-19 pandemic for its potential antiviral properties. While its efficacy against COVID-19 remains a topic of debate, hydroxychloroquine has long been established as a critical medication in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Its ability to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation makes it a valuable therapeutic option for managing chronic conditions. The ongoing research into hydroxychloroquine's broader applications continues to drive interest and investment in this versatile drug, highlighting its importance in both infectious and autoimmune disease management.

Regionally, Asia Pacific holds a significant share of the chloroquine products market due to the high prevalence of malaria in countries like India and Southeast Asia. Robust healthcare infrastructure and governmental efforts to combat malaria have driven the demand for chloroquine products in this region. North America and Europe also represent substantial markets due to the high incidence of autoimmune diseases and the availability of advanced healthcare facilities. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are witnessing growing demand for chloroquine products, driven by both malaria prevalence and expanding healthcare access.

Product Type Analysis

The chloroquine products market is segmented by product type into tablets, injections, capsules, and others. Tablets represent the largest segment due to their ease of administration and widespread availability. Tablets are commonly prescribed for both malaria treatment and autoimmune diseases, making them a versatile and essential component of chloroquine product offerings. The tablet segment is expected to continue its dominance throughout the forecast period, driven by

The anatomic pathology device market was valued at USD 35.15 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 60.31 Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 7.3% for the forecast period 2023-2030. Market Dynamics of the Anatomic Pathology Market

Rise in the adoption of advanced pathology equipment

Advanced pathology equipment which are staining systems, digital microscopes, and gross imaging are improving pathological practices. Digital imaging solution is one of the very advanced techniques which helps in improving the accuracy and specificity due to which service uptake in the anatomical pathology market is growing. Tissue microarrays include testing of antibodies and probes and the organization of large tissue repositories, and they have also been used to improve standardization of staining methods and interpretation and also for cancer research these are major factors for the growth of the market.

Increase in cases of cancer patients 

The rise in the incidence of cancer can be attributed to the growing geriatric as well as the total population. Geriatric patients are more sensitive to various diseases. This demographic trend is expected to result in significant growth in several chronic diseases, including cancer globally. Cases of cancer are highest in underdeveloped regions due to a shortage of treatment facilities, and late detection of cancer in several patients. In many cancers, the incidence rate in countries with high or very high HDI1 is generally 2-3 times that of low or medium-HDI countries. A high number of deaths due to cancer were reported in low-income and middle-income countries.

Availability of refurbished products:

Anatomic pathology instruments such as tissue processors, staining systems, and microtomes. A number of end users mainly small and medium-sized laboratories Particularly in price-conscious markets in underdeveloped nations, laboratories seek cost-effectiveness and use reconditioned systems. Because these systems deliver the same services as new equipment at a reduced price, the market for reconditioned anatomic pathology instruments is predicted to increase. The income of businesses selling branded anatomic pathology devices in the market is anticipated to suffer as a result.

Current Trends in Anatomic Pathology Market:

Rising number of clinical trials related to cancer drugs:

Anatomic pathology tools and products are used in cancer drug trials to identify the pharmacodynamics of the drug, identify morphological structure, and identify the mechanism of action of the drug. They are also used to distinguish trial participants based on the responses their tissues gave to the drug. Tissue diagnosis lowers the cost and shortens the duration of these operations, enabling efficient trials and analytical research.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the anatomic pathology market Market:

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a complicated effect on the anatomic pathology business. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for anatomic pathology tests, which has boosted market growth. These tests are used to determine whether the virus is present in the human body. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted the supply chain ecosystem and reduced the anatomic pathology market's expansion rate due to shortages of necessary materials and supplies for anatomic pathology labs. Greater attention is being paid to hygiene and faster test results in COVID-19, leading to a surge in demand for anatomic pathology devices.

Anatomical pathology studies the effect of disease on the structure of body organs. This study is both types whole and microscopic. The major role of anatomical pathology is to detect the abnormalities which help to diagnose disease and manage treatment and also detect various types of cancers, tumors, kidney and liver disease, infections, and autoimmune disorders. Also, tissues removed during surgery are analyzed by pathologists. The rising incidence of numerous diseases coupled with an increase in the usage of advanced pathology systems such as gross imagines, digital microscopes, and staining systems are the major factors that are boosting the growth of the anatomical pathology market.

BackgroundPharmacovigilance reports have suggested that certain commonly used medications may trigger autoimmune diseases (ADs) and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate whether psychiatric medication use is associated with ADs and IMIDs.MethodsThe protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022296524) before the start of the study. We searched Medline Ovid and Scopus up to November 28th, 2021, for comparative studies, with any psychiatric medication as exposure and ADs and IMIDs as outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects modeling. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed in reporting. Study-level risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the overall certainty of evidence using GRADE.ResultsThere were 7,265 citations from which 31 studies were eligible, all from high-income countries, covering 15 distinct immune diseases. The evidence for the association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use and higher risk of microscopic colitis (meta-OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.05–6.39, I2 97.5%, 6 studies) was of low certainty. A subgroup analysis by the histological type of microscopic colitis showed a statistically significant association only with lymphocytic colitis (meta-OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.60–3.18, I2 00.00%, three studies). In two case-control studies, SSRI use had no significant association with psoriasis (meta-OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.58–1.10, I2 82.4%). The risk of acute pancreatitis was slightly increased with exposure to SSRIs (meta-OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.26, I2 00.0%), as was the risk of bullous pemphigoid after exposure to antipsychotics (meta-OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.17–2.73, I2 0%).ConclusionsWe reviewed the literature on whether psychiatric medications associate with the risk of ADs and IMIDs and concluded that, despite several signals, the credibility of evidence remains low at best. Prospective cohort studies would be needed as the next step to confirm the suggestions of increased risk.

The global pharmaceutical market has experienced significant growth in recent years. For 2023, the total global pharmaceutical market was estimated at around 1.6 trillion U.S. dollars. This is an increase of over 100 billion dollars compared to 2022.

Global pharmaceutical markets

Globally, the United States is by far the leading market for pharmaceuticals, followed by other developed countries and emerging markets. Emerging markets can include middle and low-income countries such as Brazil, India, Russia, Colombia and Egypt, to name a few. Despite increasing revenues globally, the Latin American region accounts for the lowest share of the global pharmaceutical market’s revenues.

Top pharmaceuticals globally

The top pharmaceutical products sold globally include Humira, Eliquis and Revlimid. Oncology is the op therapeutic area for drug sales globally and it is expected to show the largest growth over the next years. It is followed by drug spending for autoimmune diseases and diabetes. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, covid vaccine Comirnaty was the world's top revenue generating pharmaceutical product.

The global pharmaceutical market has experienced significant growth in recent years. For 2024, the total global pharmaceutical market was estimated at around *** trillion U.S. dollars. This is an increase of roughly *** billion dollars compared to 2023. Global pharmaceutical markets Globally, the United States is by far the leading market for pharmaceuticals, followed by other developed countries and emerging markets. Emerging markets can include middle and low-income countries such as Brazil, India, Russia, Colombia and Egypt, to name a few. Despite increasing revenues globally, the Latin American region accounts for the lowest share of the global pharmaceutical market’s revenues. Top pharmaceuticals globally The top pharmaceutical products sold globally include Humira, Eliquis and Revlimid. Oncology is the op therapeutic area for drug sales globally, and it is expected to show the largest growth over the next years. It is followed by drug spending for autoimmune diseases and diabetes. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Comirnaty was the world's top revenue generating pharmaceutical product.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurologic autoimmune disorder. We have used a newly introduced measure, Quality of Care Index (QCI), which is associated with the efficacy of care given to patients suffering from MS. Objective: To report and compare the quality of care given to MS patients in different regions and country. Method: Primary measures were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) from 1990 to 2019. Secondary measures (mortality to incidence ratio, DALY to prevalence ratio, prevalence to incidence ratio, and YLL to YLD ratio) were combined using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), to form an essential component (QCI) (0-100 index with higher values representing better condition). Findings: In 2019, there were 59,345 (95% UI 51,818 to 66,943) new MS incident case globally. Global QCI of 88.4 was calculated for 2019. At national level, Qatar had the highest quality of care (100) followed by Kuwait (98.5) and Greenland (98.1). The lowest QCI was observed in Kiribati (13.5), Nauru (31.5), and Seychelles (36.3), respectively. Most countries have reached gender equity during the 30 years. Also, QCI was lowest in ages from 55 to 80 in global scale. Conclusion: MS QCI is better among those countries of higher socioeconomic status, possibly due to better healthcare access and early detection in these regions. Countries could benefit from adopting the introduced QCI to evaluate the quality of care given to MS patients in national and global level.

Pharmaceutical spending per capita in Canada stood at 1,035 U.S. dollars in 2023 (current prices). In comparison, the United States reported per capita spending of 1,564 U.S. dollars (in 2022). As for medical goods and services in general, the U.S. is among the countries with highest health costs worldwide. The higher costs in the United States are particularly obvious when compared to other high-income, developed countries. Higher drug prices in the U.S.Higher spending on pharmaceuticals is less impacted by higher drug usage by Americans and more by significantly higher drug prices in the United States. While in other countries, drug prices are regulated more or less by governments, the U.S. leaves drug pricing to market competition. As an outcome, the U.S. market is the most profitable for pharmaceutical companies. For example, the price for blockbuster drug Humira was six times higher in the United States than in Germany (2022). Rx drug usage in the U.S.Almost half of all Americans have taken at least one prescription medicine within the preceding month. Generally, women take more prescribed drugs than men, although the difference decreased significantly over the past two decades. In the United States, among the therapeutic areas where spending is the highest are antidiabetics, oncologics, autoimmune, and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, antihypertensives and mental health drugs are the leading classes based on number of prescriptions filled.

BackgroundThe loss of ancestral microbes, or the “disappearing microbiota hypothesis” has been proposed to play a critical role in the rise of inflammatory and immune diseases in developed nations. The effect of this loss is most consequential during early-life, as initial colonizers of the newborn gut contribute significantly to the development of the immune system.MethodsIn this longitudinal study (day 3, week 3, and month 3 post-birth) of infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore, we studied how generational immigration status and common perinatal factors affect bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) colonization. Cohort registry identifier: NCT01174875.ResultsOur findings show that first-generation migratory status, perinatal antibiotics usage, and cesarean section birth, significantly influenced the abundance and acquisition of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Most importantly, 95.6% of the infants surveyed in this study had undetectable B. infantis, an early and beneficial colonizer of infant gut due to its ability to metabolize the wide variety of human milk oligosaccharides present in breastmilk and its ability to shape the development of a healthy immune system. A comparative analysis of B. infantis in 12 countries by their GDP per capita showed a remarkably low prevalence of this microbe in advanced economies, especially Singapore.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into infant gut microbiota colonization, showing the impact of generational immigration on early-life gut microbiota acquisition. It also warrants the need to closely monitor the declining prevalence of beneficial microbes such as B. infantis in developed nations and its potential link to increasing autoimmune and allergic diseases.