The average for 2023 based on 193 countries was -0.07 points. The highest value was in Liechtenstein: 1.61 points and the lowest value was in Syria: -2.75 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The British Crown Dependency of Jersey was ranked as the most politically stable country worldwide in 2023, ahead of the Cayman Islands and Liechtenstein. The Caribbean Islands are known for their favorable conditions for large international companies and wealthy individuals, with no income and fortune tax. Lowest stability in Syria On the other end of the scale, Syria had the lowest political stability. The Middle Eastern-country suffered from a civil war between 2012 and 2024, with the Syrian government battling a range of military groups, including the terrorist organization Islamic State. Fragile State Index Another way of measuring political stability is the Fragile States Index, compiled annually by the Fund for Peace. In 2024, Somalia was ranked as the most fragile state ahead of Sudan. The index measures state fragility on a range of economic, social, and political indicators.

The average for 2023 based on 20 countries was -0.17 points. The highest value was in Costa Rica: 0.98 points and the lowest value was in Haiti: -1.43 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2024, Norway was considered the world's least fragile state with an index score of **** on a scale from zero to ***, where a higher score suggests the state is more fragile. Finland was ranked as the second most stable country globally, followed by Iceland. Meanwhile, Somalia was ranked as the most fragile state. The Fragile States Index assigns each country a score based on a range of social, economic, and political indicators.

The average for 2023 based on 24 countries was 0.47 points. The highest value was in Aruba: 1.43 points and the lowest value was in Haiti: -1.43 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2024, Mexico ranked as the country with the second-best economic performance amongst the seven Latin American nations included in the ranking, with a index score of ***** in a scale from * to 100, only behind Puerto Rico. Venezuela obtained the worst score in this macro-economic evaluation of the domestic economy, at ***** index points.

About the Project The project explores alternative methods of measuring economic diversification and investigating its associated impacts on the Saudi Arabian economy and other GCC countries. By utilizing a financial portfolio framework reconciled with economic growth theory, the economy is viewed as a portfolio of economic sectors, each contributing to the overall output growth. Results demonstrated that diversification policies have been effective, as the economy moves towards higher growth with lower instability. Key Points Evidence confirms that there is a positive correlation between the economic growth rate and its volatility/risk in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. In other words, there is a trade-off between the benefits of oil and gas activity and the volatility resulting from unpredictable commodity price swings in such resource dependent economies. Our analysis uses a financial portfolio framework approach (and more specifically an efficient frontier analysis), treating economic sectors as individual investments. We calculate a relative risk measure termed the ‘beta coefficient’ and assemble a portfolio of sectors with varying weights to find the efficient frontier. If the beta of the portfolio representing the economy is above global average, the economy will generally grow faster than the global average but with greater volatility – the upturns will be higher and the downturns deeper. We aim to shed light on diversification policy from this novel, if not yet widely accepted, perspective. The GCC economies exhibit ‘high beta,’ particularly Qatar. Saudi Arabia sits in the middle of the group, but above the global average, while Oman has the lowest coefficient of the group. Saudi Arabia’s National Transformation Plan to 2020 and economic Vision 2030 envisage an economy that is still invested in oil and gas activity at 45 percent of total output. While diversification policies in these plans promote economic growth, it still leaves the economy exposed to the volatility of energy markets. In comparison, the optimal mix of economic sectors could increase the growth rate by more than 1 percent annually and nearly halve the expected volatility (to less than 60 percent of growth rate). Saudi Arabia’s historical economic policies were effective in achieving some diversification. However, their benefits could be increased by policies that balance productive efficiency with diversification of economic activity. The difference between policy-optimized portfolio and non-constrained optimization can be used to estimate the size of the fiscal stabilization fund needed to protect the economy from stop/go risks to diversification objectives.

With a Gross Domestic Product of over 4.3 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2024. The similarly sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the second and third largest economies in Europe during this year, followed by Italy and Spain. The smallest economy in this statistic is that of the small Balkan nation of Montenegro, which had a GDP of 7.4 billion Euros. In this year, the combined GDP of the 27 member states that compose the European Union amounted to approximately 17.95 trillion Euros. The big five Germany’s economy has consistently had the largest economy in Europe since 1980, even before the reunification of West and East Germany. The United Kingdom, by contrast, has had mixed fortunes during the same period and had a smaller economy than Italy in the late 1980s. The UK also suffered more than the other major economies during the recession of the late 2000s, meaning the French economy was the second largest on the continent for some time afterward. The Spanish economy was continually the fifth-largest in Europe in this 38-year period, and from 2004 onwards, has been worth more than one trillion Euros. The smallest GDP, the highest economic growth in Europe Despite having the smallerst GDP of Europe, Montenegro emerged as the fastest growing economy in the continent, achieving an impressive annual growth rate of 4.5 percent, surpassing Turkey's growth rate of 4 percent. Overall,this Balkan nation has shown a remarkable economic recovery since the 2010 financial crisis, with its GDP projected to grow by 28.71 percent between 2024 and 2029. Contributing to this positive trend are successful tourism seasons in recent years, along with increased private consumption and rising imports. Europe's economic stagnation Malta, Albania, Iceland, and Croatia were among the countries reporting some of the highest growth rates this year. However, Europe's overall performance reflected a general slowdown in growth compared to the trend seen in 2021, during the post-pandemic recovery. Estonia experienced the sharpest negative growth in 2023, with its economy shrinking by 2.3% compared to 2022, primarily due to the negative impact of sanctions placed on its large neighbor, Russia. Other nations, including Sweden, Germany, and Finland, also recorded slight negative growth.

The indicator is part of the EU Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator set. It is used to monitor progress towards SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth; which is embedded in the European Commission’s Priorities under the European Green Deal, Economy that works for people. SDG 8 recognises the importance of sustained economic growth and high levels of economic productivity for the creation of well-paid quality jobs and the achievement of global prosperity. That said, it envisions inclusive and sustainable economic growth, which leaves no one behind and does not harm the environment.

Indicator can be considered as identical to global SDG indicator 8.1.1 "Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita". Furthermore, it is part of the impact indicators for Strategic plan 2020-2024 referring to the 6 Commission priorities.

The EU supports growth, job creation and competitiveness through funding instrumentssuch as the European Fund for Strategic Investments, the European Social Fund and its successor, the European Social Fund Plus, the European Structural and Investment Funds, Horizon 2020, the Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI), the Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (COSME), the Emergency Support Instrument, the Connecting Europe Facility and the Creative Europe Programme (CAP).

The indicator is calculated as the ratio of real GDP to the average population of a specific year. GDP measures the value of total final output of goods and services produced by an economy within a certain period of time. It includes goods and services that have markets (or which could have markets) and products which are produced by general government and non-profit institutions.

It is a measure of economic activity and is commonly used as a proxy for the development in a country’s material living standards. However, it is not a complete measure of economic welfare. For example, GDP does not include most unpaid household work. Neither does GDP take account of negative effects of economic activity, like environmental degradation.

Real GDP per capita is calculated as the ratio of real GDP to the average population of a specific year and is based on rounded figures.

All EU MS

Comparability across all EU Member States respectively other presented countries is ensured by the application of the legal framework represented by ESA 2010 and SNA 2008. Comparability of GDP for EU countries is regularly monitored in the context of the work of the Gross National Income (GNI) Committee. In addition, international harmonisation of techniques and, to some extent, compilation tools is ensured by the work of the national accounts working groups (Eurostat, OECD, UN).

Comparability across countries of the population figures is ensured by application of the same concept (ESA 2010) across countries.

Country Risk Assessment helps businesses to confidently evaluate global markets by incorporating country evaluation into strategic planning. Analysing trends over time to forecast and proactively plan for potential market shifts.

Country Risk Assessment is an estimate of the average credit risk of a country’s businesses. It is drawn up based on macroeconomic, financial and political data. It offers: - An indication of a country’s potential influence on businesses’ financial commitments. - Insight into the economic and political environment that could impact credit risk.

Dataset Structure and Content: Assessment Coverage: 20 sample companies with country risk evaluations Geographic Diversity: Multiple countries represented via ISO-3166 alpha2 country codes.

Risk Classification System: The dataset employs a standardized A-E rating scale to categorize country risk levels: A1: Very good macroeconomic outlook with stable political context and quality business climate (lowest default probability) A2: Good macroeconomic outlook with generally stable political environment A3: Satisfactory outlook with some potential shortcomings A4: Reasonable default probability with potential economic weaknesses B: Uncertain economic outlook with potential political tensions C: Very uncertain outlook with potential political instability D: Highly uncertain outlook with very unstable political context E: Extremely uncertain outlook with extremely difficult business conditions (highest default probability)

Application Context: This sample demonstrates how country risk assessments can be systematically documented and tracked over time. Each assessment includes comprehensive evaluations of the macroeconomic environment, political stability, and business climate factors that directly influence payment behavior and default probabilities. The dataset structure allows for both current and historical tracking, enabling trend analysis and comparative risk evaluation across different national markets. It serves as a representative example of how comprehensive country risk data can be organized and utilized for strategic business decision-making. Note: This is sample data intended to demonstrate the structure and capabilities of a country risk assessment system.

Learn More For a complete demonstration of our Country Risk Assessment capabilities or to discuss how our system can be integrated with your existing processes, please visit https://business-information.coface.com/economic-insights to request additional information.

The average for 2023 based on 11 countries was -0.02 points. The highest value was in Singapore: 1.42 points and the lowest value was in Burma (Myanmar): -2.13 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This study examines the determinants influencing the likelihood of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries seeking assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF, as a global institution, aims to promote sustainable growth and prosperity among its member countries by supporting economic strategies that foster financial stability and collaboration in monetary affairs. Utilising panel-probit regression, this study analyses data from thirty-nine SSA countries spanning from 2000 to 2022, focusing on twelve factors: Current Account Balance (CAB), inflation, corruption, General Government Net Lending and Borrowing (GGNLB), General Government Gross Debt (GGGD), Gross Domestic Product Growth (GDPG), United Nations Security Council (UNSC) involvement, regime types (Closed Autocracy, Electoral Democracy, Electoral Autocracy, Liberal Democracy) and China Loan. The results indicate that corruption and GDP growth rate have the most significant influence on the likelihood of SSA countries seeking IMF assistance. Conversely, factors such as CAB, UNSC involvement, LD and inflation show inconsequential effects. Notable, countries like Sudan, Burundi, and Guinea consistently rank high in seeking IMF assistance over various time frames within the observed period. Sudan emerges with a probability of more than 44% in seeking IMF assistance, holding the highest ranking. Study emphasises the importance of understanding SSA region rankings and the variability of variables for policymakers, investors, and international organisations to effectively address economic challenges and provide financial assistance.

The average for 2023 based on 27 countries was 0.63 points. The highest value was in Luxembourg: 1.05 points and the lowest value was in Greece: 0.24 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2020, ***** and *********** had the highest ranking according to the sustainable trade index (STI). The countries showcased a great balance between economic, social, and environmental priorities during their trading activities, and have vowed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the BRICS countries have been considered the five foremost developing economies in the world. Originally, the term BRIC was used by economists when talking about the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, however these countries have held annual summits since 2009, and the group has expanded to include South Africa since 2010. China has the largest GDP of the BRICS country, at 16.86 trillion U.S. dollars in 2021, while the others are all below three trillion. Combined, the BRICS bloc has a GDP over 25.85 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022, which is slightly more than the United States. BRICS economic development China has consistently been the largest economy of this bloc, and its rapid growth has seen it become the second largest economy in the world, behind the U.S.. China's growth has also been much faster than the other BRICS countries; for example, when compared with the second largest BRICS economy, its GDP was less than double the size of Brazil's in 2000, but is almost six times larger than India's in 2021. Since 2000, the country with the second largest GDP has fluctuated between Brazil, Russia, and India, due to a variety of factors, although India has held this position since 2015 (when the other two experienced recession), and it's growth rate is on track to surpass China's in the coming decade. South Africa has consistently had the smallest economy of the BRICS bloc, and it has just the third largest economy in Africa; its inclusion in this group is due to the fact that it is the most advanced and stable major economy in Africa, and it holds strategic importance due to the financial potential of the continent in the coming decades. Future developments It is predicted that China's GDP will overtake that of the U.S. by the end of the 2020s, to become the largest economy in the world, while some also estimate that India will also overtake the U.S. around the middle of the century. Additionally, the BRICS group is more than just an economic or trading bloc, and its New Development Bank was established in 2014 to invest in sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy across the globe. While relations between its members were often strained or of less significance in the 20th century, their current initiatives have given them a much greater international influence. The traditional great powers represented in the Group of Seven (G7) have seen their international power wane in recent decades, while BRICS countries have seen theirs grow, especially on a regional level. Today, the original BRIC countries combine with the Group of Seven (G7), to make up 11 of the world's 12 largest economies, but it is predicted that they will move further up on this list in the coming decades.

Questions concerning the European Union. Effects of globalisation. European integration. Construction of Europe, European Parliament and Elections. International conflicts: Georgia. Mobility. EU budget. Representation of the levels of public authorities in the EU.

Topics: 1. Frequency of political discussions with friends and own opinion leadership; life satisfaction; assessment of the current economic situation in the own country, in Europe, and in the world, assessment of the personal job situation, the financial situation of the own household, the employment situation, and the situation of the environment in the own country; assessment of the current situation in the own country regarding: residential area, health care, pensions, unemployment benefits, cost of living, relations between migrants, dealing with inequalities and poverty, affordability of energy and housing, as well as the way the public administration runs; future expectations concerning: the own life, the national economic and employment situation, the situation of the environment in the own country, the personal job situation, the economic situation in the EU, and in the world; comparison of economic and employment situation, cost of living, energy prices, quality of life, and environmental situation in the own country with the average of the European countries; most important problems in the own country; most important problems facing the respondent; existing or future membership of the own country in the EU as a good thing; benefits from the country’s membership in the EU; development of the own country and the European Union in the right direction; trust in institutions (justice, political parties, public authorities, national government, national parliament, EU, UN, NATO); assessment of the EU; importance of the EU for the respondent: more stable economy through the EU membership of the country; only in EU 27 countries in the euro area: more stable economy through the affiliation of the country to the euro area; EU 27, Macedonia, Croatia, Turkey, and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus: attitude towards the following statements: own political efficacy in the EU as well as in the own country, and political efficacy of the own country in the EU, understanding how the EU works, EU imposes its views on the own country, national government is sensitive to concerns of the own citizens, national government cares about the concerns of European citizens; knowledge of the selected bodies of the EU (European Parliament, European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Central Bank); assessment of the importance of these institutions as well as confidence in these institutions; assessment of the current speed of building Europe, and desired speed (card, figures); changes in the purchasing power of the own household in the past five years; financial difficulties at the end of the month; assessment of the prospects for the lives of today’s children compared with the own generation; expected improvement of the prospects for living in the own country; knowledge test about the EU (member states, presidency); only EU 27: preferred level of political decision-making: national government or jointly within the EU regarding selected issues (fighting crime, unemployment and terrorism, taxation, defence and foreign affairs, immigration, educational system, pensions, environment protection, health, social welfare, agriculture and fishery, consumer protection, research, support of structurally weak regions, energy, competition, transports, economy, and combating inflation); again all: attitude towards selected propositions: European monetary union with the euro as the common currency, common foreign and defence policy of the EU member states, EU enlargement, higher speed of building Europe in some countries; preferred issues to be emphasized to strengthen the EU; awareness of the current presidency of France and the future presidency of the Czech Republic in the EU Council.

1. Effects of globalisation: attitudes towards globalisation (good opportunities for national companies versus threat to employment and companies in the own country); attitude towards the statement: EU protects its citizens from the negative effects of globalisation (Split A), or enables European citizens to better benefit from the positive effects of globalisation (Split B); European Union or national government as the most appropriate institution to protect from negative effects...

The real gross domestic product (GDP) of Malta is estimated to have grown by *** percent in 2023 and is projected to grow a further **** percent in 2024, which are the highest growth rates across all European countries for each year. In comparison, Estonia, Austria, Finland, and Ireland all had *************** rates in 2023.

The average for 2023 based on 47 countries was -0.66 points. The highest value was in Botswana: 1.04 points and the lowest value was in Mali: -2.73 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Countries use economic sanctions as a way to force their opponents to make policy concessions. Such external pressure may, as the designers of sanctions often intend, affect the degree of domestic support for the target's political leaders. It may even threaten the leaders’ survival in office. We investigate how these dual pressures—preference for policy concessions and concern about target leaders’ political future—shape the use of sanctions in the context of political relations between the sanctioning and sanctioned countries. The political relations between the two countries matter because a decline in the likelihood of the target leader's political survival results in a cost for the sanctioner when the target is a friendly regime and generates a benefit when the targeted regime is an adversary. Therefore, we argue, and show statistically, that economic coercion is more likely for friendly governments when they are politically stable and unfriendly governments when they are politically vulnerable. We illustrate our causal mechanism using declassified primary sources for two case studies of US sanctions against Chile.

Monthly and long-term United States economic indicators data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.