A recently published paper, titled “Coastal proximity of populations in 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories” details the methodology used to undertake the analysis and presents the findings. Purpose * This analysis aims to estimate populations settled in coastal areas in 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTS) using the data currently available. In addition to the coastal population estimates, the study compares the results obtained from the use of national population datasets (census) with those derived from the use of global population grids. * Accuracy and reliability from national and global datasets derived results have been evaluated to identify the most suitable options to estimate size and location of coastal populations in the region. A collaborative project between the Pacific Community (SPC), WorldFish and the University of Wollongong has produced the first detailed population estimates of people living close to the coast in the 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs).

Globally, about 25 percent of the population is under 15 years of age and 10 percent is over 65 years of age. Africa has the youngest population worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is below 15 years, and only three percent are above 65, indicating the low life expectancy in several of the countries. In Europe, on the other hand, a higher share of the population is above 65 years than the population under 15 years. Fertility rates The high share of children and youth in Africa is connected to the high fertility rates on the continent. For instance, South Sudan and Niger have the highest population growth rates globally. However, about 50 percent of the world’s population live in countries with low fertility, where women have less than 2.1 children. Some countries in Europe, like Latvia and Lithuania, have experienced a population decline of one percent, and in the Cook Islands, it is even above two percent. In Europe, the majority of the population was previously working-aged adults with few dependents, but this trend is expected to reverse soon, and it is predicted that by 2050, the older population will outnumber the young in many developed countries. Growing global population As of 2025, there are 8.1 billion people living on the planet, and this is expected to reach more than nine billion before 2040. Moreover, the global population is expected to reach 10 billions around 2060, before slowing and then even falling slightly by 2100. As the population growth rates indicate, a significant share of the population increase will happen in Africa.

In 2024, Papua New Guinea had the largest population of the Pacific Island nations, with around *** million people. The second-highest population in the region was Fiji, with just over *** thousand people.

Monaco is the country with the highest median age in the world. The population has a median age of around 57 years, which is around six years more than in Japan and Saint Pierre and Miquelon – the other countries that make up the top three. Southern European countries make up a large part of the top 20, with Italy, Slovenia, Greece, San Marino, Andorra, and Croatia all making the list. Low infant mortality means higher life expectancy Monaco and Japan also have the lowest infant mortality rates in the world, which contributes to the calculation of a higher life expectancy because fewer people are dying in the first years of life. Indeed, many of the nations with a high median age also feature on the list of countries with the highest average life expectancy, such as San Marino, Japan, Italy, and Lichtenstein. Demographics of islands and small countries Many smaller countries and island nations have populations with a high median age, such as Guernsey and the Isle of Man, which are both island territories within the British Isles. An explanation for this could be that younger people leave to seek work or education opportunities, while others choose to relocate there for retirement.

Proportion of population living in 1, 5 and 10km buffer zones for Pacific Island Countries and Territories, determined using most recent Population and Housing Census. Number of people living in 1,5 and 10km buffer zones determined by apportioning population projections.

Find more Pacific data on PDH.stat.

A collaborative project between SPC, the World Fish Centre and the University of Wollongong has produced the first detailed population estimates of people living close to the coast in the 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). These estimates are stratified into 1, 5, and 10km zones. More information about this dataset: https://sdd.spc.int/mapping-coastal

Proportion of population in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) living in Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ) of 0-10 and 0-20 meters above sea level. LECZ were delineated using the bathub method overlaid on the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Global Digital Surface Model (AW3D30). Populations within the LECZs were estimated using the Pacific Community (SPC) Statistics for Development Division’s 100m2 population grids.

Find more Pacific data on PDH.stat.

Faroe Islands FO: Urban Population: % of Total Population data was reported at 41.914 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 41.777 % for 2016. Faroe Islands FO: Urban Population: % of Total Population data is updated yearly, averaging 31.228 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.914 % in 2017 and a record low of 21.383 % in 1960. Faroe Islands FO: Urban Population: % of Total Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Faroe Islands – Table FO.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.; Weighted average;

SM.POP.TOTL. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data. The World Development Indicators (WDI) is the primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized international sources. It presents the most current and accurate global development data available, and includes national, regional and global estimates.

Abstract

Census of population and housing refers to the entire process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, and publishing data about the population and the living quarters in a country. It entails the listing and recording of the characteristics of each individual person and each living quarter as of a specified time and within a specified territory. It is the source of information on the size and distribution of the population as well as its demographic, social, economic, and cultural characteristics. These information are vital for making rational plans and programs for national and local development.

The 2011 Census of Population and Housing, conducted in April 2011, was designed to take an inventory of the total population and housing units in the RMI and to collect information about their characteristics. The census of population is the source of information on the size and distribution of the population as well as information about the demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics. The census of housing, on the other hand, provides information on the supply of housing units, their structural characteristics and facilities which have bearing on the maintenance of privacy, health and the development of normal family living conditions. These information are vital for making rational plans and programs for social and economic development.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Individual Household

Universe

All de jure population of the Republic of the Marshall Islands on Census day.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Data editing for the 2011 RMI Census used four phases of editing. The first phase of the data editing was the control phase which control clerks checked for completeness of the questionnaire. During this phase, items were verified by contacting the respondents either by phone or by home visit. The countries took advantage of enumerators still on the field to complete any missing information especially those pertaining to the head of the household, education and fertility questions.

The second phase of data editing was completed during data entry on items that had responses in places where no responses was expected and vice versa. Any information that was missing or incomplete in the questionnaire was substituted with a special code and keyed into the computer. Other than corrections to age, sex to name association and skip patterns no other information was edited during this phase.

The third phase utilized a standardized editing method called dynamic imputation. The method imputes missing or invalid items in the questionnaire with a person in the same geographical region that displays similar characteristics. The method used an approach called top-down to prevent circular and over editing of data.

The fourth phase was more of a quality control issue and refinements to the data edits. This was normally done with the production of tables and the interaction of subject-matter specialist.

Marshall Islands MH: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 11.300 % in 2019. Marshall Islands MH: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 11.300 % from Dec 2019 (Median) to 2019, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.300 % in 2019 and a record low of 11.300 % in 2019. Marshall Islands MH: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Marshall Islands – Table MH.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The Vatican City, often called the Holy See, has the smallest population worldwide, with only *** inhabitants. It is also the smallest country in the world by size. The islands Niue, Tuvalu, and Nauru followed in the next three positions. On the other hand, India is the most populous country in the world, with over *** billion inhabitants.

The autonomous community of the Balearic Islands is comprised of four main islands – the largest and most populous of which is Mallorca, which had a population of over ******* inhabitants as of January 2025. Meanwhile, the second island on the list, Ibiza, was home to roughly ******* inhabitants. With its crystal-clear beaches, the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands attracts millions of domestic and international visitors each year. Which Balearic Island receives the most tourists? ******** received the lion's share of tourist arrivals in the Balearic Islands in 2022. That year, nearly ** percent of tourists in the Balearic Islands visited Mallorca, and this figure remained relatively consistent with the previous three years. The island is a particularly popular travel destination for Germans. In 2022, the number of German tourist arrivals in Mallorca was *** million. How many tourists visit Spain each year? Spain ranked ****** on the World Tourism Organization’s list of most visited countries in the world in 2023, with ** million foreigners having visited that year. The Mediterranean country is also one of Europe’s favorite holiday destinations. **************** and the ************** were some of the leading countries to visit Spain in 2023. That year, over ** million tourists came from the United Kingdom alone.

In the Cook Islands in 2024, the population decreased by about 2.24 percent compared to the previous year, making it the country with the highest population decline rate in 2024. Of the 20 countries with the highest rate of population decline, the majority are island nations, where emigration rates are high (especially to Australia, New Zealand, and the United States), or they are located in Eastern Europe, which suffers from a combination of high emigration rates and low birth rates.

The 2001 Census of Population and Dwellings was undertaken on 1st December 2001. This census was conducted under the authority of the Statistics Act, 1966. The confidentiality provisions in this act provide against the release or publication of any particulars relating to individuals.

This is the seventh census undertaken by the Statistics Office, the first being in 1971. Prior to this the Cook Island censuses were conducted by the Registrar General of the Justice Department. Since the annexation of the Cook Islands by New Zealand regular census activities have been held every five years. The census counts all persons present in the Cook Islands on census night, thus it includes visitors temporary in the country. Cook Islanders who are living or are temporarily on vacation abroad are excluded.

The theme of the 2001 Census was “BE IN THE COUNT”. This theme followed on from that of the 1996 “COUNTING FOR OUR FUTURE” where it encourages everyone to participate in the census for better and reliable result.

The self-governing territory of the Cook Islands consists of 15 islands and atolls that are spread over 2million sq. km of the South Pacific Ocean. The Cook Islands is defined as all the islands between 156 - 167 ° West and 8-23 ° South. Such distances over the sea linking small populations’ presents an imposing hindrance to the development of an efficient transportation and communication system. The islands are geographically divided into two groups, commonly referred to as the Northern and Southern Group islands. The two groups of islands making up the country portray marked differences in their social, cultural and economic activities. The Northern Group islands remain relatively isolated from the Southern Group islands. The Cook Islands are the result of volcanic activity and coral growth. The islands of Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke and Mitiaro are the emergent peaks of extinct volcanoes. The islands of Manuae, Palmerston, Penrhyn, Manihiki, Rakahanga, Pukapuka, Nassau and Suwarrow are atolls, that is coral reefs around a lagoon on the top of submerged volcanoes. Aitutaki is part volcano and part atoll. The total land area of the Cook Islands is 23,261 hectares while its exclusive economic zone covers an area of nearly 2 million sq. km or 750,000 sq. miles. Rarotonga, with a total land area of 6,719 hectares is the largest and most populous island (over 50% of the population) and also the administrative centre.

The Cook Islands enjoy a South Pacific moderate climate. The mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures in Rarotonga, the capital, range between 21° and 28° Celsius. Trade winds blow almost continuously. Rainfall is normally spread evenly throughout the year but there is considerable variation from year to year. The islands lie within the hurricane belt and severe damage to crops, housing and coastal areas (harbours) can be expected once or twice each decade. The hurricane season lasts from November to March during which time storms of less than hurricane strength may also inflict minor damage to the islands.

v01: Cleaned and labelled version of the Master file.

-HOUSEHOLD: Household listing, household characteristics, energy, communication and primary activities.

-INDIVIDUAL: Individual characteristics, education, economic activity, income and fertility.

The scope of the early Cook Islands censuses was limited, in fact they consisted of head counts only. With the passage of time the census has expanded. Gradually, questions on sex, age, marital status, religion, education, employment, etc have been included. Questions on unpaid work and income earned were included for the first time in the 1996 Census. In the 2001 Census, questions on disability and waste management was included.
A personal questionnaire is completed for every man, woman and child alive at midnight on census night within the geographical boundaries of the Cook Islands. The Census excludes those persons on foreign vessels, yachts and aircraft flying through or stopping temporarily (transit). A dwelling questionnaire is completed for every occupied dwelling as at midnight on census night.

The format of the questionnaires for the 2001 Census of Population and Dwellings was similar to that of the 1996 Census. The dwelling questionnaire contained 26 questions, requesting information on the number of persons in the dwelling, type of dwelling, year dwelling was constructed, appliances and amenities, subsistence agricultural and fishing activities, etc.
The personal questionnaire was split into several parts:
Questions 1 to 6 - relates to every person in the Cook Islands on census night.
Questions 7 to 11(ii) - relates to every person in the Cook Islands on census night excluding visitors and those that were currently serving a sentence in jail.
Questions 11(iii) - relates to every person over the age of 1 year.
Questions 11(iv) to 12(d) - relates to every person over the age of 5 years.
Questions 12(e) to Q21 - relates to every person over the age of 15 years.
Questions 22 - relates only to females 15 years and over.

The Cook Islands are geographically divided into a number of Census Districts coinciding with the electoral boundaries, and these were further divided into enumeration areas. An enumerator is then assigned to collect the census forms for each enumeration area.

• Collection start: 2001
• Collection end: 2001

In 2021, Fiji heritage was the most common cultural group of Pacific Island heritage living in Australia. The number of people of Fiji heritage in the country reached ***** thousand that year. In comparison, the number of individuals of Samoa heritage in Australia was approximately ** thousand in the same year.

Solomon Islands SB: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data was reported at 84.700 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 87.300 % for 2005. Solomon Islands SB: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 86.000 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 87.300 % in 2005 and a record low of 84.700 % in 2013. Solomon Islands SB: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Solomon Islands – Table SB.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $5.50 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Abstract

The main purpose of a HIES survey was to present high quality and representative national household data on income and expenditure in order to update Consumer Price Index (CPI), improve statistics on National Accounts and measure poverty within the country. These statistics are a requirement for evidence based policy-making in reducing poverty within the country and monitor progress in the national strategic plan "Te Kakeega 3".

The 2015-16 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) is the third HIES that was conducted by the Central Statistics Division since Tuvalu gained political independence in 1978. With great assitance from the Pacific Community (SPC) experts, the HIES was conducted over a period of 12 months in urban (Funafuti) and rural (4 outer islands) areas. From a total of 1,872 households on Tuvalu, an amount of 38 percent sample of all households in Tuvalu was selected to provide valid response.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Household and Individual.

Universe

The scope of the 2015/2016 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was all occupied households in Tuvalu. Households are the sampling unit, defined as a group of people (related or not) who pool their money, and cook and eat together. It is not the physical structure (dwelling) in which people live. HIES covered all persons who were considered to be usual residents of private dwellings (must have been living in Tuvalu for a period of 12-months, or have intention to live in Tuvalu for a period of 12-months in order to be included in the survey). Usual residents who are temporary away are included as well (e.g., for work or a holiday).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Out of the total 1,872 households (HHs) listed in 2015, a sample 706 households which is 38 percent of the the total households were succesfully interviewed for a response rate of 98%.

SAMPLING FRAME: The 2010 (Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) sample was spread over 12 months rounds - one each quarter - and the specifications of the final responding households are summarised below: Tuvalu urban: Selected households: 259 = 217 responded; Tuvalu rural: Selected households: 346 = 324 responded.

In 2010, 605 HHs were selected and 541 sufficiently responded. The 2010 HIES provided solid estimates for expenditure aggregates at the national level (sampling error for national expenditure estimate is 3.1%).

Similarly to the 2010 HIES, private occupied dwellings were the statistical unit for the 2015/2016 HIES. Institutions and vacant dwellings were removed from the sampling frame. Some areas in Tuvalu are very difficult to reach due to the cost of transportation and the remoteness of some islands, which is why they are excluded from the sample selection. The following table presents the distribution of the HHs according to their location (main island or outer islands in each domain) based on the 2012 Population and Housing Census: -Urban - Funafuti: 845 (48%); -Rural - Nanumea: 115 (7%); -Rural - Nanumaga: 116 (7%); -Rural - Niutao: 123 (7%); -Rural - Nui: 138 (8%); -Rural - Vaitupu: 226 (13%); -Rural - Nukufetau: 124 (%); -Rural - Nukulaelae: 67 (%); -Rural - Niulakita: 7 (%); -TOTAL: 1761 (100%).

The 2012 Population and Household Census (PHC) wsa used to select the island to interview, and then in each selected island the HH listing was updated for selection. For budget and logistics reasons the islands of Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae and Niukalita were excluded from the sample selection. In total 19% of the HHs were excluded from the selection but this decision should not affect the HIES outputs as those 19% show similar profile as other HHs who live in the outer islands. This exclusion will be take into consideration in the sampling weight computation in order to cover 100% of the outer island HHs.

SAMPLE SELECTION AND SAMPLE SIZE: A simple random selection was used in each of the selected island (HHs were selected directly from the sampling frame). Based on the findings from the 2010 Tuvalu HIES, the sample in Funafuti has been increased and the one in rural remains stable. Within each rural selected atolls, the allocation of the sample size is proportional to its size (baed on the 2012 population census). The table below shows the number of HHs to survey: Urban - Funafuti: 384; Rural - Vaitupu: 126; Rural - Nanumea: 63; Rural - Niutao: 84; Rural - Nanumaga: 63; TUVALU: 720.

The expected sample size has been increased by one third (361 HHs) with the aim of pre-empting the non contacted HHs (refusals, absence….). The 2015/2016 HIES adopted the standardized HIES methodology and survey instruments for the Pacific Islands region. This approach, developed by the Pacific Community (SPC), has resulted in proven survey forms being used for data collection. It involves collection of data over a 12-month period to account for seasonal changes in income and expenditure patterns, and to keep the field team to a smaller and more qualified group. Their implementation had the objective of producing consistent and high quality data.

Sampling deviation

For budget and logistics reasons the islands of Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae and Niukalita were excluded from the sample selection. In total 19% of the HHs were excluded from the selection but this decision should not affect the HIES outputs as those 19% show similar profile as other HHs who live in the outer islands. This exclusion will be take into consideration in the sampling weight computation in order to cover 100% of the outer island HHs.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey contain 4 modules and 2 Diaries (1 diary for each of the two weeks that a household was enumerated). The purpose of a Diary is to record all the daily expenses and incomes of a Household as shown by its topics below; - DIARY
The Diary module contains questions such as "What did your Household buy Today (Food and Non-Food Items)?", "Payments for Services made Today", "Food, Non-Food and Services Received for Free", "Home-Produced Items Today", "Overflow Sheet for Items Bought This Week", "Overflow Sheet for Services Paid for This Week", "Overflow Sheet for Items Received for Free this Week", and an "Overflow Sheet for Home-Produced Items This Week".

The 4 modules are detailed below; - MODULE 1 - DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION The module contains individual demograhic questions on their Demographic Profiles, Labour Force status (Activities), Education status, Health status, Communication status and questions on "Household members that have left the household". - MODULE 2 - HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE The module contains household expenditure questions the housing characteristics, Housing tenure expenditures, Utilities and Communication, Land, Household goods and assets, Vehicles and accessories, Private Travel details, Household services expenditures, Cash contributions, Provisions of Financial support, Household asset insurance and taxes and questions on Personal insurance. - MODULE 3 - INDIVIDUAL EXPENDITURE This module contains individual expenditure questions on Education, Health, Clothing, Communication, Luxury Items, Alcohol, Kava and Tobacco, and Deprivation questions. - MODULE 4 - HOUSEHOLD & INDIVIDUAL INCOME
This module contains household and individual questions on their income, on topics such as Wages and Salary, Agricultural and Forestry Activities, Fishing, Gathering and Hunting Activities, Livestock and Aquaculture Activities, Handicraft/Home-processed Food Activities, Income from Non-subsistence Business, Property income, transfer income & other Receipts, and Remmitances and other Cash gifts.

Depending on the information being collected, a recall period (ranging from the last 7 days to the last 12 months) is applied to various sections of the questionnaire. The forms were completed by face-to-face interview, usually with the HH head providing most of the information, with other household (HH) members being interviewed when necessary. The interviews took place over a 2-week period such that the HH diary, which is completed by the HH on a daily basis for 2 weeks, can be monitored while the module interviews take place. The HH diary collects information on the HH's daily expenditure on goods and services; and the harvest, capture, collection or slaughter of primary produce (fruit, vegetables and animals) by intended purpose (home consumption, sale or to give away). The income and expenditure data from the modules and the diary are concatenated (ensuring that double counting does not occur), annualised, and extrapolated to form the income and expenditure aggregates presented herein.

Cleaning operations

The survey procedure and enumeration team structure allowed for in-round data entry, which gives the field staff the opportunity to correct the data by manual review and by using the entry system-generated error messages. This process was designed to improve data quality. The data entry system used system-controlled entry, interactive coding and validity and consistency checks. Despite the validity and consistency checks put in place, the data still required cleaning. The cleaning was a 2-stage process, which included manual cleaning while referencing the questionnaire, whereas the second stage involved computer-assisted code verification and, in some cases, imputation. Once the data were clean, verified and consistent, they were recoded to form a final aggregated database, consisting of: 1. Person level record - characteristics of every HH member, including activity

It is estimated that the Second World War was responsible for the deaths of approximately 3.76 percent of the world's population between 1939 and 1945. In 2022, where the world's population reached eight billion, this would be equal to the death of around 300 million people.

The region that experienced the largest loss of life relative to its population was the South Seas Mandate - these were former-German territories given to the Empire of Japan through the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, and they make up much of the present-day countries of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S. territory), and Palau. Due to the location and strategic importance of these islands, they were used by the Japanese as launching pads for their attacks on Pearl Harbor and in the South Pacific, while they were also taken as part of the Allies' island-hopping strategy in their counteroffensive against Japan. This came at a heavy cost for the local populations, a large share of whom were Japanese settlers who had moved there in the 1920s and 1930s. Exact figures for both pre-war populations and wartime losses fluctuate by source, however civilian losses in these islands were extremely high as the Japanese defenses resorted to more extreme measures in the war's final phase.

Solomon Islands SB: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data was reported at 58.800 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 70.600 % for 2005. Solomon Islands SB: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 64.700 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.600 % in 2005 and a record low of 58.800 % in 2013. Solomon Islands SB: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Solomon Islands – Table SB.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.