This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In the third quarter of 2024, Greece's national debt was the highest in all the European Union, amounting to 158 percent of Greece's gross domestic product. In spite of Greece's total being high by EU standards, it marks a substantial decrease from the historical high point reached by the country's national debt of 207 percent of GDP in 2020. Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, and Portugal also all have government debt worth over one year's production of their economies, while the small Baltic country of Estonia has the smallest national debt when compared with GDP, at only 24 percent. In debitum incrementum?A country’s national debt, also known as government debt or public debt, is defined as all borrowings owed by the government of a country. It usually comprises internal debt – owed to other governmental departments – and external debt, which is held by the public and is owed to government bond owners. National debt can be caused by a struggling economy in general, or by low tax income, which usually leads to money being borrowed from other governments for support, which in turn cannot be paid back right away. At first glance, a high national debt is not always a sign of a struggling economy – but since increasing debt can slow down economic growth significantly, it is imperative for the respective government to seek a steady reduction in the long run.

In 2024, Sudan ranked had the highest public debt level in relation to its GDP, with an estimated debt almost three times larger than its GDP. The countries with the highest public debt often have a high level of economic instability, however there are also many more developed economies on this list, such as five of the G7 countries, who feature due to their high levels of national borrowing and public spending. Venezuela's public debt

Key information about United States Government Debt: % of GDP

• United States Government debt accounted for 120.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with the ratio of 122.3 % in the previous quarter.
• US government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1969 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 130.3 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 31.8 % in Sep 1974.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides Government Debt in USD. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in USD. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about United States Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, US National Government Debt reached 38,040.1 USD bn in Oct 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 7,621.4 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This dataset provides values for EXTERNAL DEBT reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about United States Total Debt: % of GDP

• United States Total Debt accounted for 718.9 % of the country's GDP in 2025, compared with the ratio of 718.5 % in the previous quarter.
• US Total Debt: % of GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1951 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 834.1 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 309.4 % in Jun 1953.

CEIC calculates quarterly Total Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Total Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Total Debt is calculated as sum of Liabilities for NonFinancial Business, Federal Government, State and Local Government, Households & Nonprofit Organizations and Financial Business less Mutual Fund Shares. Federal Reserve Board provides Total Debt in local currency. Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in local currency.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFSGDA188S) from 1929 to 2024 about budget, federal, GDP, and USA.

Government Debt Indicators (OECD)

Country-level Measurements of General Government Debt

By OECD [source]

About this dataset

This dataset provides key indicators regarding the general government debt of OECD countries. These figures reflect the fact that an unfortunate portion of a country’s annual budget is allocated to repaying debt, and suggest different levels of financial stability across nations. By examining this data, we can observe fluctuations in public debt levels over time, as well as how various countries compare in terms of their general government debt buckets. Featuring monthly measurements for multiple years, these data points provide valuable insight into how borrowing affects the overall financial landscapes of the countries captured. Additionally, a convenient flag code system separately gauges the data’s accuracy and credibility to ensure that only reliable readings are observed

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How to use the dataset

• This dataset contains indicators on general government debt for OECD members and selected non-members. The indicators included in this dataset are useful in measuring country-level financial stability and understanding the sources of government financing. This dataset is a great resource for researchers, policy makers, and data journalists who are interested in analyzing trends in public finances across countries.

• The data is organized by twelve columns, which include LOCATION, INDICATOR, SUBJECT, MEASURE, FREQUENCY (annual or quarterly), TIME (year), Value (in national currency units where applicable) and Flag Codes which denote the accuracy of a given value’s measurement. To access specific information from this dataset such as a values or locations associated with particular indicators such as “Gross Debt of General Government” one can use the filtering options available to select specific regions that they want to compare against each other. The results page will show multiple graphs where users can export individual numbers or view/download all datasets related to particular subgroups based on their selection criteria. Additionally users can choose to generate tables if they wish to compare numerical results rather than graphical ones since each entry shows details up until 2018 along with values published over various years when available.

• It is important that users take note of any flag codes pertaining these datasets as this indicates why data may have been missing from specific points series entries under certain conditions thus providing additional context that should be good practice for comparative analysis purposes between different countries' results for instance. Finally we recommend that advanced users download directly and read through raw csv files provided at the link contained within this description so as to better understand how variables were recorded upon original entry though always keep current standards corresponding filtering column filter selection into account prior making any graphical comparison output interpretations without confirmation further details from more authoritative sources including national treasuries departments themselves if possible beforehand nature needed since all fields contained were originally filled out just once during collection process associated source year indicated at time entry only after has been approved management group curation following validation our accuracy protocols chosen site lastly once all said taken care creating memorable finalized looks report visualizations done easier all via software programs compatible kaggle now let's get started analyzing!

Research Ideas

• Computing gender-disaggregated government debt levels to reveal systemic imbalances such as gender inequality in government spending.
• Estimating the amount of money spent on infrastructure projects by specific OECD countries over a certain period of time.
• Modeling and predicting future macroeconomic trends in terms of general government debt, for use in investment and financial planning activities

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. - Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. - You must: - **Give appropriate cr...

This statistic shows the national debt of important industrial and emerging countries in 2024 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP). In 2024, the national debt of China was at about 88.33 percent of the gross domestic product.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about US Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• United States Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with a deficit equal to 7.0 % in the previous quarter
• US Consolidated Fiscal Balance to GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Sep 1981 to Jun 2025, with an average ratio of -2.8 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 2.5 % in Dec 2000 and a record low of -19.0 % in Mar 2021

CEIC calculates quarterly Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Consolidated Fiscal Balance and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides Consolidated Fiscal Balance in USD. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in USD. Consolidated Fiscal Balance covers Central Government only.


Further information about US Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, US National Government Debt reached 38,040.1 USD bn in Oct 2025
• US Nominal GDP reached 7,621.4 USD bn in Jun 2025

The average for 2022 based on 10 countries was 65.75 percent. The highest value was in Singapore: 158.25 percent and the lowest value was in Brunei: 2.06 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Key information about Israel National Government Debt

• Israel National Government Debt reached 310.8 USD bn in Dec 2023, compared with 294.7 USD bn in the previous year.
• Israel National Government Debt data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 335.7 USD bn in Dec 2021 and a record low of 91.3 USD bn in Dec 1995.

CEIC converts annual Government Debt into USD. The Bank of Israel provides Government Debt in local currency. The Bank of Israel period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Related information about Israel National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Israel Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 4.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2023.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 67.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2021.
• Israel Nominal GDP reached 127.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.

As of 2024, the United States' government debt accounted for more than ******* of the world total. Second in the ranking was China with **** percent of the total, followed by Japan with *** percent.

Key information about Finland Government Debt: % of GDP

• Finland Government debt accounted for 88.5 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with the ratio of 84.2 % in the previous quarter.
• Finland government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2000 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 88.5 % in Jun 2025 and a record low of 30.7 % in Sep 2008.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. Statistics Finland provides Government Debt in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR.


Related information about Finland Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Finland National Government Debt reached 289.4 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 82.5 USD bn in Sep 2025.

Key information about New Zealand National Government Debt

• New Zealand National Government Debt reached 123.7 USD bn in Sep 2025, compared with 124.1 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• New Zealand National Government Debt data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2006 to Sep 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 124.1 USD bn in Jun 2025 and a record low of 21.4 USD bn in Sep 2008.

CEIC converts quarterly Government Debt into USD. The Treasury provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Sovereign Guaranteed Debt only.


Related information about New Zealand National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, New Zealand Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 1.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2025.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 46.7 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2025.
• New Zealand Nominal GDP reached 65.7 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This horizontal bar chart displays central government debt (% of GDP) by country full name using the aggregation average, weighted by gdp in Central America. The data is about countries.