The two highest ranking countries when it comes to the daily newspaper readers (print) in selected countries worldwide, are India and Austria. ** percent of respondents from India as well as ** percent from Austria state that they read this type of media product. Statista Consumer Insights offer you all results of our exclusive Statista surveys, based on more than ********* interviews.

The two highest ranking countries when it comes to the weekly newspaper readers (print) in selected countries worldwide, are India and Finland. ** percent of respondents from India as well as ** percent from Finland state that they read this type of media product. Statista Consumer Insights offer you all results of our exclusive Statista surveys, based on more than ********* interviews.

During a study conducted throughout 2019, around **** percent of people surveyed in Peru said they read newspapers. In Argentina, the share of newspaper readers stood below ** percent. Meanwhile, Colombia had the highest radio reach within Latin America in 2019.

The highest number of daily readers of written press in Europe live in Finland, with ** percent of Finnish citizens reporting reading printed press every day. The survey, released in **********, found that countries with the highest share of daily readers along with Finland were the Netherlands and Sweden, with ** percent and ** percent respectively.

According to a report investigating news consumption and media literacy worldwide, television was the most typical outlet from which consumers got their news and current affairs information in all participating countries. India was the exception to this, with 82 percent saying that they used social media as their main way of keeping up to date.

Whilst news consumption varied across the world, social media was cited as a source of news for over 50 percent of consumers from each country in the study, and online newspapers, news sites, or apps were also popular choices. Meanwhile, printed newspapers were read by more than 60 percent of respondents from India but were among the least used news outlets in other countries.

Paying for news

Printed papers have long struggled to retain or pull in readers as news audiences look elsewhere, not least due to the availability of free online news. Indeed, a global study evaluating news consumption across 15 countries found that paying for online news is not yet commonplace. A separate report revealed that 67 percent of respondents worldwide admitted they only read news that could be accessed for free, and for Hungary and Russia the figure was as high as 79 percent. In an age where free websites and social media platforms satisfy the demand for free content, paying for news is not always an appealing prospect for consumers, and perhaps even less so among younger audiences who rely heavily on free sources.

News consumption among Gen Z and Millennials

Global data showed that Gen Z and Millennials mainly use social media for news. A total of 34 percent of consumers under 35 years old used social media as their main news source in early 2021, compared to 26 percent of all respondents to the study. Interestingly though, news consumption behavior among Gen Z and Millennials was different when it came to searching for news on the COVID-19 pandemic. The most used sources of coronavirus news among this demographic were national newspapers, television, and radio, whereas social media was a less popular choice.

Marca was the newspaper with the highest number of readers in Spain in the third quarter of 2023, with ******* print and digital readers. Transitioning to a digital eraThe latest surveys suggested that Spaniards in all age groups were more likely to read the news on an electronic device rather than in traditional print newspaper format. These studies also revealed that traditional papers appeared to be most popular among individuals aged 65 and over, with a share of ** percent readership in 2018. Modern newspaper advertising trends target the digital marketAs readership shifts away from the printed word towards digital devices, so does one of the main sources of income for newspapers: advertising expenditure and its revenue. Although general advertising expenditure is projected to dwindle in the upcoming years, revenues generated by it are forecast to increase in the digital newspaper format. This is not the case for printed newspapers, whose advertising revenues saw an ongoing decline throughout the last years and is only expected to gradually decrease more in the future.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people. The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys. All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application. Main Topics: Variables Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended; qualifications obtained; accent of informant; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits; drinking habits; camera usage; use of cosmetics; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week); daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day); cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read); whether informant DIY person; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds); holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership. earlier surveys only. See documentation for details Face-to-face interview

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people. The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys. All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application. Main Topics: Variables Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended; qualifications obtained; accent of informant; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits; drinking habits; camera usage; use of cosmetics; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week); daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day); cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read); whether informant DIY person; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds); holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership. earlier surveys only. See documentation for details Face-to-face interview

Franceinfo.fr was the most visited news site in France in July 2024, with more than *** million unique visitors. Online publications LeFigaro.fr and Bfmtv.com rounded out the top three with around *** million and *** million visits, respectively. Newspaper consumption trends in France A survey on newspaper and magazine readership in France revealed that roughly ** percent of adults engaged with printed or digital newspapers regularly as of 2021, whereas another ** percent of respondents stated they never read newspapers of any sort. While interest in the news has remained strong over the years, data also showed that spending on print media in France has continuously declined for over a decade. There is no denying that the proliferation of social media and other digital platforms that deliver news in real-time and around the clock has caused many print publications to experience declines in readership and relevance. Online news is the latest craze The latest data on online news audiences in France indicated that approximately ** percent of internet users visited news websites in 2021. This share grew from just over ** percent in 2015, highlighting the ever-increasing appeal of online publications among French readers. Many of the country’s most popular newspapers have consequently moved online to combat dwindling audiences, and looking at a readership breakdown of Le Figaro, for example, this shift has proven to be immensely successful. Meanwhile, readers are also consuming more news content via smartphones than ever, with Le Monde and Le Figaro leading news applications in France boasting over ** million visits in 2022.

This statistic ranks the leading daily newspapers by number of readers in the region of the Basque country, Spain, between ************ and ********. "El Correo" was the most read newspaper in the Basque Country in Spain during that period.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people. The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys. All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application. Main Topics: Variables Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended; qualifications obtained; accent of informant; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits; drinking habits; camera usage; use of cosmetics; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week); daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day); cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read); whether informant DIY person; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds); holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership. earlier surveys only. See documentation for details Face-to-face interview

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people.
The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys.
All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application.
Main Topics:
Variables
Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district*; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended*; qualifications obtained*; accent of informant*; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits*; drinking habits*; camera usage*; use of cosmetics*; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week)*; daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day)*; cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening*; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution*; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read)*; whether informant DIY person*; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds)*; holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership.

*earlier surveys only.

Introduction

There are several works based on Natural Language Processing on newspaper reports. Mining opinions from headlines [ 1 ] using Standford NLP and SVM by Rameshbhaiet. Al.compared several algorithms on a small and large dataset. Rubinet. al., in their paper [ 2 ], created a mechanism to differentiate fake news from real ones by building a set of characteristics of news according to their types. The purpose was to contribute to the low resource data available for training machine learning algorithms. Doumitet. al.in [ 3 ] have implemented LDA, a topic modeling approach to study bias present in online news media.

However, there are not many NLP research invested in studying COVID-19. Most applications include classification of chest X-rays and CT-scans to detect presence of pneumonia in lungs [ 4 ], a consequence of the virus. Other research areas include studying the genome sequence of the virus[ 5 ][ 6 ][ 7 ] and replicating its structure to fight and find a vaccine. This research is crucial in battling the pandemic. The few NLP based research publications are sentiment classification of online tweets by Samuel et el [ 8 ] to understand fear persisting in people due to the virus. Similar work has been done using the LSTM network to classify sentiments from online discussion forums by Jelodaret. al.[ 9 ]. NKK dataset is the first study on a comparatively larger dataset of a newspaper report on COVID-19, which contributed to the virus’s awareness to the best of our knowledge.

2 Data-set Introduction

2.1 Data Collection

We accumulated 1000 online newspaper report from United States of America (USA) on COVID-19. The newspaper includes The Washington Post (USA) and StarTribune (USA). We have named it as “Covid-News-USA-NNK”. We also accumulated 50 online newspaper report from Bangladesh on the issue and named it “Covid-News-BD-NNK”. The newspaper includes The Daily Star (BD) and Prothom Alo (BD). All these newspapers are from the top provider and top read in the respective countries. The collection was done manually by 10 human data-collectors of age group 23- with university degrees. This approach was suitable compared to automation to ensure the news were highly relevant to the subject. The newspaper online sites had dynamic content with advertisements in no particular order. Therefore there were high chances of online scrappers to collect inaccurate news reports. One of the challenges while collecting the data is the requirement of subscription. Each newspaper required $1 per subscriptions. Some criteria in collecting the news reports provided as guideline to the human data-collectors were as follows:

The headline must have one or more words directly or indirectly related to COVID-19.

The content of each news must have 5 or more keywords directly or indirectly related to COVID-19.

The genre of the news can be anything as long as it is relevant to the topic. Political, social, economical genres are to be more prioritized.

Avoid taking duplicate reports.

Maintain a time frame for the above mentioned newspapers.

To collect these data we used a google form for USA and BD. We have two human editor to go through each entry to check any spam or troll entry.

2.2 Data Pre-processing and Statistics

Some pre-processing steps performed on the newspaper report dataset are as follows:

Remove hyperlinks.

Remove non-English alphanumeric characters.

Remove stop words.

Lemmatize text.

While more pre-processing could have been applied, we tried to keep the data as much unchanged as possible since changing sentence structures could result us in valuable information loss. While this was done with help of a script, we also assigned same human collectors to cross check for any presence of the above mentioned criteria.

The primary data statistics of the two dataset are shown in Table 1 and 2.

Table 1: Covid-News-USA-NNK data statistics

No of words per headline

7 to 20

No of words per body content

150 to 2100

Table 2: Covid-News-BD-NNK data statistics No of words per headline

10 to 20

No of words per body content

100 to 1500

2.3 Dataset Repository

We used GitHub as our primary data repository in account name NKK^1. Here, we created two repositories USA-NKK^2 and BD-NNK^3. The dataset is available in both CSV and JSON format. We are regularly updating the CSV files and regenerating JSON using a py script. We provided a python script file for essential operation. We welcome all outside collaboration to enrich the dataset.

3 Literature Review

Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with text (also known as categorical) data in computer science, utilizing numerous diverse methods like one-hot encoding, word embedding, etc., that transform text to machine language, which can be fed to multiple machine learning and deep learning algorithms.

Some well-known applications of NLP includes fraud detection on online media sites[ 10 ], using authorship attribution in fallback authentication systems[ 11 ], intelligent conversational agents or chatbots[ 12 ] and machine translations used by Google Translate[ 13 ]. While these are all downstream tasks, several exciting developments have been made in the algorithm solely for Natural Language Processing tasks. The two most trending ones are BERT[ 14 ], which uses bidirectional encoder-decoder architecture to create the transformer model, that can do near-perfect classification tasks and next-word predictions for next generations, and GPT-3 models released by OpenAI[ 15 ] that can generate texts almost human-like. However, these are all pre-trained models since they carry huge computation cost. Information Extraction is a generalized concept of retrieving information from a dataset. Information extraction from an image could be retrieving vital feature spaces or targeted portions of an image; information extraction from speech could be retrieving information about names, places, etc[ 16 ]. Information extraction in texts could be identifying named entities and locations or essential data. Topic modeling is a sub-task of NLP and also a process of information extraction. It clusters words and phrases of the same context together into groups. Topic modeling is an unsupervised learning method that gives us a brief idea about a set of text. One commonly used topic modeling is Latent Dirichlet Allocation or LDA[17].

Keyword extraction is a process of information extraction and sub-task of NLP to extract essential words and phrases from a text. TextRank [ 18 ] is an efficient keyword extraction technique that uses graphs to calculate the weight of each word and pick the words with more weight to it.

Word clouds are a great visualization technique to understand the overall ’talk of the topic’. The clustered words give us a quick understanding of the content.

4 Our experiments and Result analysis

We used the wordcloud library^4 to create the word clouds. Figure 1 and 3 presents the word cloud of Covid-News-USA- NNK dataset by month from February to May. From the figures 1,2,3, we can point few information:

In February, both the news paper have talked about China and source of the outbreak.

StarTribune emphasized on Minnesota as the most concerned state. In April, it seemed to have been concerned more.

Both the newspaper talked about the virus impacting the economy, i.e, bank, elections, administrations, markets.

Washington Post discussed global issues more than StarTribune.

StarTribune in February mentioned the first precautionary measurement: wearing masks, and the uncontrollable spread of the virus throughout the nation.

While both the newspaper mentioned the outbreak in China in February, the weight of the spread in the United States are more highlighted through out March till May, displaying the critical impact caused by the virus.

We used a script to extract all numbers related to certain keywords like ’Deaths’, ’Infected’, ’Died’ , ’Infections’, ’Quarantined’, Lock-down’, ’Diagnosed’ etc from the news reports and created a number of cases for both the newspaper. Figure 4 shows the statistics of this series. From this extraction technique, we can observe that April was the peak month for the covid cases as it gradually rose from February. Both the newspaper clearly shows us that the rise in covid cases from February to March was slower than the rise from March to April. This is an important indicator of possible recklessness in preparations to battle the virus. However, the steep fall from April to May also shows the positive response against the attack. We used Vader Sentiment Analysis to extract sentiment of the headlines and the body. On average, the sentiments were from -0.5 to -0.9. Vader Sentiment scale ranges from -1(highly negative to 1(highly positive). There were some cases

where the sentiment scores of the headline and body contradicted each other,i.e., the sentiment of the headline was negative but the sentiment of the body was slightly positive. Overall, sentiment analysis can assist us sort the most concerning (most negative) news from the positive ones, from which we can learn more about the indicators related to COVID-19 and the serious impact caused by it. Moreover, sentiment analysis can also provide us information about how a state or country is reacting to the pandemic. We used PageRank algorithm to extract keywords from headlines as well as the body content. PageRank efficiently highlights important relevant keywords in the text. Some frequently occurring important keywords extracted from both the datasets are: ’China’, Government’, ’Masks’, ’Economy’, ’Crisis’, ’Theft’ , ’Stock market’ , ’Jobs’ , ’Election’, ’Missteps’, ’Health’, ’Response’. Keywords extraction acts as a filter allowing quick searches for indicators in case of locating situations of the economy,

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people.
The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys.
All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application.
Main Topics:
Variables
Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district*; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended*; qualifications obtained*; accent of informant*; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits*; drinking habits*; camera usage*; use of cosmetics*; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week)*; daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day)*; cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening*; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution*; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read)*; whether informant DIY person*; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds)*; holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership.

*earlier surveys only.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people.
The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys.
All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application.
Main Topics:
Variables
Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district*; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended*; qualifications obtained*; accent of informant*; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits*; drinking habits*; camera usage*; use of cosmetics*; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week)*; daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day)*; cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening*; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution*; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read)*; whether informant DIY person*; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds)*; holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership.

*earlier surveys only.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people.
The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys.
All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application.
Main Topics:
Variables
Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district*; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended*; qualifications obtained*; accent of informant*; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits*; drinking habits*; camera usage*; use of cosmetics*; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week)*; daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day)*; cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening*; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution*; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read)*; whether informant DIY person*; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds)*; holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership.

*earlier surveys only.

Information communication (media use) in general. Restrictions on information communication in general. Sociopolitical attitudes. Communication motives. Online access. Restrictions interpersonal and participatory communication. Quality assessments. 2002 federal election. information communication on September 11, 2001. Iraq. Anti-Americanism. Hartz IV. State elections. Climate change. Crises. Citizens´ initiatives.

Subjects: 1. The following subjects were asked identical questions repeatedly at each survey time point: Information communication (media use) in general: television set in the household; reception frequency of news programs on television; most frequently watched news program; reception frequency of political TV magazines; number of days per week with daily newspaper use; interest in the topics of politics, economics, local affairs; reading of news magazines or weekly newspapers; query on news magazines or weekly newspapers read (Spiegel, Focus, Die Zeit); assessment of the economic situation in the country; interest in politics; online access: General online access; online access at home; most frequently used online access; time of first Internet use; duration of use per week; memberships (trade union, party and name of party, citizens´ initiative, environmental organization or animal protection organization, other organizations, name of other organizations); active or passive membership; Internet activities related to active participation; political participation: participation in a demonstration and in a public meeting and frequency of participation in the past year; frequency of own speaking at a public meeting; contacts with politicians (online, in person, by phone, or by mail) and frequency of contact; online letters to the editor in the past year and frequency of online letters to the editor; traditional letters to the editor in the past year and frequency of traditional letters to the editor on political issues; participation in online signature gathering and frequency of participation; participation in traditional signature gathering and frequency of participation; political donations.

Demography: highest educational attainment; vocational training attainment; employment; age (year of birth); nationality; net household income; income group; party affiliation; party identification; occupational status; household size; sex; federal state.

1. In at least one or more waves, the following questions were asked: Duration of daily television use in minutes; daily newspapers read; interest in the topics of culture, sports and advertisements; use of the weekly newspaper Die Woche; recognition among friends for personal information about politics; political information from the newspaper enables participation and commitment to others (altruism); recognition among friends for personal information about politics in the media as well as personal benefit; restrictions Information conventional (foregoing newspaper for reasons of cost and lack of time, political reports in the newspaper are difficult to understand (political competence), too much effort); assessment of personal economic situation; general trust in persons; trust in institutions (Bundestag, authorities, federal government, courts, police, parties); opinion of media coverage (frequent reports on political scandals, negativism with regard to parties and politicians, support for democracy); satisfaction with democracy (school grades); value orientation (personal freedom versus security, personal freedom versus equality, security versus equality); value orientation (scale: respecting law and order, acknowledging others´ opinions, doing what others do, environmental awareness, Christian norms and values, pleasure, success, being technically up-to-date, thriftiness, doing nice things, having own children); psychological self-characterization based on pairs of opposites (Big 5); self-ranking left-right (split: right-left); media influence: Assessment of the political influence of the media and its development; media versus citizens have more influence on politics; political attitude (low responsiveness of politicians, low political influence conviction as citizens); restriction political effort and political competence; importance of selected communication motives: personal benefit, politics must pay off, altruism: personal commitment to others and social commitment, recognition: having a say in political discussions, political expertise is valued, participation: Knowing what´s happening in the country and where you live, not being surprised by political developments); online access at work, school, university, or other location; most used online access; Internet use in the last four weeks; type of online access at home; Internet use on the previous day and duration of use in minutes; restriction of Internet use (cost, poorly developed Internet technology, lack of skills, disruptions during Internet use (social pressure), Internet...

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people. The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys. All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application. Main Topics: Variables Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended; qualifications obtained; accent of informant; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits; drinking habits; camera usage; use of cosmetics; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week); daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day); cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read); whether informant DIY person; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds); holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership. earlier surveys only. See documentation for details Face-to-face interview

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The National Readership Surveys are conducted quarterly either by the British Market Research Bureau or by Research Services Ltd. (1956 - 1959 Research Services Ltd; 1960 - 1967 British Market Research Bureau; 1968 - 1973 Research Services Ltd; 1974 - 1976 British Market Research Bureau; from 1977 onwards Research Services Ltd.). These surveys are designed principally to provide detailed information about the newspaper and magazine reading habits of the British people. The sponsors are virtually all the leading newspaper proprietors and advertising agencies in the country; many leading manufacturers were also consulted over the plan of the surveys. All surveys are substantially the same in form and content. Further details are available from the Archive upon application. Main Topics: Variables Region and polling district; town size; % Labour to Conservative in constituency; % jurors to electorate in polling district; classification of informant & household; social grade of household; household composition; age; age when finished full-time education; type of school/college last attended; qualifications obtained; accent of informant; whether informant occupied; occupation of informant/head of household; smoking habits; drinking habits; camera usage; use of cosmetics; monthly general magazine readership; monthly women's magazine readership; national Sunday newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in week); daily national newspaper - detailed reading habits (where read, who pays, no. times read in day); cinema visiting; TV viewing; Radio Luxembourg listening; national morning newspaper readership; provincial morning newspaper readership; evening newspaper readership; Sunday national newspaper readership; household composition (detailed); no. electors in household/institution; home tenure; description of dwelling; household status of informant; sex and marital status; occupational details (i.e. industry, social grade etc.); income cohort; whether has PO savings or bank account; ownership of stocks shares or holdings in a unit trust; ownership of selected durable goods; car ownership; whether informant buys most petrol; selected publications, detailed reading habits (who pays, where read, no. times read); whether informant DIY person; ownership of household pets (cats, dogs, birds); holiday away from home; holiday abroad; Sunday provincial newspaper readership. earlier surveys only. See documentation for details Face-to-face interview

The value of the print industry across India was *** billion Indian rupees in 2024. This was further expected to reach *** billion rupees by 2026, indicating a compound annual growth of around *** percent.No language barrierPublishing businesses are scattered all over the nation and most of them are carried out on proprietor basis. The idea is to cater to the needs of the local markets and producing titles in regional languages to deliver news to a nation, where citizens speak more than ** languages. In financial year 2018, the print circulation revenue in the south Asian country was led by the Hindi-speaking market with a revenue of almost ** billion Indian rupees. The employment in the sector has also increased over the last decade and was estimated to cross the ** thousand mark in 2022. Read one, read allIncrease in literacy rates across the country has created an interest amongst the young and old alike to stay up to date with the current affairs of the country and the globe. Dainik Jagran, a Hindi language daily newspaper had the highest readership in the country with about ** thousand readers in 2017. Unlike some other markets with more developed digital ecosystems, the newspaper revenue streams in the nation have not faced serious challenges from the digital innovations. Nonetheless, senior citizens prefer to keep it old school when it comes to getting their daily entertainment and information which is likely to keep the ink in the print sector flowing.