The national debt of Australia was about ************** U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1989 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately ************** U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around ************** U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

In 2024, the U.S. GDP increased from the previous year to about 29.18 trillion U.S. dollars. Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country. In 2024, the United States has the largest economy in the world. What is GDP? Gross domestic product is one of the most important indicators used to analyze the health of an economy. GDP is defined by the BEA as the market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, regardless of nationality. It is the primary measure of U.S. production. The OECD defines GDP as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). GDP and national debt Although the United States had the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world in 2022, this does not tell us much about the quality of life in any given country. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic measurement that is thought to be a better method for comparing living standards across countries because it accounts for domestic inflation and variations in the cost of living. While the United States might have the largest economy, the country that ranked highest in terms of GDP at PPP was Luxembourg, amounting to around 141,333 international dollars per capita. Singapore, Ireland, and Qatar also ranked highly on the GDP PPP list, and the United States ranked 9th in 2022.

Comoros KM: External Debt: Principal Arrears: Private Creditors data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 1989. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.199 USD mn for 1988. Comoros KM: External Debt: Principal Arrears: Private Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.169 USD mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 1989, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.226 USD mn in 1987 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1989. Comoros KM: External Debt: Principal Arrears: Private Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Comoros – Table KM.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. Principal in arrears on long-term debt is defined as principal repayment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Albania External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Public Sector data was reported at 4.563 USD bn in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.339 USD bn for 2017. Albania External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Public Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 1.302 USD bn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2018, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.563 USD bn in 2018 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1989. Albania External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Public Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Albania – Table AL.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Long-term public sector external debt conveys information about the distribution of long-term debt for DRS countries by type of debtor (central government, state and local government, central bank, public and mixed enterprises, and official development banks). Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Costa Rica CR: External Debt: TDS: PPG: Official Creditors: Bilateral: Concessional data was reported at 18.347 USD mn in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.297 USD mn for 2017. Costa Rica CR: External Debt: TDS: PPG: Official Creditors: Bilateral: Concessional data is updated yearly, averaging 1.566 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.983 USD mn in 2002 and a record low of 0.050 USD mn in 1989. Costa Rica CR: External Debt: TDS: PPG: Official Creditors: Bilateral: Concessional data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Debt service payments are the sum of principal repayments and interest payments actually made in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Romania RO: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data was reported at 55.263 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 49.746 USD bn for 2016. Romania RO: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 320.000 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.539 USD bn in 2009 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1989. Romania RO: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Long-term private sector external debt conveys information about the distribution of long-term debt for DRS countries by type of debtor (private banks and private entities). Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Nicaragua NI: External Debt: INT: Interest Payments: Total data was reported at 225.403 USD mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 202.776 USD mn for 2015. Nicaragua NI: External Debt: INT: Interest Payments: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 66.322 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 225.403 USD mn in 2016 and a record low of 6.350 USD mn in 1989. Nicaragua NI: External Debt: INT: Interest Payments: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nicaragua – Table NI.World Bank: External Debt: Disbursements and Interest Payment. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. This item includes interest paid on long-term debt, IMF charges, and interest paid on short-term debt. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Paraguay PY: External Debt: Residual: Stock-Flow Reconciliation data was reported at -248.659 USD mn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 165.525 USD mn for 2015. Paraguay PY: External Debt: Residual: Stock-Flow Reconciliation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 463.465 USD mn in 1990 and a record low of -344.977 USD mn in 1989. Paraguay PY: External Debt: Residual: Stock-Flow Reconciliation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Paraguay – Table PY.World Bank: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. The residual difference, i.e. the change in stock not explained by any of the factors identified under debt stock-flow reconciliation, is calculated as the sum of identified accounts minus the change in stock. Where the latter is large it can, in some cases, serve as an illustration of the inconsistencies in the reported data. More often however, it can be explained by specific borrowing phenomenon in individual countries. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

El Salvador SV: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. El Salvador SV: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.392 USD mn in 1989 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2017. El Salvador SV: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s El Salvador – Table SV.World Bank: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Costa Rica CR: External Debt: Principal Arrears: Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2017. Costa Rica CR: External Debt: Principal Arrears: Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) data is updated yearly, averaging 0.594 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 885.225 USD mn in 1989 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2018. Costa Rica CR: External Debt: Principal Arrears: Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. Principal in arrears on long-term debt is defined as principal repayment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

El Salvador SV: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. El Salvador SV: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.661 USD mn in 1989 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2017. El Salvador SV: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s El Salvador – Table SV.World Bank: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Honduras HN: External Debt: TDS: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data was reported at 34.077 USD mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 24.826 USD mn for 2015. Honduras HN: External Debt: TDS: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data is updated yearly, averaging 2.988 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.077 USD mn in 2016 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1989. Honduras HN: External Debt: TDS: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Honduras – Table HN.World Bank: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Debt service payments are the sum of principal repayments and interest payments actually made in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Honduras HN: External Debt: INT: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data was reported at 10.318 USD mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.528 USD mn for 2015. Honduras HN: External Debt: INT: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data is updated yearly, averaging 1.354 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.318 USD mn in 2016 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1989. Honduras HN: External Debt: INT: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Honduras – Table HN.World Bank: External Debt: Disbursements and Interest Payment. Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Cameroon CM: External Debt: DIS: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data was reported at 75.859 USD mn in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 95.488 USD mn for 2017. Cameroon CM: External Debt: DIS: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data is updated yearly, averaging 31.197 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 180.042 USD mn in 1994 and a record low of 1.274 USD mn in 1989. Cameroon CM: External Debt: DIS: PPG: International Development Association (IDA) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cameroon – Table CM.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Disbursements and Interest Payment. Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Zambia ZM: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data was reported at 820.007 USD mn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 883.293 USD mn for 2015. Zambia ZM: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 95.278 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.518 USD bn in 2011 and a record low of 0.367 USD mn in 1989. Zambia ZM: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Zambia – Table ZM.World Bank: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Long-term private sector external debt conveys information about the distribution of long-term debt for DRS countries by type of debtor (private banks and private entities). Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Honduras HN: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data was reported at 2.019 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.793 USD mn for 2016. Honduras HN: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 2.271 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 110.618 USD mn in 1989 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1978. Honduras HN: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Honduras – Table HN.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Key information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• China Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 3,227.2 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 3,209.0 USD bn in the previous month
• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1989 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,993.2 USD bn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 3.7 USD bn in Jan 1989

• In the latest reports, China Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 13.9 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 44,045.8 USD bn YoY in Sep 2024.
• China Domestic Credit reached 49,338.1 USD bn in Jan 2025, representing an increased of 7.9 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.5 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.6 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of China reached 63.3 % in Mar 2023, accounting for 63.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Nigeria NG: External Debt: DIS: PPG: Official Creditors: Multilateral: Concessional data was reported at 850.213 USD mn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 912.328 USD mn for 2015. Nigeria NG: External Debt: DIS: PPG: Official Creditors: Multilateral: Concessional data is updated yearly, averaging 35.969 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.037 USD bn in 2010 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1989. Nigeria NG: External Debt: DIS: PPG: Official Creditors: Multilateral: Concessional data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: External Debt: Disbursements and Interest Payment. Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Mozambique MZ: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data was reported at 106.091 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.578 USD mn for 2016. Mozambique MZ: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 2.117 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 148.049 USD mn in 1989 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1983. Mozambique MZ: External Debt: Interest Arrears: Private Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mozambique – Table MZ.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Kenya KE: External Debt: Residual: Stock-Flow Reconciliation data was reported at -46.025 USD mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.904 USD mn for 2016. Kenya KE: External Debt: Residual: Stock-Flow Reconciliation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 426.063 USD mn in 1989 and a record low of -529.808 USD mn in 1994. Kenya KE: External Debt: Residual: Stock-Flow Reconciliation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kenya – Table KE.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings. The residual difference, i.e. the change in stock not explained by any of the factors identified under debt stock-flow reconciliation, is calculated as the sum of identified accounts minus the change in stock. Where the latter is large it can, in some cases, serve as an illustration of the inconsistencies in the reported data. More often however, it can be explained by specific borrowing phenomenon in individual countries. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;